@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2019;11(2):73-78
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2019;11(2):73-78
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the Competitive-State Anxiety of warfare victims who are Professional Athletes
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Rezapour Mirsaleh Y (1)Esmaeelbeigi M (1)
Salari H (*2)
(*2) Physical Education Department, Humanities & Social Sciences Faculty, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
(1) Counseling Department, Humanities & Social Sciences Faculty, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
(1) Counseling Department, Humanities & Social Sciences Faculty, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: September 11, 2018Accepted: November 11, 2018
ePublished: May 15, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
The competitive state anxiety refers to all the temporary excitement of the athlete in the competitive environment of the sport, which is associated with concern and tension. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the competitive state anxiety of veterans, who are football athletes.
Materials & Methods This study was a semi-experimental research with post-test pre-test and follow-up design with control group conducted on 30 veterans, who were football athletes in Yazd province in 2013-2012. They were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to control and study group (Each group is 15 people). In study group, participants received 8 training sessions (each session took 120 minutes) based on acceptance and commitment therapy and control group received no intervention. The instrument of the research was the competitive state anxiety questionnaire of Martens et al. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test, using SPSS 20 software.
Findings There was a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the study group and the control group. In other words, acceptance and commitment therapy resulted in a significant increase in self-confidence scores and a significant decrease in physical and cognitive anxiety scores in athletes (p<0.01). This improvement was persistent until follow-up.
Conclusion Acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in reducing the level of anxiety (cognitive and physical) and increasing self-confidence in veterans, who are football athletes.
Materials & Methods This study was a semi-experimental research with post-test pre-test and follow-up design with control group conducted on 30 veterans, who were football athletes in Yazd province in 2013-2012. They were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to control and study group (Each group is 15 people). In study group, participants received 8 training sessions (each session took 120 minutes) based on acceptance and commitment therapy and control group received no intervention. The instrument of the research was the competitive state anxiety questionnaire of Martens et al. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test, using SPSS 20 software.
Findings There was a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the study group and the control group. In other words, acceptance and commitment therapy resulted in a significant increase in self-confidence scores and a significant decrease in physical and cognitive anxiety scores in athletes (p<0.01). This improvement was persistent until follow-up.
Conclusion Acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in reducing the level of anxiety (cognitive and physical) and increasing self-confidence in veterans, who are football athletes.
CITATION LINKS
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[12]Steffen K, Pensgaard AM, Bahr R. Selfâreported psychological characteristics as risk factors for injuries in female youth football. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009;19(3):442-51.
[13]John S, Verma SK, Khanna GL. The effect of mindfulness meditation on HPA-Axis in pre-competition stress in sports performance of elite shooters. Natl J Integr Res Med. 2011;2(3):15-21.
[14]Sharp K. A review of acceptance and commitment therapy with anxiety disorders. Int J Psycol Psycol Ther. 2012;12(3):359-72.
[15]Codd III RT, Twohig MP, Crosby JM, Enno A. Treatment of three anxiety disorder cases with acceptance and commitment therapy in a private practice. J Cogn Psychother. 2011;25(3):203-17.
[16]Arbab B, Vaez Mousavi SMK, Badami R. The relation between sports perfectionism and competitive anxiety in women's national karate team. J Res Sports Manage Motor Behav. 2016;5(10):27-35. [Persian]
[17]Sardaripour M, Ahadi, H. The role of cognitive and somatic anxiety in athletic performance. Educ Psycol. 2009;5(15):111-26. [Persian]
[18]Caddick N, Smith B. The impact of sport and physical activity on the well-being of combat veterans: A systematic review. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2014;15(1):9-18.
[19]Drury J, Williams R. Children and young people who are refugees, internally displaced persons or survivors or perpetrators of war, mass violence and terrorism. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012;25(4):277-84.
[20]Yazicioglu K, Yavuz F, Goktepe AS, Tan AK. Influence of adapted sports on quality of life and life satisfaction in sport participants and non-sport participants with physical disabilities. Disabil Health J. 2012;5(4):249-53.
[21]Hashim HA, Baghepour T. Validating the factorial structure of the Malaysian version of revised competitive state anxiety inventory-2 among young taekwondo athletes. Pertan J Soc Sci Hum. 2016;24(2):757-65.
[22]Mehrsafar AH, Khabiri M, Moghaddamzadeh A. Factorial validity and reliability of Persian version of competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2) in intensity, direction and frequency dimensions. J Dev Motor Learn. 2016;8(2):253-79. [Persian]
[23]Hayes SC. Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behav Ther. 2004;35(4):639-65.
[24]Walker S. Assessing the mental health consequences of military combat in Iraq and Afghanistan: a literature review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2010;17(9):790-6.
[2]Hatzigeorgiadis A, Biddle SJH. Negative self-talk during sport performance: relationships with pre-competition anxiety and goal-performance discrepancies. J Sport Behav. 2008;31(3):237-53.
[3]McGowan E, Prapavessis H, Wesch N. Self-presentational concerns and competitive anxiety. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008;30(3):383-400.
[4]Tsopani D, Dallas G, Skordilis EK. Competitive state anxiety and performance in young female rhythmic gymnasts. Percept Mot Skills. 2011;112(2):549-60.
[5]Isfahani, N, Ghezel Saflu, H. The relationship between self-confidence and performance of amateur and professional woman footballers on their anxiety of competition. J Woman Develop Politic. 2011;9(4):135-49. [Persian]
[6]Moritz SE, Feltz DL, Fahrbach KR, Mack DE. The relation of self-efficacy measures to sport performance: a meta-analytic review. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2000;71(3):280-94.
[7]Mamassis G, Doganis G. The effects of a mental training program on juniors pre-competitive anxiety, self-confidence, and tennis performance. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2004;16(2):118-37.
[8]Rokka S, Mavridis G, Bebetsos E, Mavridis K. Competitive state anxiety among junior handball players. Sport J. 2009;12(3):148-53.
[9]Bernier M, Thienot E, Codron R, Fournier JF. Mindfulness and acceptance approaches in sport performance. J Clin Sport Psychol. 2009;4(4):320-33.
[10]Hayes SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, Masuda A, Lillis J. Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(1):1-25.
[11]Hayes-Skelton SA, Orsillo SM, Roemer L. An acceptance-based behavioral therapy for individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. Cogn Behav Pract. 2013;20(3):264-81.
[12]Steffen K, Pensgaard AM, Bahr R. Selfâreported psychological characteristics as risk factors for injuries in female youth football. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009;19(3):442-51.
[13]John S, Verma SK, Khanna GL. The effect of mindfulness meditation on HPA-Axis in pre-competition stress in sports performance of elite shooters. Natl J Integr Res Med. 2011;2(3):15-21.
[14]Sharp K. A review of acceptance and commitment therapy with anxiety disorders. Int J Psycol Psycol Ther. 2012;12(3):359-72.
[15]Codd III RT, Twohig MP, Crosby JM, Enno A. Treatment of three anxiety disorder cases with acceptance and commitment therapy in a private practice. J Cogn Psychother. 2011;25(3):203-17.
[16]Arbab B, Vaez Mousavi SMK, Badami R. The relation between sports perfectionism and competitive anxiety in women's national karate team. J Res Sports Manage Motor Behav. 2016;5(10):27-35. [Persian]
[17]Sardaripour M, Ahadi, H. The role of cognitive and somatic anxiety in athletic performance. Educ Psycol. 2009;5(15):111-26. [Persian]
[18]Caddick N, Smith B. The impact of sport and physical activity on the well-being of combat veterans: A systematic review. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2014;15(1):9-18.
[19]Drury J, Williams R. Children and young people who are refugees, internally displaced persons or survivors or perpetrators of war, mass violence and terrorism. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012;25(4):277-84.
[20]Yazicioglu K, Yavuz F, Goktepe AS, Tan AK. Influence of adapted sports on quality of life and life satisfaction in sport participants and non-sport participants with physical disabilities. Disabil Health J. 2012;5(4):249-53.
[21]Hashim HA, Baghepour T. Validating the factorial structure of the Malaysian version of revised competitive state anxiety inventory-2 among young taekwondo athletes. Pertan J Soc Sci Hum. 2016;24(2):757-65.
[22]Mehrsafar AH, Khabiri M, Moghaddamzadeh A. Factorial validity and reliability of Persian version of competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2) in intensity, direction and frequency dimensions. J Dev Motor Learn. 2016;8(2):253-79. [Persian]
[23]Hayes SC. Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behav Ther. 2004;35(4):639-65.
[24]Walker S. Assessing the mental health consequences of military combat in Iraq and Afghanistan: a literature review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2010;17(9):790-6.