ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Case Series

Authors

Ghasemi   F. (*)
Karimi   M. (1)






(*) Clinical Psychology Department, Medicine Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(1) Clinical Psychology Department, Medicine Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Clinical Psychology Department, Medicine Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Molla Sadra Street, Vanak Square, Tehran, Iran
Phone: -
Fax: -
parnia.ghasemi11@gmail.com

Article History

Received:   July  2, 2018
Accepted:   November 22, 2018
ePublished:   December 31, 2018

ABSTRACT

Aims Body dysmorphic disorder is one of the unknown and resistant to treatment disorders. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing and investigating the effect of behavioral-cognitive-metacognitive intervention on the severity of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms.
Patient & Methods The present study is a case report, in which 3 outpatient military personnel with body dysmorphic disorder were studied in one of the counseling centers of Isfahan during the 2012 to 2013. The research tool was a demographic questionnaire and modified Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale.
Findings In 3 cases, the decreasing process of body dysmorphic disorder was observed during the intervention sessions and follow-up period.
Conclusion Behavioral-cognitive-metacognitive intervention affects severity of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and reduces the severity of the disease.

Keywords: Treatment , Body Dysmorphic Disorder , Behavior , Cognition , Metacognition , Case Report,

CITATION LINKS

[1]American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th edition. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
[2]Williams J, Hadjistavropoulos T, Sharpe D. A meta-analysis of psychological and pharmacological treatments for body dysmorphic disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(1):99-111.
[3]Veale D, Gledhill LJ, Christodoulou P, Hodsoll J. Body dysmorphic disorder in different settings: A systematic review and estimated weighted prevalence. Body Image. 2016;18:168-86.
[4] Prazeres AM, Nascimento AL, Fontenelle LF. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: a review of its efficacy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2013;9:307-16.
[5]Sulkowski ML, Mancil TL, Jordan C, Reid A, Chakoff E, Storch EA. Validation of a classification system of obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorder symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Psychiatry Res. 2011;188(1):65-70.
[6]American Psychiatric Association DSM-V development. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. Available from: http: dsm5.org/proposed revision/Pages/ObsessiveCompulsiveandRelatedDisorders.aspx2012
[7] Philips KA. Understanding body dysmorphic disorder. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009.
[8]Rabiei M1, Mulkens S, Kalantari M, Molavi H, Bahrami F. Metacognitive therapy for body dysmorphic disorder patients in Iran: Acceptability and proof of concept. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2012;43(2):724-9.
[9] Rachman S, Hodgson R, Marks IM. The treatment of chronic obsessive-compulsive neurosis. Behav Res Ther. 1971;9(3):237-47.
[10]Wells A, Marrison T. Qualitative dimensions of normal worry and normal intrusive thoughts: A comparative study. Behav Res Ther. 1994;32(8):867-70.
[11]Rachman S, Hodgson R. Obsessions and compulsions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1980.
[12]Rabiei, M., Kalantari, M., Asgari, K., Bahrami, F. Factor structure, validity and reliability of the skin picking scale revised version. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2014;16(4):40-4. [Persian]
[13]Kerlinger FN, Lee HB. Foundations of behavioral research. 4th edition. Holt, NY: Harcourt College Publishers; 2000.
[14]Rabiei M. Metacognitive therapy for body dysmorphic disorder patients [Dissertation]. Isfahan: University of Isfahan; 2010. [Persian]
[15]Phillips KA, Hollander E, Rasmussen SA, Aronowitz BR, DeCaria C, Goodman WK. A severity rating scale for body dysmorphic disorder: Development, reliability, and validity of a modified version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1997;33(1):17-22.
[16]Rabiei M, Khormdel K, Kalantari K, Molavi H. Validity of the yale- brown obsessive compulsive scale modified for body dysmorphic disorder (bdd) in students of the University of Isfahan. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2010;15:343-50. [Persian]
[17]Rabiei M. Body dysmorphic disorder. Tehran: Arjmand Press; 2015. [Persian]
[18]Khormdel K, Rabiei M, Molavi H. Psychometric properties of thought fusion instrument (TFI) in students. Iran J Psy Clin Psychol. 2010;16(1):74-8. [Persian]
[19]Ahmad M, Rabiei M. The effect of metacognitive intervention on symptoms of patient with body dysmorphic disorder. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci. 2011;18(1):26-32. [Persian]
[20]Rabiei M, Salahian A, Bahrami F, Palahang H. Construction and standardization of the body dysmorphic metacognition questionnaire. J Mazand Univ Med Sci. 2011;21(83):43-52. [Persian]
[21]Rabiei M, Salahian A, Kajbaf MB, Palahang H. Efficacy of metacognitive therapy in reducing thoughts fusion in outpatients with body dysmorphic disorder. Horizon Med Sci. 2012;18(1):53-9. [Persian]
[22]Rabiei M. Development of a causal behavioral-cognitive-metacognitive model for explaining the class of obsessive-compulsive disorders and the effect of intervention based on the model on severity of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorders. [Dissertation]. Isfahan: University of Isfahan; 2013. [Persian]
[23]Rabiei M. Qbsessive-compulsive disorders. Tehran: Danjeh Press; 2013. [Persian]
[24]Cooper M, Osman S. Metacognition in body dysmorphic disorder -- a preliminary exploration. J Cogn Psychother. 2007;21(2):148-55.
[25] Rachman S. Obsessions, responsibility and guilt. Behav Res Ther. 1993;31(2):149-54.
[26]Wells A. Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. New York: Guilford Press; 2011.
[27]Wells A, King P. Metacognitive therapy for generalize anxiety disorder: An open trail. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2006;37(3):206-12.