@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2019;11(4):215-222
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2019;11(4):215-222
Comparison of Resilience, Self-Differentiation, and Health-Promoting Lifestyle in Children of the Chemical Warfare Veterans, Non-Chemical Veterans, Prisoners of War and Normal Population
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Ghasemiyani B. (*1)Aghdasi A.N. (2)
(*1) Clinical Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz , Iran
(2) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz , Iran
Correspondence
Address: Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pasdaran Highway, Tabriz, Iran. Postal Code: 5157944533Phone: +98 (44) 44324450
Fax: -
hesel6370@gmail.com
Article History
Received: January 16, 2019Accepted: September 4, 2019
ePublished: December 21, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
War-related physical and psychological injuries are the factors that affect the quality of life of disabled veterans and their children. The aim of the present research was to compare the resilience, self-differentiation, and health-promoting lifestyle in children of chemical warfare veterans, non-chemical warfare veterans, prisoners of war, and normal population.
Instrument & Methods This descriptive causal-comparative study was carried out on 259 children of the chemical warfare veterans, non-chemical warfare veterans, prisoners of war and normal population in Sardasht County in 2017-2018. The subjects were selected using purposive sampling method. Data collection tools consisted of the Conver and Davidson’s resiliency questionnaire, self-differentiation questionnaire of Friedland and Skowron, and health improvement lifestyle questionnaire of Volker et al. Data were analyzed through SPSS 23 software using the one-way analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc and multivariate analysis of variance test.
Findings The mean scores of resiliency, self-differentiation and health-promoting lifestyle were significantly different among the four groups and this difference was observed between the children of normal population with the children of the chemical warfare veterans, non-chemical warfare veterans and prisoners of war (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference between the other groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion The rate of resilience, self-differentiation, and health-promoting lifestyle in the children of normal population is higher than the other groups.
Instrument & Methods This descriptive causal-comparative study was carried out on 259 children of the chemical warfare veterans, non-chemical warfare veterans, prisoners of war and normal population in Sardasht County in 2017-2018. The subjects were selected using purposive sampling method. Data collection tools consisted of the Conver and Davidson’s resiliency questionnaire, self-differentiation questionnaire of Friedland and Skowron, and health improvement lifestyle questionnaire of Volker et al. Data were analyzed through SPSS 23 software using the one-way analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc and multivariate analysis of variance test.
Findings The mean scores of resiliency, self-differentiation and health-promoting lifestyle were significantly different among the four groups and this difference was observed between the children of normal population with the children of the chemical warfare veterans, non-chemical warfare veterans and prisoners of war (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference between the other groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion The rate of resilience, self-differentiation, and health-promoting lifestyle in the children of normal population is higher than the other groups.
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Shoarinejad AA. Teacher and family career needs. Q J Educ. 1930;116:37-40 [Persian].
[3]Keramati H, Moradi AR, Kaveh M. Investigating and comparing the family function and psychological imagery in the children of the martyr family. J Educ Innovat. 2005;4(11):57-75. [Persian].
[4]Masten AS. Ordinary majic: resilience processes in development. Am Psychol. 2001;56(3):227-38.
[5]Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76-82.
[6]Khodabakhshi Koolaei A, Heidari S, Khoshkonesh A, Heidari M. Relationship between spiritual intelligence and resilience to stress and the preference of delivery method among pregnant women. J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2013;16(58):8-15. [Persian]
[7]Garmezy N. Resilience and vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes associate with poverty. Am Behav Sci. 1991;34(4):416-30.
[8]Martin AJ, Marsh HW. Academic buoyancy: towards an understanding of students’ everyday academic resilience. J Sch Psycol. 2008;46(1):53-83.
[9]Letzring TD, Block J, Funder DC. Ego-control and ego-resiliency: Generalization of self-report scales based on personality descriptions from acquanintances, clinians, and the self. J Res Pers. 2005;39(4):395-422.
[10]Moghanloo M, Kolivand Z. Comparison of differentiation of self and cognitive self-control between addicts with a successful withdrawal attempt and drug dependent individuals. J Res Addict. 2018;12(46):101-20. [Persian]
[11]Mehri Y, Salari SM, Langroudi MS, Baharamizadeh H. The relationship between differentiation of self and aspects of identity. Proc Soc Behav Sci. 2011;30:733-7. [Persian]
[12]Bowen M. Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson; 1978.
[13]Kerr ME, Bowen M. Family evaluation. New York: Norton; 1988.
[14]Maser MJ. A construc validiyy of differentiation of self measures and their correlates [Dissertation]. South Orange, New Jersey: Seton Hall University; 2011.
[15]Hooper LM, DePuy V. Mediating and moderating effects of differentiation of self on depression symptomatology in a rural community sample. Fam J. 2010;18(4):351-68.
[16]Chung H, Gale H. Comparing self-differentiation and psychological well-being between Korean and European American students. Contemp Fam Ther. 2006;28(3):367-81.
[17]Williamson I, Sandage SJ, Lee RM. How social connectedness affects guilt and shame: Mediation by hope and differentiation of self. Pers Individ Differ. 2007;43(8):2159-70.
[18]Skowron EA, Wester SR, Azen R. Differentiation of self mediates college stress and adjustment. J Couns Dev. 2004;82(1):69-78.
[19]Johnson P, Buboltz WC. Differentiation of self and psychological reactance. Contemp Fam Ther. 2000;22(1):91-102.
[20]Sandage SJ, Jankowski PJ. Forgiveness, spiritual instability, mental health symptoms, and well-being: mediator effects of differentiation of self. Psychol Relig Spiritual. 2010;2(3):168-80.
[21]Sepah Mansoor M, Bagheri F. Predicting health promoting lifestyle from health locus of control and attachment style. J Health Psychol. 2017;6(2):131-44. [Persian]
[22]Mohammadi Zeidi I, Pakpour Hajiagha A, Mohammadi Zeidi B. Reliability and validity of Persian version of the health-promoting lifestyle profile. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2012:21(1):102-13. [Persian]
[23]La’li M, Abedi A, Kajbaf MB. Construction and validation of the lifestyle questionnaire (LSQ). Psychol Res. 2011;15(1):64-80. [Persian]
[24]Baker D. Health promotion in nursing practice. Fam Community Health; 2007;30(1):85-6.
[25]Chaney D. Cosmopolitan art and cultural citizenship. Theory Cult Soc. 2002;19(1-2):157-74.
[26]Lock CA, Lecouturier J, Mason JM, Dickinson HO. Lifestyle interventions to prevent osteoporotic fractures: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int. 2006;17(1):20-8.
[27]Omidy Rad S, Hekmat HR. Comparison of health promotion and happiness promoting style in Adolescents without a guardian and Single-guarded and normal Adolescents. In: Proceedings of the World Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences of the Social Sciences Law at the beginning of the third millennium; 2016 May 19; Green Industry Market Idea Company Research, Shiraz, Iran. Tehran: Civilica; 2017. [Persian]
[28]Rastgar M, Zendehtalab HR, Yavari M, Mazloum SR. Health promoting lifestyle and its related factors in health volunteers in Mashhad. J Torbat Heydariyeh Univ Med Sci. 2015;3(3):48-55. [Persian]
[29]Kaykhosravi N. Investigating the relationship between differentiation and dependence with identity styles in students at Behshahr Islamic Azad University [Dissertation]. Behshahr: Behshahr Islamic Azad University; 2017. [Persian].
[30]Ebrahim Babaei F, Habibi M, Ghodrati S. Comparison of health promoting lifestyle in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in Tehran. J Educ Community Health. 2017;4(3):38-43. [Persian]
[31]Javidi Kalate Jafarabadi T. Social status of Martyrs' Spouses (Neyshabur City). In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Self-sacrifice and Martyrdom, Opportunities and Challenges in the fields of Culture, Economics and Politics; 2009 Mar 4; University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. [Persian]
[32]Mojahed A, Kalantari M, Molavi H, Taher Neshatdost H, Shakiba M. comparative study of the mental health of war injured and martyrs' spouses in Zahedan. Horizon Med Sci. 2011;17(3):43-50. [Persian]
[33]Samani S, Jokar B, Sahragard, N. Resilience, mental health and life satisfaction. J Psychiatry Clin Psychol Iran. 2007;13(3):290-5. [Persian]
[34]Zarean Z, Nazari F, Hajir S, Alvandi P. Comparison of resiliency in parents of children with autism and the effectiveness of parental education in improving resilience. National Congresses for Children with Special Needs; 2018 Apr 25; Farhangiyan University, Isfahan, Iran. Tehran: Civilica; 2018. [Persian]
[35]Khalatbari J, Bahari S. The relationship between resilience and life satisfaction. J Educ Psychol. 2010;1(2):83-94. [Persian]
[36]Drake JR. Differention of self inventoty short form: creation and initial evidence of construct validity [Dissertation]. Kansas City: University of Missuri Kansas City; 2011.
[37]Yousefi N. Psychometric measures of family scale, self-differentiation. J Fam Couns Psychother. 2011;1(1):19-38. [Persian]
[38]Goldenberg H, Goldenberg I. Family therapy: an overview. 8th Edition. United States: Brooks/Cole; 2012.
[39]Myers RE. Promoting healthy behaviors: how do we get the message across? Int J Nurs Stud. 2010;47(4):500-12.
[40]Barnes D, Almasy N. Refugees’ perceptions of healthy behaviors. J Immigr Health. 2005;7(3):185-93.
[41]Mohammadalizadeh Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M, Tavananejad N, Karkhaneh M. Health promoting lifestyles and self-efficacy in adolescent boys. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014;23(109):152-62. [Persian]