@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2228-5468 Education Strategies in Medical Sciences 2015;7(6):377-380
ISSN: 2228-5468 Education Strategies in Medical Sciences 2015;7(6):377-380
Effect of Iron Supplement on Youth Rats’ Spatial Memory
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Nazemzadegan Gh.H. (1 )Gheisari H.R. (2 )
Heidary Boroujeny M. (* )
Zolfaghari A. (2 )
(* ) Motor Behavior Department, Educational Sciences & Psychology Faculty, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
(1 ) Motor Behavior Department, Educational Sciences & Psychology Faculty, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
(2 ) Food Hygiene Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Room No. 1015, Shahid Mofatteh Dormatory, Shiraz University Town, Eram Square, Shiraz, Iran. Postal Code: 7194684759Phone: +98 3824248229
Fax: +983834235973
meysamhe@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: July 12, 2014Accepted: October 26, 2014
ePublished: February 4, 2015
ABSTRACT
Aims
Spatial memory is one of the memory types which can identify the persons’ location.
It can be influenced by various factors including micronutrients (Iron). This study aimed to
evaluate the effect extra Iron supplementation on spatial memory in young rats.
Materials & Methods This experimental study was done on 20 male Wistar rats. Samples were randomly divided based on feeding with usual bread and 2, 4 and 6 times iron enriched bread into 4 groups and independent variables were imposed on them for 4 weeks. Then, spatial memory performance in mice was measured using T-maze. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests.
Findings There was a significant differences between groups in time (p=0.0001); groups consumed 2 times (1.9±0.5min), 4 times (9.6±8.9min), and 6 times (5.8±3.1min) spent significantly less time for going through the maze than control group (12.6±1.7min) (p=0.0001).
Conclusion 2 times iron supplementation leads to the best performance in spatial memory and more and less than this amount can be effective on spatial memory.
Materials & Methods This experimental study was done on 20 male Wistar rats. Samples were randomly divided based on feeding with usual bread and 2, 4 and 6 times iron enriched bread into 4 groups and independent variables were imposed on them for 4 weeks. Then, spatial memory performance in mice was measured using T-maze. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests.
Findings There was a significant differences between groups in time (p=0.0001); groups consumed 2 times (1.9±0.5min), 4 times (9.6±8.9min), and 6 times (5.8±3.1min) spent significantly less time for going through the maze than control group (12.6±1.7min) (p=0.0001).
Conclusion 2 times iron supplementation leads to the best performance in spatial memory and more and less than this amount can be effective on spatial memory.
CITATION LINKS
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[7]Beard JL, Felt B, Schallert T, Burhans M, Connor JR, Georgieff MK. Moderate iron deficiency in infancy: biology and behavior in young rats. Behav Brain Res. 2006;170(2):224-32.
[8]Faber M, Kvalsvig JD, Lombard CJ, Benadé AJ. Effect of a fortified maize-meal porridge on anemia, micronutrient status, and motor development of infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(5):1032-9.
[9]Murray-Kolb LE, Beard JL. Iron treatment normalizes cognitive functioning in young women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(3):778-87.
[10]Sen A, Kanani SJ. Impact of iron-folic acid supplementation on cognitive abilities of school girls in Vadodara. Indian Pediatr. 2009;46(2):137-43.
[11]Sen A, Kanani SJ. Physical work capacity of young under privileged school girl’s impact of daily vs intermittent iron folic acid supplementation: A randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr. 2009;46(10):849-54.
[12]Rico JA, Kordas K, López P, Rosado JL, Vargas GG, Ronquillo D, et al. Efficacy of iron and zinc supplementation on cognitive function, achievement and behavior of lead-exposed Mexican school children. Pediatrics. 2006;117(3):e518-e27.
[13]Kordas K, Stoltzfus RJ, López P, Rico JA, Rosado JL. Iron and zinc supplementation does not improve parent or teacher ratings of behavior in first grade Mexican children exposed to lead. J Pediatr. 2005;147(5):632-9.
[14]Rosado JL1, López P, Kordas K, García-Vargas G, Ronquillo D, Alatorre J. Iron and/or zinc supplementation did not reduce blood lead concentrations in children in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Nutr. 2006;136(9):2378-83.
[15]Shoham S, Youdim MB. Iron involvement in neural damage and micro gliosis in models of neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Biol. 2000;46(4):743-60.
[16]Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. 18th ed. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2011.
[17]Cameron AG, Fox BA. Food science, nutrition and health. 6th ed. London: CRC Press; 1995.
[18]Murray-Kolb LE, Beard JL. Iron treatment normalizes cognitive functioning in young women. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85(3):778-87.
[19]Schmidt AT, Wallow KL, Grove WM, Salinas JA, Georgieff MK. Dissociating the long-term effects of fetal/neonatal iron deficiency on three types of learning in the rat. Behav Neurosci. 2007;121(3):475-82.
[20]Falkingham M, Abdelhamid A, Curtis P, Fairweather-Tait S, Dye L, Hooper L. The effects of oral iron supplementation on cognition in older children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2010;9:4.
[21]Siegel EH, Kordas K, Stoltzfus RJ, Katz J, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, et al. Inconsistent effects of iron-folic acid and/or zinc supplementation on the cognitive development of infants. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011;29(6):593-604.
[2]Soodi M, Naghdi N, Sharifzadeh M, Ostad SN, Abdollahi M. Effect of lead (Pb2+) exposure in female pregnant rats and their offspring on spatial learning and memory in morris water maze. Iran J Pharm Res. 2008;7(1);43-51.
[3]Sadrzadeh SM, Saffari Y. Iron and brain disorders. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;121 Suppl:S64-70.
[4]Kliegman RM, Stanton BM, Geme JS, Schor NF, Behrman RE. Nelson textbook of pediatrics: Expert consult premium edition - enhanced online features and print. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011.
[5]el-Sahn F, Sallam S, Mandil A, Galal O. Anaemia among Egyptian adolescents: prevalence and determinants. East Mediterr Health J. 2000;6(5-6):1017-25.
[6]Lozoff B, Jimenez E, Hagen J, Mollen E, Wolf AW. Poorer behavioral and developmental outcome more than 10 years after treatment for iron deficiency in infancy. Pediatrics. 2000;105(4):E51.
[7]Beard JL, Felt B, Schallert T, Burhans M, Connor JR, Georgieff MK. Moderate iron deficiency in infancy: biology and behavior in young rats. Behav Brain Res. 2006;170(2):224-32.
[8]Faber M, Kvalsvig JD, Lombard CJ, Benadé AJ. Effect of a fortified maize-meal porridge on anemia, micronutrient status, and motor development of infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(5):1032-9.
[9]Murray-Kolb LE, Beard JL. Iron treatment normalizes cognitive functioning in young women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(3):778-87.
[10]Sen A, Kanani SJ. Impact of iron-folic acid supplementation on cognitive abilities of school girls in Vadodara. Indian Pediatr. 2009;46(2):137-43.
[11]Sen A, Kanani SJ. Physical work capacity of young under privileged school girl’s impact of daily vs intermittent iron folic acid supplementation: A randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr. 2009;46(10):849-54.
[12]Rico JA, Kordas K, López P, Rosado JL, Vargas GG, Ronquillo D, et al. Efficacy of iron and zinc supplementation on cognitive function, achievement and behavior of lead-exposed Mexican school children. Pediatrics. 2006;117(3):e518-e27.
[13]Kordas K, Stoltzfus RJ, López P, Rico JA, Rosado JL. Iron and zinc supplementation does not improve parent or teacher ratings of behavior in first grade Mexican children exposed to lead. J Pediatr. 2005;147(5):632-9.
[14]Rosado JL1, López P, Kordas K, García-Vargas G, Ronquillo D, Alatorre J. Iron and/or zinc supplementation did not reduce blood lead concentrations in children in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Nutr. 2006;136(9):2378-83.
[15]Shoham S, Youdim MB. Iron involvement in neural damage and micro gliosis in models of neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Biol. 2000;46(4):743-60.
[16]Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. 18th ed. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2011.
[17]Cameron AG, Fox BA. Food science, nutrition and health. 6th ed. London: CRC Press; 1995.
[18]Murray-Kolb LE, Beard JL. Iron treatment normalizes cognitive functioning in young women. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85(3):778-87.
[19]Schmidt AT, Wallow KL, Grove WM, Salinas JA, Georgieff MK. Dissociating the long-term effects of fetal/neonatal iron deficiency on three types of learning in the rat. Behav Neurosci. 2007;121(3):475-82.
[20]Falkingham M, Abdelhamid A, Curtis P, Fairweather-Tait S, Dye L, Hooper L. The effects of oral iron supplementation on cognition in older children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2010;9:4.
[21]Siegel EH, Kordas K, Stoltzfus RJ, Katz J, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, et al. Inconsistent effects of iron-folic acid and/or zinc supplementation on the cognitive development of infants. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011;29(6):593-604.