@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2015;20(4):223-229
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2015;20(4):223-229
Analysis the Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women Clinics of Tehran City’s Referents by PCR
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Safayi delouyi Z. (1 )Valadkhani Z. (* )
Sohrabi M. (2 )
(* ) Parasitology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
(1 ) Microbiology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
(2 ) Biology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Parasitology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 12th of Farvardin Street, Tehran, IranPhone: +982164112267
Fax: +982166968855
valad.zarrin@gmail.com
Article History
Received: July 8, 2014Accepted: November 8, 2014
ePublished: February 19, 2015
ABSTRACT
Aims
Trichomoniasis is the most common sexually-transmitted disease in the world. This
study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis by PCR referred to the
women clinics of Tehran City.
Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was done on 140 women admitted to Tehran Loghman and Shahid Shoorideh clinics hospital from November 2013 to December 2014. Demographic data were collected by a questionnaire. Using 2 swabs, from the posterior fornix of the vagina, secretions were collected with a swab to examine in the vaginal TYI-S-33 culture and another for molecular detection placed in a tube containing 2ml of sterile saline and transferred to the laboratory. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11 and One-sample T test.
Findings Of 46 suspected patients with Trichomonas vaginalis infection, vaginal secretions of 11 (7.8%) patients and urine samples of 4 (2.8%) patients by PCR, vaginal secretions of 6 (4.2%) and urine sample of 1 (0.5%) were reported positive in culture. There was a significant correlation between education and husbands’ job and Trichomonas vaginalis infection (p<0.05). There was not a significant correlation between contraception and prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (p>0.05).
Conclusion Employing new molecular methods based on PCR is recommended as a supplement or alternative to current methods for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis.
Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was done on 140 women admitted to Tehran Loghman and Shahid Shoorideh clinics hospital from November 2013 to December 2014. Demographic data were collected by a questionnaire. Using 2 swabs, from the posterior fornix of the vagina, secretions were collected with a swab to examine in the vaginal TYI-S-33 culture and another for molecular detection placed in a tube containing 2ml of sterile saline and transferred to the laboratory. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11 and One-sample T test.
Findings Of 46 suspected patients with Trichomonas vaginalis infection, vaginal secretions of 11 (7.8%) patients and urine samples of 4 (2.8%) patients by PCR, vaginal secretions of 6 (4.2%) and urine sample of 1 (0.5%) were reported positive in culture. There was a significant correlation between education and husbands’ job and Trichomonas vaginalis infection (p<0.05). There was not a significant correlation between contraception and prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (p>0.05).
Conclusion Employing new molecular methods based on PCR is recommended as a supplement or alternative to current methods for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis.
CITATION LINKS
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[13]Musatovova O, Alderete JF. The Trichomonas vaginalis phenotypically varying P270 immunogen is highly conserved except for numbers of repeated elements. Microb Pathog. 1999; 27(2):93-104.
[14]Mazloumi AS, Namazi A, Sehhati F. prevalence & risk factores of trichomoniasis among women in Tabriz. Iran J Clin Infect Dis. 2008;3(2):67-71.
[15]Bafghi AF, Aflatoonian A, Barzegar K, Ghafourzadeh M, Nabipour S. Frequency distribution of trichomoniasis in pregnant women referred to health centers of Ardakan, Meibod and Yazd, Iran. Jondishapour J Microbiol. 2009;2(4):132-9.
[16]Valadkhani Z, Asmar M, Esfandiari B, Amirkhani A, Hassan N, Lotfi M. Trichomoniasis in Asymptomatic patients. Iran J Public Health. 2008;37(3):113-7.
[17]Valadkhani Z, Asmar M, Hassan N, Aghigh Z, Amirkhani A, Kazemi F, et al. Prevalence of trichomoniasis in high-risk behavior group women attending penitentiaries clinic of Tehran province. Giornale Italiano di Medicina Tropicale. 2010;14(1-4):43-6.
[18]Matini M, Rezaie S, Mohebali M, Maghsood A, Rabiee S, Fallah M, Rezaeian M. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Hamadan City, Western Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2012; 7(2):67-72.
[19]Nourian A, Shabani N, Fazaeli A, Mousavinasab N. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Pregnant Women in Zanjan, Northwest of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2013;6(8):7258.
[20]Dalimi Asl A, Shirbazoo Sh, Ghaffari far F, Jorjani A. Molecular detection of Trichomonas vaginalis using gene amplification of 18srRNA by PCR. Kowsar Medical Journal. 2008.3:179-84.
[21]Katiyar SK, Edlind TD. Beta-tubulin genes of Trichomonas vaginalis. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1994;64(1):33-42.
[22]Secor WE, Meites E, Starr MC, Workowski KA. Neglected parasitic infections in the United States: trichomoniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;90(5):800-4.
[23]Lawing LF, Hedges SR, Schwebke JR. Detection of trichomonosis in vaginal and urine specimens from women by culture and PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(10):3585-8.
[24]Anorlu R, Imosemi D, Odunukwe N, Abudu O, Otuonye M. Prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in patients with vaginah discharge in hagos, Nigeria. J Natl Med Assoc. 2004;96(3):367-71.
[25]López-Monteon A, Gómez-Figueroa FS, Ramos-Poceros G, Guzmán-Gómez D, Ramos-Ligonio A. Codetection of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans by PCR in urine samples in a low-risk population attended in a clinic first level in central Veracruz, Mexico. Biomed Res Int. 2013;281892.
[26]Mazloumi AS, Namazi A, Sehhati F. prevalence & risk factores of trichomoniasis among women in Tabriz. Iran J Clin Infect Dis. 2008;3(2):67-71.
[27]Moshfe A, Hosseini S. Comparison of clinical & microscopis diagnosis of trichomoniasis refferd to the Yasouj women clinics. J Armaghan e Danesh.2004;9(33):81-5.
[28]Farahmand M, Rezaeian M. The prevalence of trichomoniasis in women attending family planning clinics using medium and direct observation in Tehran. J Med Pur. 1996;22:27-31. [Persian]
[29]Rashdi S, Ziaee H, Yaqhoubi T. Health behaviors of women with trichomoniasis treatment centers in Sari. National Congress of Nursing and Midwifery Care. J School Nurs Midwifery Allied Kermanshah. 2002;1:50. [Persian]
[30]Bakhshandeh S, Ghaemi A, Behnam pour N, Rezaee M. Etiologic agents of vaginal infections in women attending a gynecology clinic Daryan Hospital in Gorgan. J Secrets. 2003;3:58-64. [Persian]
[31]Jamali R, Zaree kar B, Yousofi S, Ghazanchaee A. Comparison of visual sensitivity of direct microscopy and culture methods for detection of T. vaginalis vaginalis referring to Tabriz health centers. J Lorestan Univ Med Sci. 2006;3:79-84. [Persian]
[32]Mayta H, Gilman RH, Calderon MM, Gottlieb A, Soto G, Tuero I, et al. 18S ribosomal DNA-based PCR for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(7):2683-87.
[33]Rabbani M, Saberi B, Mardanian F. Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection by PCR method. J Med Sci Shahre kord. 2010;5:4-9. [Persian]
[34]Sharifi I, Khatami M, Tahmores, Kermani E. Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis in women referred to Vali-Asr polyclinic and the health center number 3 in Sirjan city. J Kerman Univ Med Sci.1994;1(3):125-32.
[35]Sharbatdaran M, Shefaei Sh, Sami H, Haji Ahmadi M, Ramezanpour R, Mersadi N, et al. Comparison of clinical presentations, wet smear, Papanicolaou smear with Dorset’s culture for diagnosis of Trichomonas Vaginalis in doubtful women to Trichomoniasis. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2005;7(3)46-9.
[36]Rosenberg MJ, Davidson AJ, Chen JH, Judson FN, Douglas JM. Barrier Contraceptives & sexual transmitted Disease. Am J Public Health. 1992;82(5):669-74.
[2]Queza MI, Rivera WL. Diagnosis and molecular characterization of Trichomonas vaginalis in sex workers in the Philippines. Pathog Glob Health. 2013;107(3):136-40.
[3]Pattman RS. Recalcitrant vaginal trichomoniasis. Sex Transm Infect. 1999;75(2):127-8.
[4]Miranda AE, Pinto VM, Gaydos CA. Trichomonas vaginalis infection among young pregnant women in Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis. 2014;18(6):669-71.
[5]Valadkhani Z, Kazemi F, Assmar M, Amirkhani A, Esfandeari B, Lotfi M, et al. Molecular diagnosis of trichomoniasis in negative samples examined by direct smear and culture. Iran J Parasitol. 2010;5(4):31-6.
[6]Francis SC, Ao TT, Vanobberghen FM, Chilongani J, Hashim R, Andreasen A, et al. Epidemiology of curable sexually transmitted infections among women at increased risk for HIV in northwestern Tanzania: Inadequacy of syndromic management. PLoS One. 2014;15;9(7):101221.
[7]Saleh AM, Abdalla HS, Satti AB, Babiker SM, Gasim GI, Adam I. Diagnosis of Trichomonous vaginalis by microscopy, latex agglutination, diamond's media, and PCR in symptomatic women, Khartoum, Sudan. Diagn Pathol. 2014;9;9:49.
[8]Madico G, Quinn TC, Rompalo A, Mackee KT, Gaydos CA. Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection by PCR using vaginal swab samples. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36(11):3205-10.
[9]Paul H, Peter D, Pulimood SA, Abraham OC, Mathai E, Prasad JH, et al. Role of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals from India (South). Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2012;78(3):323-7.
[10]Felleisen R. Comparative sequence analysis of 5.8S rRNA genes and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions of trichomonadid protozoa. Parasitology. 1997;115( Pt 2):111-9.
[11]Lin PR, Shaio MF, Liu JY. One-tube, nested-PCR assay for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal discharges. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997;91(1):61-5.
[12]van Der Schee C, van Belkum A, Zwijgers L, van Der Brugge E, O'neill EL, Luijendijk A, et al. Improved diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection by PCR using vaginal swabs and urine specimens compared to diagnosis by wet mount microscopy, culture, and fluorescent staining. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37(12):4127-30.
[13]Musatovova O, Alderete JF. The Trichomonas vaginalis phenotypically varying P270 immunogen is highly conserved except for numbers of repeated elements. Microb Pathog. 1999; 27(2):93-104.
[14]Mazloumi AS, Namazi A, Sehhati F. prevalence & risk factores of trichomoniasis among women in Tabriz. Iran J Clin Infect Dis. 2008;3(2):67-71.
[15]Bafghi AF, Aflatoonian A, Barzegar K, Ghafourzadeh M, Nabipour S. Frequency distribution of trichomoniasis in pregnant women referred to health centers of Ardakan, Meibod and Yazd, Iran. Jondishapour J Microbiol. 2009;2(4):132-9.
[16]Valadkhani Z, Asmar M, Esfandiari B, Amirkhani A, Hassan N, Lotfi M. Trichomoniasis in Asymptomatic patients. Iran J Public Health. 2008;37(3):113-7.
[17]Valadkhani Z, Asmar M, Hassan N, Aghigh Z, Amirkhani A, Kazemi F, et al. Prevalence of trichomoniasis in high-risk behavior group women attending penitentiaries clinic of Tehran province. Giornale Italiano di Medicina Tropicale. 2010;14(1-4):43-6.
[18]Matini M, Rezaie S, Mohebali M, Maghsood A, Rabiee S, Fallah M, Rezaeian M. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Hamadan City, Western Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2012; 7(2):67-72.
[19]Nourian A, Shabani N, Fazaeli A, Mousavinasab N. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Pregnant Women in Zanjan, Northwest of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2013;6(8):7258.
[20]Dalimi Asl A, Shirbazoo Sh, Ghaffari far F, Jorjani A. Molecular detection of Trichomonas vaginalis using gene amplification of 18srRNA by PCR. Kowsar Medical Journal. 2008.3:179-84.
[21]Katiyar SK, Edlind TD. Beta-tubulin genes of Trichomonas vaginalis. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1994;64(1):33-42.
[22]Secor WE, Meites E, Starr MC, Workowski KA. Neglected parasitic infections in the United States: trichomoniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;90(5):800-4.
[23]Lawing LF, Hedges SR, Schwebke JR. Detection of trichomonosis in vaginal and urine specimens from women by culture and PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(10):3585-8.
[24]Anorlu R, Imosemi D, Odunukwe N, Abudu O, Otuonye M. Prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in patients with vaginah discharge in hagos, Nigeria. J Natl Med Assoc. 2004;96(3):367-71.
[25]López-Monteon A, Gómez-Figueroa FS, Ramos-Poceros G, Guzmán-Gómez D, Ramos-Ligonio A. Codetection of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans by PCR in urine samples in a low-risk population attended in a clinic first level in central Veracruz, Mexico. Biomed Res Int. 2013;281892.
[26]Mazloumi AS, Namazi A, Sehhati F. prevalence & risk factores of trichomoniasis among women in Tabriz. Iran J Clin Infect Dis. 2008;3(2):67-71.
[27]Moshfe A, Hosseini S. Comparison of clinical & microscopis diagnosis of trichomoniasis refferd to the Yasouj women clinics. J Armaghan e Danesh.2004;9(33):81-5.
[28]Farahmand M, Rezaeian M. The prevalence of trichomoniasis in women attending family planning clinics using medium and direct observation in Tehran. J Med Pur. 1996;22:27-31. [Persian]
[29]Rashdi S, Ziaee H, Yaqhoubi T. Health behaviors of women with trichomoniasis treatment centers in Sari. National Congress of Nursing and Midwifery Care. J School Nurs Midwifery Allied Kermanshah. 2002;1:50. [Persian]
[30]Bakhshandeh S, Ghaemi A, Behnam pour N, Rezaee M. Etiologic agents of vaginal infections in women attending a gynecology clinic Daryan Hospital in Gorgan. J Secrets. 2003;3:58-64. [Persian]
[31]Jamali R, Zaree kar B, Yousofi S, Ghazanchaee A. Comparison of visual sensitivity of direct microscopy and culture methods for detection of T. vaginalis vaginalis referring to Tabriz health centers. J Lorestan Univ Med Sci. 2006;3:79-84. [Persian]
[32]Mayta H, Gilman RH, Calderon MM, Gottlieb A, Soto G, Tuero I, et al. 18S ribosomal DNA-based PCR for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(7):2683-87.
[33]Rabbani M, Saberi B, Mardanian F. Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection by PCR method. J Med Sci Shahre kord. 2010;5:4-9. [Persian]
[34]Sharifi I, Khatami M, Tahmores, Kermani E. Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis in women referred to Vali-Asr polyclinic and the health center number 3 in Sirjan city. J Kerman Univ Med Sci.1994;1(3):125-32.
[35]Sharbatdaran M, Shefaei Sh, Sami H, Haji Ahmadi M, Ramezanpour R, Mersadi N, et al. Comparison of clinical presentations, wet smear, Papanicolaou smear with Dorset’s culture for diagnosis of Trichomonas Vaginalis in doubtful women to Trichomoniasis. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2005;7(3)46-9.
[36]Rosenberg MJ, Davidson AJ, Chen JH, Judson FN, Douglas JM. Barrier Contraceptives & sexual transmitted Disease. Am J Public Health. 1992;82(5):669-74.