@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2019;25(1):22-28
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2019;25(1):22-28
The Protective Effect of High Intensity Interval Training Preconditioning on Ischemia Reperfusion-Injury in Ageing Rats
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Fatahi A (1)Azizbeigi K (1)
Ranjbar K. (*)
Mohammadzade K. (1)
(*) Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
(1) Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
Correspondence
Address: faculty of physical education and sport science, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, IranPhone: +9809187808747
Fax: 076- 33665510
kamal_ranjbar2010@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: June 19, 2018Accepted: November 24, 2018
ePublished: January 27, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
The heart resistance to ischemia decreases with aging. Exercise training by
preconditioning decreases ischemia reperfusion-injury. Therefore the aim of the present study
was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training on ischemia reperfusion-injury
in ageing rats.
Materials & Methods In this experimental study, 20 ageing male wistar rats (20 months old) were randomly distributed in control (n=10) and training groups (n=10). The training group performed high intensity interval training for 8 weeks. 48 hours after last exercise session, rats were subjected to ischemia via LAD artery ligation for 30 min followed by 90 min reperfusion. After reperfusion, stress oxidative indices and infarction size were measured. To evaluate the difference between groups, independent t-test was used with significant level of p ≤0.05.
Findings GPX, Catalase and MDA were not different between two groups, but GSH was more in training rats compared with control groups (p=0.05). Infarction size in response to training decreased by 7% compared with control rats (p=0.001).
Conclusion The results of this study showed that 8 weeks of high intensity interval training probably decrease ischemia reperfusion injury by antioxidant capacity promotion.
Materials & Methods In this experimental study, 20 ageing male wistar rats (20 months old) were randomly distributed in control (n=10) and training groups (n=10). The training group performed high intensity interval training for 8 weeks. 48 hours after last exercise session, rats were subjected to ischemia via LAD artery ligation for 30 min followed by 90 min reperfusion. After reperfusion, stress oxidative indices and infarction size were measured. To evaluate the difference between groups, independent t-test was used with significant level of p ≤0.05.
Findings GPX, Catalase and MDA were not different between two groups, but GSH was more in training rats compared with control groups (p=0.05). Infarction size in response to training decreased by 7% compared with control rats (p=0.001).
Conclusion The results of this study showed that 8 weeks of high intensity interval training probably decrease ischemia reperfusion injury by antioxidant capacity promotion.
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Momeni KH, Karimi H. Comparison of mental health between elderly admitted in sanitarium with elderly in sited in personal home. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2011;14(4):1-7.
[3]van den Munckhof I, Riksen N, Seeger JP, Schreuder TH, Borm GF, Eijsvogels TM, et al. Aging attenuates the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning against endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2013;304(12):H1727-32.
[4]Anuncibay-Soto B, Pérez-Rodríguez D, Llorente IL, Regueiro-Purriños M, Gonzalo-Orden JM, Fernández-López A. Age-dependent modifications in vascular adhesion molecules and apoptosis after 48-h reperfusion in a rat global cerebral ischemia model. Age (Dordr). 2014;36(5):9703.
[5]Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2009;119(3):e21-181.
[6]Lakatta EG, Sollott SJ. Perspectives on mammalian cardiovascular aging: humans to molecules. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2002;132(4):699-721.
[7]Fan Q, Chen M, Fang X, Lau WB, Xue L, Zhao L, et al. Aging might augment reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and affect reactive nitrogen species (RNS) level after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in both humans and rats. Age (Dordr). 2013;35(4):1017-26.
[8]Moens AL, Claeys MJ, Timmermans JP, Vrints CJ. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-injury, a clinical view on a complex pathophysiological process. Int J Cardiol. 2005;100(2):179-90.
[9]Yellon DM, Baxter GF. Protecting the ischaemic and reperfused myocardium in acute myocardial infarction: distant dream or near reality?. Heart. 2000;83(4):381-7.
[10]Sandri M, Viehmann M, Adams V, Rabald K, Mangner N, Höllriegel R, et al. Chronic heart failure and aging - effects of exercise training on endothelial function and mechanisms of endothelial regeneration: Results from the Leipzig Exercise Intervention in Chronic heart failure and Aging (LEICA) study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(4):349-58.
[11]Zhu L, Ye T, Tang Q, Wang Y, Wu X, Li H, et al. Exercise preconditioning regulates the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κb signaling pathway and reduces cerebral ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory injury: a study in rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;25(11):2770-9.
[12]Margonato V, Milano G, Allibardi S, Merati G, de Jonge R, Samaja M. Swim training improves myocardial resistance to ischemia in rats. Int J Sport Med. 2000;21(3):163-7.
[13]Lee TC, Burghardt AJ, Yao W, Lane NE, Majumdar S, Gullberg GT, et al. Improved trabecular bone structure of 20-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats. Calcif Tissue Int. 2014;95(3):282-91.
[14]Boudenot A, Presle N, Uzbekov R, Toumi H, Pallu S, Lespessailles E. Effect of interval-training exercise on subchondral bone in a chemically-induced osteoarthritis model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22(8):1176-85.
[15]Yadegari M, Mirdar Harijani SH, Hamidiyan GHR, Ebrahimi M. Effects of high-intensity interval training on chronic inflammation of lung tissue in healthy rats. J Biomed Health. 2017;2(3):137-49.
[16]Ranjbar K, Zarrinkalam E, Salehi I, Komaki A, Fayazi B. Cardioprotective effect of resistance training and crataegus oxyacantha extract on ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;100:455-60.
[17]Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976;72:248-54.
[18]Sedlak J, Lindsay RH. Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent. Anal Biochem. 1968;25(1):192-205.
[19]Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121-6.
[20]Mihara M, Uchiyama M. Determination of malonaldehyde precursor in tissues by thiobarbituric acid test. Anal Biochem. 1978;86(1):271-8.
[21]Ranjbar K, Nazem F, Nazari A. Effect of exercise training and L-arginine on oxidative stress and left ventricular function in the post-ischemic failing rat heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2016;16(2):122-9.
[22]Powers SK, Demirel HA, Vincent HK, Coombes JS, Naito H, Hamilton KL, et al. Exercise training improves myocardial tolerance to in vivo ischemia-reperfusion in the rat. Am J Physiol. 1998;275(5):R1468-77.
[23]Demirel HA, Powers SK, Caillaud C, Coombes JS, Naito H, Fletcher LA, et al. Exercise training reduces myocardial lipid peroxidation following short-term ischemia-reperfusion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(8):1211-6.
[24]Quindry J, French J, Hamilton K, Lee Y, Mehta JL, Powers S. Exercise training provides cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion induced apoptosis in young and old animals. Exp Gerontol. 2005;40(5):416-25.
[25]Calvert JW, Lefer DJ. Role of β-adrenergic receptors and nitric oxide signaling in exercise-mediated cardioprotection. Physiology (Bethesda). 2013;28(4):216-24.
[26]Marius-Daniel R, Stelian S, Dragomir C. The effect of acute physical exercise on the antioxidant status of the skeletal and cardiac muscle in the Wistar rat. Rom Biotechnol Lett. 2010;15(3):56-61.
[27]Bloomer RJ. Effect of exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem. 2008;46:1-50.
[28]Ribeiro-Samora G, Barbosa MH, Rabelo LA, Guedes GS, Favero M, Pereira LM, et al. Intensity and duration of exercise on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in patients with heart failure. Eur Respir Soc; 2015.46(4):4819-27.
[29]Wisløff U, Støylen A, Loennechen JP, Bruvold M, Rognmo Ø, Haram PM, et al. Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: a randomized study. Circulation. 2007;115(24):3086-94.
[30]Cardozo GG, Oliveira RB, Farinatti PT. Effects of high intensity interval versus moderate continuous training on markers of ventilatory and cardiac efficiency in coronary heart disease patients. ScientificWorldJournal. 2015;2015:192479.
[31]Conraads VM, Pattyn N, De Maeyer C, Beckers PJ, Coeckelberghs E, Cornelissen VA, et al. Aerobic interval training and continuous training equally improve aerobic exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease: the SAINTEX-CAD study. Int J Cardiol. 2015;179:203-10.
[32]Tschentscher M, Eichinger J, Egger A, Droese S, Schönfelder M, Niebauer J. High-intensity interval training is not superior to other forms of endurance training during cardiac rehabilitation. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(1):14-20.
[33]Lennon SL, Quindry JC, French JP, Kim S, Mehta JL, Powers SK. Exercise and myocardial tolerance to ischaemia-reperfusion. Acta Physiol Scand. 2004;182(2):161-9.
[34]Simkhovich BZ, Marjoram P, Poizat C, Kedes L, Kloner RA. Age-related changes of cardiac gene expression following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003;420(2):268-78.
[35]Devan AE, Umpierre D, Harrison ML, Lin HF, Tarumi T, Renzi CP, et al. Endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans: association with age and habitual exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011;300(3):H813-9.
[2]Momeni KH, Karimi H. Comparison of mental health between elderly admitted in sanitarium with elderly in sited in personal home. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2011;14(4):1-7.
[3]van den Munckhof I, Riksen N, Seeger JP, Schreuder TH, Borm GF, Eijsvogels TM, et al. Aging attenuates the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning against endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2013;304(12):H1727-32.
[4]Anuncibay-Soto B, Pérez-Rodríguez D, Llorente IL, Regueiro-Purriños M, Gonzalo-Orden JM, Fernández-López A. Age-dependent modifications in vascular adhesion molecules and apoptosis after 48-h reperfusion in a rat global cerebral ischemia model. Age (Dordr). 2014;36(5):9703.
[5]Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2009;119(3):e21-181.
[6]Lakatta EG, Sollott SJ. Perspectives on mammalian cardiovascular aging: humans to molecules. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2002;132(4):699-721.
[7]Fan Q, Chen M, Fang X, Lau WB, Xue L, Zhao L, et al. Aging might augment reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and affect reactive nitrogen species (RNS) level after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in both humans and rats. Age (Dordr). 2013;35(4):1017-26.
[8]Moens AL, Claeys MJ, Timmermans JP, Vrints CJ. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-injury, a clinical view on a complex pathophysiological process. Int J Cardiol. 2005;100(2):179-90.
[9]Yellon DM, Baxter GF. Protecting the ischaemic and reperfused myocardium in acute myocardial infarction: distant dream or near reality?. Heart. 2000;83(4):381-7.
[10]Sandri M, Viehmann M, Adams V, Rabald K, Mangner N, Höllriegel R, et al. Chronic heart failure and aging - effects of exercise training on endothelial function and mechanisms of endothelial regeneration: Results from the Leipzig Exercise Intervention in Chronic heart failure and Aging (LEICA) study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(4):349-58.
[11]Zhu L, Ye T, Tang Q, Wang Y, Wu X, Li H, et al. Exercise preconditioning regulates the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κb signaling pathway and reduces cerebral ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory injury: a study in rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;25(11):2770-9.
[12]Margonato V, Milano G, Allibardi S, Merati G, de Jonge R, Samaja M. Swim training improves myocardial resistance to ischemia in rats. Int J Sport Med. 2000;21(3):163-7.
[13]Lee TC, Burghardt AJ, Yao W, Lane NE, Majumdar S, Gullberg GT, et al. Improved trabecular bone structure of 20-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats. Calcif Tissue Int. 2014;95(3):282-91.
[14]Boudenot A, Presle N, Uzbekov R, Toumi H, Pallu S, Lespessailles E. Effect of interval-training exercise on subchondral bone in a chemically-induced osteoarthritis model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22(8):1176-85.
[15]Yadegari M, Mirdar Harijani SH, Hamidiyan GHR, Ebrahimi M. Effects of high-intensity interval training on chronic inflammation of lung tissue in healthy rats. J Biomed Health. 2017;2(3):137-49.
[16]Ranjbar K, Zarrinkalam E, Salehi I, Komaki A, Fayazi B. Cardioprotective effect of resistance training and crataegus oxyacantha extract on ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;100:455-60.
[17]Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976;72:248-54.
[18]Sedlak J, Lindsay RH. Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent. Anal Biochem. 1968;25(1):192-205.
[19]Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121-6.
[20]Mihara M, Uchiyama M. Determination of malonaldehyde precursor in tissues by thiobarbituric acid test. Anal Biochem. 1978;86(1):271-8.
[21]Ranjbar K, Nazem F, Nazari A. Effect of exercise training and L-arginine on oxidative stress and left ventricular function in the post-ischemic failing rat heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2016;16(2):122-9.
[22]Powers SK, Demirel HA, Vincent HK, Coombes JS, Naito H, Hamilton KL, et al. Exercise training improves myocardial tolerance to in vivo ischemia-reperfusion in the rat. Am J Physiol. 1998;275(5):R1468-77.
[23]Demirel HA, Powers SK, Caillaud C, Coombes JS, Naito H, Fletcher LA, et al. Exercise training reduces myocardial lipid peroxidation following short-term ischemia-reperfusion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(8):1211-6.
[24]Quindry J, French J, Hamilton K, Lee Y, Mehta JL, Powers S. Exercise training provides cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion induced apoptosis in young and old animals. Exp Gerontol. 2005;40(5):416-25.
[25]Calvert JW, Lefer DJ. Role of β-adrenergic receptors and nitric oxide signaling in exercise-mediated cardioprotection. Physiology (Bethesda). 2013;28(4):216-24.
[26]Marius-Daniel R, Stelian S, Dragomir C. The effect of acute physical exercise on the antioxidant status of the skeletal and cardiac muscle in the Wistar rat. Rom Biotechnol Lett. 2010;15(3):56-61.
[27]Bloomer RJ. Effect of exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem. 2008;46:1-50.
[28]Ribeiro-Samora G, Barbosa MH, Rabelo LA, Guedes GS, Favero M, Pereira LM, et al. Intensity and duration of exercise on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in patients with heart failure. Eur Respir Soc; 2015.46(4):4819-27.
[29]Wisløff U, Støylen A, Loennechen JP, Bruvold M, Rognmo Ø, Haram PM, et al. Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: a randomized study. Circulation. 2007;115(24):3086-94.
[30]Cardozo GG, Oliveira RB, Farinatti PT. Effects of high intensity interval versus moderate continuous training on markers of ventilatory and cardiac efficiency in coronary heart disease patients. ScientificWorldJournal. 2015;2015:192479.
[31]Conraads VM, Pattyn N, De Maeyer C, Beckers PJ, Coeckelberghs E, Cornelissen VA, et al. Aerobic interval training and continuous training equally improve aerobic exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease: the SAINTEX-CAD study. Int J Cardiol. 2015;179:203-10.
[32]Tschentscher M, Eichinger J, Egger A, Droese S, Schönfelder M, Niebauer J. High-intensity interval training is not superior to other forms of endurance training during cardiac rehabilitation. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(1):14-20.
[33]Lennon SL, Quindry JC, French JP, Kim S, Mehta JL, Powers SK. Exercise and myocardial tolerance to ischaemia-reperfusion. Acta Physiol Scand. 2004;182(2):161-9.
[34]Simkhovich BZ, Marjoram P, Poizat C, Kedes L, Kloner RA. Age-related changes of cardiac gene expression following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003;420(2):268-78.
[35]Devan AE, Umpierre D, Harrison ML, Lin HF, Tarumi T, Renzi CP, et al. Endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans: association with age and habitual exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011;300(3):H813-9.