@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2019;6(3):145-151
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2019;6(3):145-151
Quality of Life and its Related Factors among Elderly People
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Cheraghi P. (1)Eskandari Z. (2)
Bozorgmehr Sh. (2)
Zanjari N. (3)
Cheraghi Z. (*4)
(*4) "Modeling of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center” and “Epidemiology Department, Health Faculty, Hamaden University of Medical Sciences, Hamaden, Iran
(1) Public Health Department, Public Health Faculty, Hamaden University of Medical Sciences, Hamaden, Iran
(2) Deputy of Health, Hamaden University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
(3) Ageing Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Health Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Pajhouhesh Four-way, Hamedan, IranPhone: +98 (81) 83830398
Fax: +98 (81) 38380509
z.cheraghi@umsha.ac.ir
Article History
Received: December 18, 2018Accepted: April 8, 2019
ePublished: September 21, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
Considering the increase of the elderly population, it is essential to investigate the social, physical and mental health of the elderly, which is related to their quality of life. The present study was conducted to assess the quality of life of elderly people in Hamadan province, Iran.
Instrument & Methods This descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out among 238 elderly males and females aged over 60, who referred to the health centers of Hamadan province. The subjects were selected using randomized stratified sampling method. The 36-item questionnaire (SF-36) was used to evaluation the dimensions of quality of life of the subjects. Data were analyzed using STATA 13 software through the independent T-test and one-way analysis of variance.
Findings The highest mean of quality of life was reported in the physical dimension and the subscale of pain (70.86±21.29) and the lowest mean was reported in the general health (24.10±89.29). The quality of life score in the subscales of physical and mental health dimensions in males was higher than the females, which this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, in the subscales of physical and mental health, the mean score of quality of life was higher in the married subjects and the subjects with higher education (p<0.05).
Conclusion The mean of quality of life in the dimensions of physical and mental health and their related subscales in the elderly people of Hamadan province is at the acceptable and moderate level and the lowest score is related to the general health. The quality of life is also lower in elderly females, and elderly people with low education, and single elderly people.
Instrument & Methods This descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out among 238 elderly males and females aged over 60, who referred to the health centers of Hamadan province. The subjects were selected using randomized stratified sampling method. The 36-item questionnaire (SF-36) was used to evaluation the dimensions of quality of life of the subjects. Data were analyzed using STATA 13 software through the independent T-test and one-way analysis of variance.
Findings The highest mean of quality of life was reported in the physical dimension and the subscale of pain (70.86±21.29) and the lowest mean was reported in the general health (24.10±89.29). The quality of life score in the subscales of physical and mental health dimensions in males was higher than the females, which this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Also, in the subscales of physical and mental health, the mean score of quality of life was higher in the married subjects and the subjects with higher education (p<0.05).
Conclusion The mean of quality of life in the dimensions of physical and mental health and their related subscales in the elderly people of Hamadan province is at the acceptable and moderate level and the lowest score is related to the general health. The quality of life is also lower in elderly females, and elderly people with low education, and single elderly people.
CITATION LINKS
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[18]Cheraghi Z, Doosti-Irani A, Nedjat S, Cheraghi P, Nedjat S. Quality of life in elderly Iranian population using the QOL-Brief Questionnaire: a systematic review. Iran J Public Health. 2016;45(8):978-85.
[19]Doosti-Irani A, Nedjat S, Nedjat S, Cheraghi P, Cheraghi Z. Quality of life in Iranian elderly population using the SF-36 questionnaire: systematic review and meta-analysis. East Mediterr Health J. 2019;24(11):1088-97.
[20]Koohi F, Nedjat S, Yaseri M, Cheraghi Z. Quality of life among general populations of different countries in the past 10 Years, with a focus on human development index: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J public health. 2017;46(1):12-22.
[21]Abbasi Moghadam MA, Dabiran S, Safdari R, Djafarian K. Quality of life and its relation to sociodemographic factors among elderly people living in Tehran. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2009;9(3):270-5.
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[24]Panahi R, Osmani F, Sahraei M , Ebrahimi S, Shamsinejad Gashti M , Javanmardi E. Relationship of Health Literacy and Quality of Life in Adults Residing in Karaj, Iran. J Educ Community Health. 2018;4(4):13-9. [Persian]
[25]Hossieni F, Mirzaei T, Ravari A, Akbari A. The relationship between health literacy and quality of life in retirement Rafsanjan University of medical sciences. J Health Literacy. 2016;1(2):92-9.
[26]Salimi F, Garmaroudi G, Hosseini SM, Batebi A. Effect of self–care educational program to improving quality of life among elderly referred to health centers in Zanjan. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2(2):28-37. [Persian]
[27]Farhadi A, Frughan M, Mohammadi F. The quality of life among rural elderlies a cross-sectional study. Salmand Iran J Ageing. 2011;6(20):38-48. [Persian]
[28]Thanakwang K, Soonthorndhada K, Mongkolprasoet J. Perspectives on healthy aging among Thai elderly: a qualitative study. Nurs Health Sci. 2012;14(4):472-9.
[29]Hasani F, Kamali M, Akbarfahimi M, Davatgaran K. Factors affecting quality of life of the elderly in the residential homes of Tehran (2009). J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2011;18(4):320-8. [Persian]
[30]Ahangari M, Kamali M, Arjmand Hesabi M. Quality of elderly's life in Tehran senile culture house clubs. Salmand Iran J Ageing. 2007;2(1):182-9. [Persian]
[31]Bazrafshan MR, Hosseini MA, Rahgozar M, Madah BS. Quality of elderly's life in Shiraz, Jahandidegan Club. Salmand Iran J Ageing. 2008;3(1):33-41. [Persian]
[32]Ghafari R, Rafiei M, Taherinejad M. Assessment of health related quality of life by SF-36 version 2 in general population of Qom city. J Arak Univ Med Sci. 2014;16(11):63-72. [Persian]
[33]Spangler SL. The relationship between quality of life and social support among adolescent survivors of childhood cancers [Dissertation]. Malibu, California: Pepperdine University; 2009.
[34]Rimaz S, Gharibnavaz H, Abolghasemi J, Seraji S. The relationship of different dimensions of social support with older adults’ quality of life in the 8th district of Tehran in 2013. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2(1):29-37. [Persian]
[35]Aghanouri A, Mahmoudi M, Asadi M, Mortaji F, Salehi H, Jafarian K. Quality of life and its relationship with quality of diet among elderly people in urban areas of Markazi province, Iran. J Arak Univ Med Sci. 2013;15(9):1-11. [Persian]
[36]Hekmatpou D, Shamsi M, Zamani M. The effect of a healthy lifestyle program on the elderly's health in Arak. Indian J Med Sci. 2013;67(3-4):70-7.
[37]Nejati V, Ashayeri H. Health related quality of life in the elderly in Kashan. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2008;14(1):56-61. [Persian]
[38]Farzianpour F, Hosseini S, Rostami M, Pordanjani SB, Hosseini SM. Quality of life of the elderly residents. Am J Appl Sci. 2012;9(1):71-4.
[39]Hesamzadeh A, Maddah SB, Mohammadi F, Fallahi Khoshknab M, Rahgozar M. Comparison of elderly’s "quality of life" living at homes and in private or public nursing homes. Salmand Iran J Ageing. 2010;4(14):66-74. [Persian]
[40]Apidechkul T. Comparison of quality of life and mental health among elderly people in rural and suburban areas, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2011;42(5):1282-92.
[41]Rezvani MR, Mansourian H, Ahmadadadi H, Ahmadabadi F, Parvai Here-Dasht S. An assessment on factors affecting the quality of life of elderly in rural regions (case study: neishabour county). J Rural Res. 2013;4(2):301-26. [Persian]
[2]World Health Organization. Proposed working definition of an older person in Africa for the MDS Project [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 [cited 2017 Feb 8]. Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/.
[3]Lutz W, Sanderson W, Scherbov S. The coming acceleration of global population ageing. Nature. 2008;451(7179):716-9.
[4]Couzner L, Ratcliffe J, Lester L, Flynn T, Crotty M. Measuring and valuing quality of life for public health research: application of the ICECAP-O capability index in the Australian general population. Int J Public Health. 2013;58(3):367-76.
[5]Nejat S. Quality of life and its measurement. Iran J Epidemiol. 1387;4(2):57-62. [Persian]
[6]World Health Organization. The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(10):1403-9.
[7]Alipoor F, Sajadi H, Foroozan A, Biglarian A. The role of social support in elderly quality of life. Soc Welfare Q. 2009;8(33):149-67. [Persian]
[8]Basakha M, Agheli Kohneshahri L, Masaeli A. Ranking the quality of life in Iran provinces. Soc Welfare Q. 2010;10(37):95-112. [Persian]
[9]Park K. Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine. 23rd Edition. India: Bhanot publisher; 2015. p. 14-43.
[10]Mohaqeqi Kamal SH, Sajadi H, Zare H, Biglarian A. Elderly quality of life: a comparison between pensioners of social security organization and national retirement fund. J Health Adm. 2007;10(27):49-56. [Persian]
[11]Nedjat S, Holakouie Naieni K, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh R, Montazeri A. Quality of life among an Iranian general population sample using the World Health Organization’s quality of life instrument (WHOQOL-BREF). Int J Public Health. 2011;56(1):55-61.
[12]Esbensen BA, Østerlind K, Hallberg IR. Quality of life of elderly persons with cancer: a 3-month follow-up. Cancer Nurs. 2006;29(3):214-24.
[13]Bond J, Corner L. Quality of life and older people. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education; 2004.
[14]Assantachai P, Maranetra N. Nationwide survey of the health status and quality of life of elderly Thais attending clubs for the elderly. J Med Assoc Thai. 2003;86(10):938-46.
[15]Naseh L, Sheikhi RA, Rafei F. Quality of life and its related factors among elderlies living in nursing homes. Iran J Nurs. 2014;27(87):67-78. [Persian]
[16]Statistical Center of Iran. Selected findings of the national housing and population census [Internet]. Tehran: Iran Data Portal; 2011 [cited 2017 Feb 8]. Available from: http://irandataportal.syr.edu/2011-census.
[17]Cheraghi P, Cheraghi Z, Doosti-Irani A, Nedjat S, Nedjat S. Quality of life in elderly Iranian population using Leiden-Padua questionnaire: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Prev Med. 2017;8:55.
[18]Cheraghi Z, Doosti-Irani A, Nedjat S, Cheraghi P, Nedjat S. Quality of life in elderly Iranian population using the QOL-Brief Questionnaire: a systematic review. Iran J Public Health. 2016;45(8):978-85.
[19]Doosti-Irani A, Nedjat S, Nedjat S, Cheraghi P, Cheraghi Z. Quality of life in Iranian elderly population using the SF-36 questionnaire: systematic review and meta-analysis. East Mediterr Health J. 2019;24(11):1088-97.
[20]Koohi F, Nedjat S, Yaseri M, Cheraghi Z. Quality of life among general populations of different countries in the past 10 Years, with a focus on human development index: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J public health. 2017;46(1):12-22.
[21]Abbasi Moghadam MA, Dabiran S, Safdari R, Djafarian K. Quality of life and its relation to sociodemographic factors among elderly people living in Tehran. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2009;9(3):270-5.
[22]Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med care. 1992;30(6):473-83.
[23]Montazeri A, Goshtasebi A, Vahdaninia M, Gandek B. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Qual Life Res. 2005;14(3):875-82.
[24]Panahi R, Osmani F, Sahraei M , Ebrahimi S, Shamsinejad Gashti M , Javanmardi E. Relationship of Health Literacy and Quality of Life in Adults Residing in Karaj, Iran. J Educ Community Health. 2018;4(4):13-9. [Persian]
[25]Hossieni F, Mirzaei T, Ravari A, Akbari A. The relationship between health literacy and quality of life in retirement Rafsanjan University of medical sciences. J Health Literacy. 2016;1(2):92-9.
[26]Salimi F, Garmaroudi G, Hosseini SM, Batebi A. Effect of self–care educational program to improving quality of life among elderly referred to health centers in Zanjan. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2(2):28-37. [Persian]
[27]Farhadi A, Frughan M, Mohammadi F. The quality of life among rural elderlies a cross-sectional study. Salmand Iran J Ageing. 2011;6(20):38-48. [Persian]
[28]Thanakwang K, Soonthorndhada K, Mongkolprasoet J. Perspectives on healthy aging among Thai elderly: a qualitative study. Nurs Health Sci. 2012;14(4):472-9.
[29]Hasani F, Kamali M, Akbarfahimi M, Davatgaran K. Factors affecting quality of life of the elderly in the residential homes of Tehran (2009). J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2011;18(4):320-8. [Persian]
[30]Ahangari M, Kamali M, Arjmand Hesabi M. Quality of elderly's life in Tehran senile culture house clubs. Salmand Iran J Ageing. 2007;2(1):182-9. [Persian]
[31]Bazrafshan MR, Hosseini MA, Rahgozar M, Madah BS. Quality of elderly's life in Shiraz, Jahandidegan Club. Salmand Iran J Ageing. 2008;3(1):33-41. [Persian]
[32]Ghafari R, Rafiei M, Taherinejad M. Assessment of health related quality of life by SF-36 version 2 in general population of Qom city. J Arak Univ Med Sci. 2014;16(11):63-72. [Persian]
[33]Spangler SL. The relationship between quality of life and social support among adolescent survivors of childhood cancers [Dissertation]. Malibu, California: Pepperdine University; 2009.
[34]Rimaz S, Gharibnavaz H, Abolghasemi J, Seraji S. The relationship of different dimensions of social support with older adults’ quality of life in the 8th district of Tehran in 2013. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2(1):29-37. [Persian]
[35]Aghanouri A, Mahmoudi M, Asadi M, Mortaji F, Salehi H, Jafarian K. Quality of life and its relationship with quality of diet among elderly people in urban areas of Markazi province, Iran. J Arak Univ Med Sci. 2013;15(9):1-11. [Persian]
[36]Hekmatpou D, Shamsi M, Zamani M. The effect of a healthy lifestyle program on the elderly's health in Arak. Indian J Med Sci. 2013;67(3-4):70-7.
[37]Nejati V, Ashayeri H. Health related quality of life in the elderly in Kashan. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2008;14(1):56-61. [Persian]
[38]Farzianpour F, Hosseini S, Rostami M, Pordanjani SB, Hosseini SM. Quality of life of the elderly residents. Am J Appl Sci. 2012;9(1):71-4.
[39]Hesamzadeh A, Maddah SB, Mohammadi F, Fallahi Khoshknab M, Rahgozar M. Comparison of elderly’s "quality of life" living at homes and in private or public nursing homes. Salmand Iran J Ageing. 2010;4(14):66-74. [Persian]
[40]Apidechkul T. Comparison of quality of life and mental health among elderly people in rural and suburban areas, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2011;42(5):1282-92.
[41]Rezvani MR, Mansourian H, Ahmadadadi H, Ahmadabadi F, Parvai Here-Dasht S. An assessment on factors affecting the quality of life of elderly in rural regions (case study: neishabour county). J Rural Res. 2013;4(2):301-26. [Persian]