@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(2):117-123
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(2):117-123
Determining Certain Cardiac Electrophysiological and Biochemical Parameters Following Long-Term Exposure to Sound Pollutions in Male Rats
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Nazmi S. (1)Pejhan A. (1)
Azhdari-Zarmehri H. (2)
Mojadadi M.S. (*)
(*) Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
(1) “Cellular and Molecular Research Center” and “Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine”, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
(2) Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Building Number 2 of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Kilometer 5 of Tehran Road, Sabzevar, IranPhone: +985144446070
Fax: +985144264462
mojadadim@medsab.ac.ir
Article History
Received: May 30, 2015Accepted: January 2, 2016
ePublished: March 5, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
Cardio-vascular diseases are of the most important health and treatment problems in the recent industrialized societies. The conducted studies show that noise and vibrations, as types of pollution, are risk factors for the cardio-vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term and long-term facing with noise pollution on some heart biochemical and electrophysiological parameters in the rats.
Materials & Methods In the experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups including short-term (one-day facing) and long-term (30-day facing). And each one included one control group and three experimental groups (4-, 8-, and 12-hour noise facing). At last, different electrophysiological parameters of heart function were investigated via recorded electrocardiograms. The levels of creatine phosphokinase and troponin I enzymes were measured, to investigate myocardial injury. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21 software using One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests.
Findings Short-term (4-hour) facing with noise pollution only led to a reduction in PR interval (p<0.05). Long term (8- and 12-hour) facing with noise pollution considerably reduced PR, QT, and QTc wave intervals, while increased QRS complex voltage (p<0.05). Short-tem (4-hour) and long-term (8 to 12-hour) facing led to an increase in the heart rate (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum level of creatine phosphokinase and troponin I enzymes between different groups.
Conclusion Through changes in the hemodynamic factors, continuous facing with noise pollution can increase heart rate and function in the rats.
Materials & Methods In the experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups including short-term (one-day facing) and long-term (30-day facing). And each one included one control group and three experimental groups (4-, 8-, and 12-hour noise facing). At last, different electrophysiological parameters of heart function were investigated via recorded electrocardiograms. The levels of creatine phosphokinase and troponin I enzymes were measured, to investigate myocardial injury. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21 software using One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests.
Findings Short-term (4-hour) facing with noise pollution only led to a reduction in PR interval (p<0.05). Long term (8- and 12-hour) facing with noise pollution considerably reduced PR, QT, and QTc wave intervals, while increased QRS complex voltage (p<0.05). Short-tem (4-hour) and long-term (8 to 12-hour) facing led to an increase in the heart rate (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum level of creatine phosphokinase and troponin I enzymes between different groups.
Conclusion Through changes in the hemodynamic factors, continuous facing with noise pollution can increase heart rate and function in the rats.
CITATION LINKS
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[16]Takeuchi H, Enzo A, Minamitani H. Circadian rhythm changes in heart rate variability during chronic sound stress. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2001;39(1):113-7.
[17]Ismaila SO, Odusote A. Noise exposure as a factor in the increase of blood pressure of workers in a sack manufacturing industry. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2014;3(2):116-21.
[18]Evrard AS, Bouaoun L, Champelovier P, Lambert J, Laumon B. Does exposure to aircraft noise increase the mortality from cardiovascular disease in the population living in the vicinity of airports? Results of an ecological study in France. Noise Health. 2015;17(78):328-36.
[19]Stansfeld S, Crombie R. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: Research in the United Kingdom. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):229-33.
[20]Lercher P, Botteldooren D, Widmann U, Uhrner U, Kammeringer E. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: research in Austria. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):234-50.
[21]Kempen E. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: research in The Netherlands. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):221-8.
[22]Belojevic G, Paunovic K, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Ilic J, Slepcevic V, et al. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: research in Serbia. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):217-20.
[23]Bluhm G, Eriksson C. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: Research in Sweden. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):212-6.
[24]Maschke C. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: research in Germany. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):205-11.
[25]Ahnve S. Correction of the QT interval for heart rate: Review of different formulas and the use of Bazett's formula in myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 1985;109(3 Pt 1):568-74.
[26]Babisch W, Fromme H, Beyer A, Ising H. Increased catecholamine levels in urine in subjects exposed to road traffic noise: the role of stress hormones in noise research. Environ Int. 2001;26(7-8):475-81.
[27]Spreng M. Central nervous system activation by noise. Noise Health. 2000;2(7):49-58.
[28]Bacharova L, Kyselovic J, Klimas J. QRS voltage-duration product in the identification of left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2002;79(2):143-8.
[29]Paparelli A, Soldani P, Breschi M, Martinotti E, Scatizzi R, Berrettini S, et al. Effects of subacute exposure to noise on the noradrenergic innervation of the cardiovascular system in young and aged rats: a morphofunctional study. J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1992;88(2):105-13.
[30]Sorensen M, Andersen ZJ, Nordsborg RB, Jensen SS, Lillelund KG, Beelen R, et al. Road traffic noise and incident myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39283.
[31]Munzel T, Gori T, Babisch W, Basner M. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise exposure. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(13):829-36.
[2]Saremi M, Rezapour R. Non-auditory Effects Caused by Environmental Noise Pollution. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 2013;20(3):312-25. [Persian]
[3]van Kempen E, Babisch W. The quantitative relationship between road traffic noise and hypertension: a meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2012;30(6):1075-86.
[4]Stansfeld SA, Matheson MP. Noise pollution: non-auditory effects on health. Br Med Bull. 2003;68:243-57.
[5]Brouček J. Effect of noise on performance, stress, and behaviour of animals. Stovak J Anim Sci. 2014;47(2):111-23.
[6]Ising H, Braun C. Acute and chronic endocrine effects of noise: review of the research conducted at the Institute for Water, Soil and Air Hygiene. Noise Health. 2000;2(7):7-24.
[7]Babisch W. Stress hormones in the research on cardiovascular effects of noise. Noise Health. 2003;5(18):1-11.
[8]Nazemi S, Pejhan A, Azhdari-Zarmehri H, Mojadadi MS. The effects of sound pollution on the serum levels of corticosterone and other hematological parameters in male rats. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2015;17(8):41-7. [Persian]
[9]de Souza TC, Périssé AR, Moura M. Noise exposure and hypertension: Investigation of a silent relationship. Bio Med Central. 2015;15:328.
[10]Gesi M, Riva A, Soldani P, Fornai F, Natale G, Lenzi P, et al. Central and peripheral benzodiazepine ligands prevent mitochondrial damage induced by noise exposure in the rat myocardium: an ultrastructural study. Anat Rec. 1999;255(3):334-41.
[11]Rahma MS, Win NN, Rafidah HM, Kamal T, Ailin R. The effects of noise on cardiovascular parameters using isolated rats hearts. Sci Ser Data Rep. 2012;4(12):39-50.
[12]Babisch W, Beule B, Schust M, Kersten N, Ising H. Traffic noise and risk of myocardial infarction. Epidemiol. 2005;16(1):33-40.
[13]Selander J, Nilsson ME, Bluhm G, Rosenlund M, Lindqvist M, Nise G, et al. Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and myocardial infarction. Epidemiol. 2009;20(2):272-9.
[14]Babisch W. Cardiovascular effects of noise. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):201-4.
[15]McClintock PV, Stefanovska A. Noise and determinism in cardiovascular dynamics. Phys Stat Mech Appl. 2002;314(1-4):69-76.
[16]Takeuchi H, Enzo A, Minamitani H. Circadian rhythm changes in heart rate variability during chronic sound stress. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2001;39(1):113-7.
[17]Ismaila SO, Odusote A. Noise exposure as a factor in the increase of blood pressure of workers in a sack manufacturing industry. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2014;3(2):116-21.
[18]Evrard AS, Bouaoun L, Champelovier P, Lambert J, Laumon B. Does exposure to aircraft noise increase the mortality from cardiovascular disease in the population living in the vicinity of airports? Results of an ecological study in France. Noise Health. 2015;17(78):328-36.
[19]Stansfeld S, Crombie R. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: Research in the United Kingdom. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):229-33.
[20]Lercher P, Botteldooren D, Widmann U, Uhrner U, Kammeringer E. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: research in Austria. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):234-50.
[21]Kempen E. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: research in The Netherlands. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):221-8.
[22]Belojevic G, Paunovic K, Jakovljevic B, Stojanov V, Ilic J, Slepcevic V, et al. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: research in Serbia. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):217-20.
[23]Bluhm G, Eriksson C. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: Research in Sweden. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):212-6.
[24]Maschke C. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: research in Germany. Noise Health. 2011;13(52):205-11.
[25]Ahnve S. Correction of the QT interval for heart rate: Review of different formulas and the use of Bazett's formula in myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 1985;109(3 Pt 1):568-74.
[26]Babisch W, Fromme H, Beyer A, Ising H. Increased catecholamine levels in urine in subjects exposed to road traffic noise: the role of stress hormones in noise research. Environ Int. 2001;26(7-8):475-81.
[27]Spreng M. Central nervous system activation by noise. Noise Health. 2000;2(7):49-58.
[28]Bacharova L, Kyselovic J, Klimas J. QRS voltage-duration product in the identification of left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2002;79(2):143-8.
[29]Paparelli A, Soldani P, Breschi M, Martinotti E, Scatizzi R, Berrettini S, et al. Effects of subacute exposure to noise on the noradrenergic innervation of the cardiovascular system in young and aged rats: a morphofunctional study. J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1992;88(2):105-13.
[30]Sorensen M, Andersen ZJ, Nordsborg RB, Jensen SS, Lillelund KG, Beelen R, et al. Road traffic noise and incident myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39283.
[31]Munzel T, Gori T, Babisch W, Basner M. Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise exposure. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(13):829-36.