@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(1):85-91
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(1):85-91
Effect of Endurance Exercise with Garlic Supplement Consumption on Intracellular and Vascular Adhesion Molecules in Sedentary Women
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Soori R. (*)Choopani Z. (1)
Falahian N. (2)
Choopani S. (3)
Ramezankhani A. (3)
(*) Sport Physiology Department, Education & Sport Sciences Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
(1) Sport Physiology Department, Education & Sport Sciences Faculty, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Sport Physiology Department, Education & Sport Sciences Faculty, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
(3) Sport Physiology Department, Education & Sport Sciences Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, between 15th and 16th Street, North Kargar Street, Tehran, IranPhone: +98 (21) 61118859
Fax: +98 (21) 88351741
soori@ut.ac.ir
Article History
Received: April 20, 2016Accepted: July 19, 2016
ePublished: January 19, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
The intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and the vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the sport activities with garlic supplementation on the levels of ICAMs and VCAMs in the sedentary women.
Materials & Methods In the pretest-posttest semi-experimental study, 40 over-weight women referred to the health clinics in western Tehran were studied in 2015. The subjects, selected via random sample selecting method, were randomly divided into four 10-person groups including sport exercise, exercise with garlic supplementation, supplementation, and control. Two 500mg supplementation capsules were daily administrated. In addition, including 5 sessions a week, 10-week 60-75% of maximum heart beat aerobic activity was conducted. The anthropometric indices, the levels of the adhesion molecules, and blood lipids of the subjects were measured at the beginning and 48 hours after the end of the exercises. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software using two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post-hoc, and dependent T tests.
Findings The ICAM-1 levels in exercise + supplementation and exercise groups, and the VCAM-1 levels in exercise + supplementation and supplementation groups were significantly reduced at the posttest stage compared to the pretest stage, as well as to control group. In addition, the mean weight, lipid percentage, BMI, and LDL-C in exercise and exercise + supplementation groups were significantly reduced. Nevertheless, the cholesterol level was significantly reduced in exercise + supplementation group only (p<0.05).
Conclusion 10-week sport activity with garlic supplementation reduces the levels of ICAM and VCAM in the sedentary women.
Materials & Methods In the pretest-posttest semi-experimental study, 40 over-weight women referred to the health clinics in western Tehran were studied in 2015. The subjects, selected via random sample selecting method, were randomly divided into four 10-person groups including sport exercise, exercise with garlic supplementation, supplementation, and control. Two 500mg supplementation capsules were daily administrated. In addition, including 5 sessions a week, 10-week 60-75% of maximum heart beat aerobic activity was conducted. The anthropometric indices, the levels of the adhesion molecules, and blood lipids of the subjects were measured at the beginning and 48 hours after the end of the exercises. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software using two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post-hoc, and dependent T tests.
Findings The ICAM-1 levels in exercise + supplementation and exercise groups, and the VCAM-1 levels in exercise + supplementation and supplementation groups were significantly reduced at the posttest stage compared to the pretest stage, as well as to control group. In addition, the mean weight, lipid percentage, BMI, and LDL-C in exercise and exercise + supplementation groups were significantly reduced. Nevertheless, the cholesterol level was significantly reduced in exercise + supplementation group only (p<0.05).
Conclusion 10-week sport activity with garlic supplementation reduces the levels of ICAM and VCAM in the sedentary women.
CITATION LINKS
[1]Bizheh N, Ebrahimi A, Jaafari M. The effects of three months aerobic exercise on novel atherosclerosis risk factors in untrained middle aged men. Glob J Sci Eng Technol. 2013;(5):158-70.
[2]Hejazi SM, Abrishami LH, Khani JM, Boghrabadi V. The effects of 8-week aerobic exercises on serum levels of cell adhesion molecules among middle-aged women. Adv Stud Biol. 2013;5(6):279-89.
[3]Bastien M, Poirier P, Lemieeux I, Després JP. Overview of epidemiology and contribution of obesity to cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;56(4):369-81.
[4]Hammett CJ, Prapavessis H, Baldi JC, Varo N, Schoenbeck U, Ameratunga R, et al. Effects of exercise training on 5 inflammatory markers associated with cardiovascular risk. Am Heart J. 2006;151(2):367.e7-e16.
[5]Kritchevsky SB, Cesari M, Pahor M. Inflammatory markers and cardiovascular health in older adults. Cardiovasc Res. 2005;66(2):265-75.
[6]Golbidi S, Mesdaghinia A, Laher J. Exercise in the metabolic syndrome. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:349710.
[7]Ding YH, Young CN, Luan X, Li J, Rafols JA, Clark JC, et al. Exercise preconditioning ameliorates inflammatory injury in ischemic rats during reperfusion. Acta Neuropathol. 2005;109(3):237-46.
[8]Maeda S, Tanabe T, Otsuki T, Sugawara J, Lemitsu M, Miyauchi T, et al. Moderate regular exercise increases basal production of nitric oxide in elderly women. Hypertens Res. 2004;27(12):947-53.
[9]Saxton JM, Zwierska K, Hopkinson E, Espigares S, Choksy S, Nawas S, et al. Effect of upper-lower- limb exercise training on circulation soluble adhertion molecules, hs-CRP and stress protein in pasint with cladication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;35(5):607-13.
[10]Linares-Segovia B, Guízar-Mendoza JM, Amador-Licona N, Barbosa-Sabanero G, Malacara JM. Effect of an exercise program, on hemodynamic, metabolic and inflammatory markers in obese Mexican adolescents. Endocrinol Metab Synd. 2013;S2:1-4.
[11]Palmefors H, DuttaRoy S, Rundqvist B, Börjesson M. The effect of physical activity or exercise on key biomarkers in atherosclerosis--a systematic review. Atherosclerosis. 2014;235(1):150-61.
[12]Moemen Kahkha H, Nasrabadi R, Nuraeinjar M. Effect of twelve weeks aerobic training on selected molecules TNF-1α, CRP, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women. J Sci Res Dev. 2015;2(1):154-7.
[13]Sabatier MJ, Schwark EH, Lewis R, Sloan G, Cannon J, McCully K. Femoral artery remodeling after aerobic exercise training without weight loss in women. Dyn Med. 2008;7:13.
[14]Naji Esfahani H, Zamani M, Marandi SM, Shaygannejad V, Javanmard H. Preventive effects of a three-month yoga intervention on endothelial function in patients with migraine. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(4):424-9.
[15]Morihara N, Ushijima M, Kashimoto N, Sumioka I, Nishihama T, Hayama M, et al. Aged garlic extract ameliorates physical fatigue. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006;29(5):962-6.
[16]Ebrahim Kh, Ahmadizad S, Ghanimati R, Bagheri A, Sheikhi S, Ghanimati M. The effect of endurance training and garlic consumption on vo2max in non-active men. Manag Appl Res Biol Sci Sport. 2011;1(2):11-8. [Persian]
[17]Lee YM, Gweon OC, Seo YJ, Im J, Kang MJ, Kim MJ, et al. Antioxidant effect of garlic and aged black garlic in animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Res Pract. 2009;3(2):156-61.
[18]Morris DM, Beloni RK, Wheeler HE. Effects of garlic consumption on physiological variables and performance during exercise in hypoxia. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013;38(4):363-7.
[19]Saki B, Paydar Ardakani SM, Amraei Z, Salehi Abarghuei A. The effect of garlic supplementation on aerobic performance in non-athlete men. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol. 2015;10(2):115-20.
[20]Vazquez-Prieto MA, Rodriguez Lanzi C, Lembo C, Galmarini CR, Miatello RM. Garlic and onion attenuates vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats. J Nutr Metab. 2011;2011:7.
[21]Kim SR, Jung YR, An HJ, Kim DH, Jang EJ, Choi YJ, et al. Anti-wrinkle and anti-inflammatory effects of active garlic components and the inhibition of MMPs via NF-κB signaling. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e73877.
[22]Lee EN, Choi YW, Kim HK, Park JK, Kim HJ, Kim MJ, et al. Chloroform extract of aged black garlic attenuates TNF-α-induced ROS generation, VCAM-1 expression, NF-κB activation and adhesiveness for monocytes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Phytother Res. 2011;25(1):92-100.
[23]Arreola R, Quintero-Fabián S, López-Roa RI, Flores-Gutiérrez EO, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Carrera-Quintanar L, et al. Immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic compounds. J Immunol Res. 2015;2015:13.
[24]Choi KM, Kim TN, Yoo HJ, Lee KW, Cho GJ, Hwang TG, et al. Effect of exercise training on A-FABP, lipocalin-2 and RBP4 levels in obese women. Clin Endocrinol. 2009;70(4):569-74.
[25]Tofighi A, Ghafari G. Effect of Aerobic Training with Omega-3 consumption on soluble adhesion molecules in the obese women. Med J Tabriz Univ. 2013;36(1):20-7. [Persian]
[26]Mogharnasi M, Gaeini AA, Sheikholeslami Vatani D. Effect of sprint training and detraining period on cellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) in wistar rats. Olympic. 2008;16(3):19-30. [Persian]
[27]Monchanin G, Serpero LD, Connes P, Tripette J, Woassi D, Bezin L, et al. Effects of progressive and maximal exercise on plasma levels of adhesion molecules in athletes with sickle cell trait with or without alpha-thalassemia. J Appl Physiol. 2007;102(1):169-73.
[28]Sjögren P, Cederholm T, Heimbürger M, Stenvinkel P, Vedin I, Palmblad J, et al. Simple advice on lifestyle habits and long-term changes in biomarkers of inflammation and vascular adhesion in healthy middle-aged men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(12):1450-6.
[29]van Doorn MB, Espirito Santo SM, Meijer P, Kamerling IM, Schoemaker RC, Dirsch V, et al. Effect of garlic powder on C-reactive protein and plasma lipids in overweight and smoking subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(6):1324-9.
[30]Rassoul F, Salvetter J, Reissig D, Schneider W, Thiery J, Richter V. The influence of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on interleukin 1alpha-induced expression of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(4):230-5.
[2]Hejazi SM, Abrishami LH, Khani JM, Boghrabadi V. The effects of 8-week aerobic exercises on serum levels of cell adhesion molecules among middle-aged women. Adv Stud Biol. 2013;5(6):279-89.
[3]Bastien M, Poirier P, Lemieeux I, Després JP. Overview of epidemiology and contribution of obesity to cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;56(4):369-81.
[4]Hammett CJ, Prapavessis H, Baldi JC, Varo N, Schoenbeck U, Ameratunga R, et al. Effects of exercise training on 5 inflammatory markers associated with cardiovascular risk. Am Heart J. 2006;151(2):367.e7-e16.
[5]Kritchevsky SB, Cesari M, Pahor M. Inflammatory markers and cardiovascular health in older adults. Cardiovasc Res. 2005;66(2):265-75.
[6]Golbidi S, Mesdaghinia A, Laher J. Exercise in the metabolic syndrome. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:349710.
[7]Ding YH, Young CN, Luan X, Li J, Rafols JA, Clark JC, et al. Exercise preconditioning ameliorates inflammatory injury in ischemic rats during reperfusion. Acta Neuropathol. 2005;109(3):237-46.
[8]Maeda S, Tanabe T, Otsuki T, Sugawara J, Lemitsu M, Miyauchi T, et al. Moderate regular exercise increases basal production of nitric oxide in elderly women. Hypertens Res. 2004;27(12):947-53.
[9]Saxton JM, Zwierska K, Hopkinson E, Espigares S, Choksy S, Nawas S, et al. Effect of upper-lower- limb exercise training on circulation soluble adhertion molecules, hs-CRP and stress protein in pasint with cladication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;35(5):607-13.
[10]Linares-Segovia B, Guízar-Mendoza JM, Amador-Licona N, Barbosa-Sabanero G, Malacara JM. Effect of an exercise program, on hemodynamic, metabolic and inflammatory markers in obese Mexican adolescents. Endocrinol Metab Synd. 2013;S2:1-4.
[11]Palmefors H, DuttaRoy S, Rundqvist B, Börjesson M. The effect of physical activity or exercise on key biomarkers in atherosclerosis--a systematic review. Atherosclerosis. 2014;235(1):150-61.
[12]Moemen Kahkha H, Nasrabadi R, Nuraeinjar M. Effect of twelve weeks aerobic training on selected molecules TNF-1α, CRP, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women. J Sci Res Dev. 2015;2(1):154-7.
[13]Sabatier MJ, Schwark EH, Lewis R, Sloan G, Cannon J, McCully K. Femoral artery remodeling after aerobic exercise training without weight loss in women. Dyn Med. 2008;7:13.
[14]Naji Esfahani H, Zamani M, Marandi SM, Shaygannejad V, Javanmard H. Preventive effects of a three-month yoga intervention on endothelial function in patients with migraine. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(4):424-9.
[15]Morihara N, Ushijima M, Kashimoto N, Sumioka I, Nishihama T, Hayama M, et al. Aged garlic extract ameliorates physical fatigue. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006;29(5):962-6.
[16]Ebrahim Kh, Ahmadizad S, Ghanimati R, Bagheri A, Sheikhi S, Ghanimati M. The effect of endurance training and garlic consumption on vo2max in non-active men. Manag Appl Res Biol Sci Sport. 2011;1(2):11-8. [Persian]
[17]Lee YM, Gweon OC, Seo YJ, Im J, Kang MJ, Kim MJ, et al. Antioxidant effect of garlic and aged black garlic in animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Res Pract. 2009;3(2):156-61.
[18]Morris DM, Beloni RK, Wheeler HE. Effects of garlic consumption on physiological variables and performance during exercise in hypoxia. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013;38(4):363-7.
[19]Saki B, Paydar Ardakani SM, Amraei Z, Salehi Abarghuei A. The effect of garlic supplementation on aerobic performance in non-athlete men. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol. 2015;10(2):115-20.
[20]Vazquez-Prieto MA, Rodriguez Lanzi C, Lembo C, Galmarini CR, Miatello RM. Garlic and onion attenuates vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats. J Nutr Metab. 2011;2011:7.
[21]Kim SR, Jung YR, An HJ, Kim DH, Jang EJ, Choi YJ, et al. Anti-wrinkle and anti-inflammatory effects of active garlic components and the inhibition of MMPs via NF-κB signaling. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e73877.
[22]Lee EN, Choi YW, Kim HK, Park JK, Kim HJ, Kim MJ, et al. Chloroform extract of aged black garlic attenuates TNF-α-induced ROS generation, VCAM-1 expression, NF-κB activation and adhesiveness for monocytes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Phytother Res. 2011;25(1):92-100.
[23]Arreola R, Quintero-Fabián S, López-Roa RI, Flores-Gutiérrez EO, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Carrera-Quintanar L, et al. Immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic compounds. J Immunol Res. 2015;2015:13.
[24]Choi KM, Kim TN, Yoo HJ, Lee KW, Cho GJ, Hwang TG, et al. Effect of exercise training on A-FABP, lipocalin-2 and RBP4 levels in obese women. Clin Endocrinol. 2009;70(4):569-74.
[25]Tofighi A, Ghafari G. Effect of Aerobic Training with Omega-3 consumption on soluble adhesion molecules in the obese women. Med J Tabriz Univ. 2013;36(1):20-7. [Persian]
[26]Mogharnasi M, Gaeini AA, Sheikholeslami Vatani D. Effect of sprint training and detraining period on cellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) in wistar rats. Olympic. 2008;16(3):19-30. [Persian]
[27]Monchanin G, Serpero LD, Connes P, Tripette J, Woassi D, Bezin L, et al. Effects of progressive and maximal exercise on plasma levels of adhesion molecules in athletes with sickle cell trait with or without alpha-thalassemia. J Appl Physiol. 2007;102(1):169-73.
[28]Sjögren P, Cederholm T, Heimbürger M, Stenvinkel P, Vedin I, Palmblad J, et al. Simple advice on lifestyle habits and long-term changes in biomarkers of inflammation and vascular adhesion in healthy middle-aged men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(12):1450-6.
[29]van Doorn MB, Espirito Santo SM, Meijer P, Kamerling IM, Schoemaker RC, Dirsch V, et al. Effect of garlic powder on C-reactive protein and plasma lipids in overweight and smoking subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(6):1324-9.
[30]Rassoul F, Salvetter J, Reissig D, Schneider W, Thiery J, Richter V. The influence of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on interleukin 1alpha-induced expression of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(4):230-5.