@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2018;10(2):53-59
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2018;10(2):53-59
Effect of Training Neuro-linguistic Programming Strategies on Self-efficiency, Sport Self-confidence, and Performance of Athletes with Disabilities and Veterans
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Akbarzadeh B. (*)Vaezmousavi S.M.K (1)
Zareian E. (2)
(*) Department of Sport Psychology, Physical Education & Sport Sciences Faculty, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
(1) Department of Physical Education, Social Sciences Faculty, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Department of Motor Behavior, Physical Education & Sport Sciences Faculty, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Opposite Olympic Hotel, Shahid Fahmidah Highway, Tehran, Iran. Zip Code: 1464785581Phone: +98 (21) 44118632
Fax: +98 (21) 44118629
behrooz.akbarzadeh@hotmail.com
Article History
Received: October 8, 2017Accepted: December 30, 2017
ePublished: April 10, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
The Neuro-linguistic Programming approach (NLP) refers to a distinct connection between neurological and linguistic procedures and behavioral patterns learned through planning. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training neuro-linguistic programming strategies on self-efficiency, sport self-confidence, and performance of athletes with disabilities and veterans.
Materials & Methods In this semi-experimental study with pre-test post-test design with control group, 30 veterans and physically-injured athletes, who were members of 2 sitting volleyball teams (Gostaresh-e-Foolade Tabriz and Shahrdarye Tabriz) were selected by purposeful sampling method and divided in experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The instruments used in this study included general self-efficiency scale, sport confidence questionnaire, and Smith and Hanford functional test. All participants trained special skills during 24 sessions over 2 months. The experimental group, besides specific volleyball exercises, completed 18 sessions (each session took 30 minutes), practicing neuro-linguistic programming strategies. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23, using multivariate covariance analysis and dependent sample t-test.
Findings In the experimental group, sport confidence (F=33.47) and general self-efficiency (F=41.69) were significantly higher than the control group, and 65.0% and 69.5% of the changes in sport confidence and general self-efficiency were explained by NLP strategies (p<0.001) in the experimental group. Also, in the experimental group, the difference in performance was significant in the pre-test post-test based on games analysis (t=9.69) and instructors' score (t=11.04) (p<0.001).
Conclusion Training neuro-linguistic programming strategies increases self- efficiency, sport self-confidence, and performance of athletes with disabilities and veterans.
Materials & Methods In this semi-experimental study with pre-test post-test design with control group, 30 veterans and physically-injured athletes, who were members of 2 sitting volleyball teams (Gostaresh-e-Foolade Tabriz and Shahrdarye Tabriz) were selected by purposeful sampling method and divided in experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The instruments used in this study included general self-efficiency scale, sport confidence questionnaire, and Smith and Hanford functional test. All participants trained special skills during 24 sessions over 2 months. The experimental group, besides specific volleyball exercises, completed 18 sessions (each session took 30 minutes), practicing neuro-linguistic programming strategies. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23, using multivariate covariance analysis and dependent sample t-test.
Findings In the experimental group, sport confidence (F=33.47) and general self-efficiency (F=41.69) were significantly higher than the control group, and 65.0% and 69.5% of the changes in sport confidence and general self-efficiency were explained by NLP strategies (p<0.001) in the experimental group. Also, in the experimental group, the difference in performance was significant in the pre-test post-test based on games analysis (t=9.69) and instructors' score (t=11.04) (p<0.001).
Conclusion Training neuro-linguistic programming strategies increases self- efficiency, sport self-confidence, and performance of athletes with disabilities and veterans.
Keywords:
Neuro-linguistic Programming,
Sport Self-confidence ,
Self-efficiency ,
Athletic Performance,
Disabled Person ,
Veteran ,
CITATION LINKS
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[29]Matinfar M. Investigating the relationship between Myers-Briggs typology dimensions with self-efficacy [Dissertation]. Tehran; Allameh Tabataba'i University; 2012. [Persian]
[30]Zamini S, Hosseini nasab D, Hashemi T. The effect of NLP strategies training on self-efficacy and problem solving among girl students. J Psychol. 2009;13(51):258-71. [Persian]
[31]Abolghasemi A, Kiamarsi A, Sohrabi Z. The relationship between goal-rientation, self-efficacy and positive and negative emotions with sport performance and life satisfaction in female Wushu athletes. Sport Psychol Stud. 2013;2(4):25-38. [Persian]
[32]Martin JJ, Diane LG. The relationships of competitive orientations and self-efficacy to goal importance, thoughts, and performance in high school distance runners. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2008;7(1):50-62.
[33]Hodge K. The complete guide to sport motivation. 1th edition. Arashm S, Nadi M, tranlators. Isfahan: Negarkhane; 2014. [Persian]
[34]Esfahani N, Gheze Soflu H. The relationship between self-confidence and performance of amateur and professional woman footballers on their anxiety of competition. Women Dev Politi. 2012;9(4):135-49. [Persian]
[35]Ghorbanalizadeh Ghaziani F, Tayebi SM, Hemayattalab R. The relationship of Sport self-confidence and success in weight-lifting championship. J Sport Manag Act Behav. 2009;5(10):21-31. [Persian]
[2]Tenenbaum G, Eklund RC. Handbook of sport psychology. 3rd edition. Hoboken: Wiley; 2007.
[3]Bandura A. Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy. SAGE J. 2000;9(3):75-8.
[4]Vealey RS. Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. J Sport Psychol. 1986;8(3):221-46.
[5]Wooden J. They Call Me Coach. 1th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2003.
[6]Hardy L, Jones G, Gould D. Understanding psychological preparation for sport: Theory and practice of elite performers. 1th edition. Hoboken: Wiley; 1996.
[7]Lowther J, Lane A. Relationships between mood cohesion and satisfaction with performance among soccer players. Online J Sport Psychol. 2002;4(3):57-69.
[8]Dosil J. The sport psychologist's handbook: A guide for sport-specific performance enhancement. 1th edition. Hoboken: Wiley; 2005.
[9]Tosey P, Jane M. Neuro-linguistic programming and learning theory: A response. Curric J. 2003;14(3):371-88.
[10]Savardelavar M, Bagheri AH. Using NLP in sport psychology; neuro-linguistic programming affects on boxer state-sport confidence by using meta-models method. Eur J Exp Biol. 2012;2(5):1922-7. [Persian]
[11]Ramakrishna B, Babita P. Trends in neuro-linguistic programming (NLP): A critical review. Soc Sci Int. 2011;27(1):41-56.
[12]Florina GE, Teodor GV, Cornelia PS, Marin D. neurolinguistic programming and the relationship between attention and anxiety in alpine skiing juniors. Proced-Soc Behav Sci. 2015;191:1634-38.
[13]Grosu EF, Grosu VT, Preja CA, Iuliana BB. Neuro-linguistic programming based on the concept of modelling. Proced-Soc Behav Scis. 2014;116:3693-9.
[14]Issazadegan A, Dastouri R, Abdoli Soltan Ahmadi J. The effectiveness of neurolinguistic programming (NLP) strategies on self-efficacy, anexity and achievement motivation among boy students. J Psychol Stud. 2013;8(4):73-94. [Persian]
[15]Lazarus J, Rhonda C. Sport psychology and use of neuro linguistic programming (NLP) in sport. J Health Soc Environ. 2009;10(1):5-12.
[16]Akbarzade B, Ahar S, Dadashzade M. Effect of neuro-linguistic programming on mental toughness in veteran and disabled athletes. Iran J War Public Health. 2017;9(2):61-6. [Persian]
[17]Abdoli B, Farsi AR, Alikhani Rad A, Malekshahi M. The relationship between self-efficacy and emotional intelligence with performance in goalball men's of premiership. Sport Psychol Stud. 2013;1(2):94-103. [Persian]
[18]Saffari M, Sanaeinasab H, Rashidi Jahan H, Purtaghi G, Pakpour A. Happiness, self-efficacy and academic achievement among students of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences. J Med Educ Dev. 2014;7(13):45-56. [Persian]
[19]Vaez Mousavi SM, Nasri S, Azarbayjani MA, Mokhtari P. Determining the validity, reliability, and normalization of athletic self-esteem index among athletic students. Res Sport Sci. 2008;6(18):47-60. [Persian]
[20]Kais K, Raudsepp L. Cognitive and somatic anxiety and self-confidence in athletic performance of beach Volleyball. Percept Motor Skills. 2004;98(2):439-49.
[21]Kais K, Raudsepp L. Intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety,self-confidence and athletic performance. Kinesiol. 2005;37(1):13-20.
[22]Savardelavar M. Neuro-linguistic program: Theory and psychological applications. Tehran: Arjmand Publication; 2010. [Persian]
[23]Saunders DE. A psycho-educational programme for cricket players using neuro-linguistic programming [Dissertation]. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch; 2009.
[24]Weinberg RS, Daniel G. Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. 6th edition. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2014.
[25]Bacanli F. Career search self-efficacy expectation scale: Validity and reliability studies. Educ Sci Theory Pract. 2006;6(2):318-30.
[26]Sattari N. The effect of neuro-linguistic programming training in reducing anxiety and depression caused by premenstrual syndrome and increased efficacy in virgins [Dissertation]. Tehran; Payam Noor University; 2010. [Persian]
[27]Motesharee E, Abdoli B, VaezMousavi M, Farsi A. Mental toughness: Trait or developmental capability? Effectiveness evaluation of psychological skills training. Sport Psychol Stud. 2015;4(13):67-88. [Persian]
[28]Lowther J, Lane A, Lane H. Self-efficacy and psychological skills during the amputee Soccer World cup. Online J Sport Psychol Athl Insight. 2002;4(2):23-34.
[29]Matinfar M. Investigating the relationship between Myers-Briggs typology dimensions with self-efficacy [Dissertation]. Tehran; Allameh Tabataba'i University; 2012. [Persian]
[30]Zamini S, Hosseini nasab D, Hashemi T. The effect of NLP strategies training on self-efficacy and problem solving among girl students. J Psychol. 2009;13(51):258-71. [Persian]
[31]Abolghasemi A, Kiamarsi A, Sohrabi Z. The relationship between goal-rientation, self-efficacy and positive and negative emotions with sport performance and life satisfaction in female Wushu athletes. Sport Psychol Stud. 2013;2(4):25-38. [Persian]
[32]Martin JJ, Diane LG. The relationships of competitive orientations and self-efficacy to goal importance, thoughts, and performance in high school distance runners. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2008;7(1):50-62.
[33]Hodge K. The complete guide to sport motivation. 1th edition. Arashm S, Nadi M, tranlators. Isfahan: Negarkhane; 2014. [Persian]
[34]Esfahani N, Gheze Soflu H. The relationship between self-confidence and performance of amateur and professional woman footballers on their anxiety of competition. Women Dev Politi. 2012;9(4):135-49. [Persian]
[35]Ghorbanalizadeh Ghaziani F, Tayebi SM, Hemayattalab R. The relationship of Sport self-confidence and success in weight-lifting championship. J Sport Manag Act Behav. 2009;5(10):21-31. [Persian]