@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(4):299-306
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(4):299-306
Effect of an Empowerment Program on Self-Efficacy of Epileptic Child's Mothers in Psychological Adaptation, Gaining Support and Receiving Information
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Gholami S. (*)Reyhani T. (1 )
Beiraghi Toosi M. (2)
Behnam Vashani H. (3)
(*) Operating Room Department, Nursing & Midwifery School, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences , Bojnurd, Iran
(1 ) Pediatric & Infant Department, Nursing & Midwifery School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
(2) Pediatric Department, Medicine School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
(3) Pediatric & Infant Department, Nursing & Midwifery School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Nursing & Midwifery School, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Shahriyar Street, Bojnurd, IranPhone: +98 (58) 32297097
Fax: +98 (58) 32297095
gholamis921@mums.ac.ir
Article History
Received: September 29, 2015Accepted: August 1, 2016
ePublished: October 1, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent childhood neurological disorders. As the primary caregivers, the mothers of epileptic children undergo different psychological pressures. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of empowerment on the self-efficacy of the mothers of the epileptic children, concerning psychological adaptation, gaining support, and receiving information.
Materials & Methods In the controlled two-group random clinical trial with pretest and posttest steps, 100 mothers of epileptic children hospitalized in the Neurology Ward of Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad were studied in 2014. The subjects, selected via convenience sampling method, were randomly divided into two groups including experimental (n=50) and control (n=50) groups. Data was collected using the caregiver’s self-efficacy questionnaire. Only experimental group received the empowerment program, and no intervention was conducted in control group. The mothers’ self-efficacy was measured before and after the intervention in both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software using independent T, paired T, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and covariance tests.
Findings The mean scores of self-efficacy, including psychological adjustment, gain a support, and receiving information, were not significantly different between the groups before the intervention (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the groups were significantly different after the intervention (p<0.001). In addition, the mean score after the intervention in experimental group was significantly higher than the score in the same group before the intervention (p<0.001).
Conclusion The empowerment program enhances the self-efficacy of the mothers of the epileptic children in psychological adjustment, gain a support, and receiving information.
Materials & Methods In the controlled two-group random clinical trial with pretest and posttest steps, 100 mothers of epileptic children hospitalized in the Neurology Ward of Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad were studied in 2014. The subjects, selected via convenience sampling method, were randomly divided into two groups including experimental (n=50) and control (n=50) groups. Data was collected using the caregiver’s self-efficacy questionnaire. Only experimental group received the empowerment program, and no intervention was conducted in control group. The mothers’ self-efficacy was measured before and after the intervention in both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software using independent T, paired T, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and covariance tests.
Findings The mean scores of self-efficacy, including psychological adjustment, gain a support, and receiving information, were not significantly different between the groups before the intervention (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the groups were significantly different after the intervention (p<0.001). In addition, the mean score after the intervention in experimental group was significantly higher than the score in the same group before the intervention (p<0.001).
Conclusion The empowerment program enhances the self-efficacy of the mothers of the epileptic children in psychological adjustment, gain a support, and receiving information.
CITATION LINKS
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[9]Singh B, Udainiya R. Self-efficacy and well-being of adolescents. J Indian Acad Appl Psychol. 2009;35(2):227-32.
[10]Kara M, van der Bijl JJ, Shortridge-Baggett LM, Asti T, Erguney S. Cross-cultural adaptation of the diabetes management self-efficacy scale for patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Scale development. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006;43(5):611-21.
[11]Zhang SY. Measurement and correlates of caregiver self-efficacy amongst family caregivers of persons with dementia living in Shanghai, China [Dissertation]. Shanghai: Zhejiang University; 2010.
[12]Farnalls S, Rennick J. Parents’ caregiving approaches: Facing a new treatment alternative in severe intractable childhood epilepsy. Seizure. 2003;12(1):1-10.
[13]Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan and Sadock`s synopsis of psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wlkins; 2007.
[14]Mahab R, Ebrahimi Moghadam H, Mirhashemi M. Investigate difference between girls and boys aged 6-12 with Epilepsy In respect to symptom. Int J Pharm Therap. 2013;4(4):261-4.
[15]Taghavi Larijani T, Sharifi N, Mehran A, Nazari S. Level of coping with stressors in parents of epileptic children. Hayat. 2006;12(2):63-71. [Persian]
[16]Barlow J, Powell L, Gilchrist M. The influence of the training and support programme on the self-efficacy and psychological well-being of parents of children with disabilities: A controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2006;12(1):55-63.
[17]KiKing S, Teplicky R, King G, Rosenbaum P. Family-centered service for children with cerebral palsy and their families: A review of the literature. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2014;11(1):78-86.
[18]Wohlrab GC, Rinnert S, Bettendorf U, Fischbach H, Heinen G, Klein P, et al. Famoses: A modular educational program for children with epilepsy and their parents. Epilepsy Behav. 2007;10(1):44-8.
[19]Masoodi R, Alhani F, Moghadassi J, Ghorbani M. The effect of family-centered empowerment model on skill, attitude, and knowledge of multiple sclerosis caregivers. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2010;17(2):87-97. [Persian]
[20]Kang JS, Choi SY, Ryu EJ. Effects of a breastfeeding mothers: A quasi-experimental study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2008;45(1):14-23.
[21]Jantzen S, Muller-Godeffory E, Hallfahrt-Krisl T, Aksu F, Pust B, Konl B, et al. FLIP&FLAP-A training programme for children and adolescents with epilepsy and their parents. Seizure. 2009;18(7):478-89.
[22]Salehzadeh M, Najafi M, Ebrahimi A. Effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral therapy on dysfunctional attitudes in epileptic patients. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2011;19(3):377-87. [Persian]
[23]Pfäfflin M, Petermann F, Rau J, May TW. The psychoeducational program for children with epilepsy and their parents (FAMOSES): Results of a controlled pilot study and a survey of parent satisfaction over a five-year period. Epilepsy Behav. 2012;25(1):11-6.
[24]Lotfi Kashani F. The effect of group counseling with regard to cognitive- behavioral approach on the decrease of dysfunctional attitude. Andisheh va Raftar. 2008;8(2):67-78. [Persian]
[25]Heidari A, Emami moghaddam Z, Ebrahim zade S, Dashtgerd A. The effect of Applying Bandura’s social-cognitive theory on addiction quitting in clients referred to clinic of addiction quitting at Imam Reza hospital of Mashhad [Dissertation]. Mashhad: Mashhad School of Nursing and Midwifery; 2009. [Persian]
[26]Soleimani E, Hoveida R. Bandura's social cognitive theory of self-study. Soc Sci J. 2012;63(17):91-7. [Persian]
[27]Kwok T, Wong B, Chui K, Young D, Ho F. Telephone-delivered psychoeducational intervention for Hong Kong Chinese dementia caregivers: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Clin Int Aging. 2013;8:1191-7.
[28]Hirfanoglu T, Serdaroglu A, Cansu A, Soysal S, Derle E, Gucuyener K. Do knowledge of, perception of, and attitudes toward epilepsy affect the quality of life of Turkish children with epilepsy and their parents?. Epilepsy Behav. 2009;14(1):71-7.
[29]Godarzi M, Ebrahimzadeh E, Rabie A, Saedipur B, Asgharigafarabadi M. Evaluation of relationship between knowledge, perception and attitudes with self-efficacy of diabetics patients in Karaj. Iran J Diabetes Lipid Disorders. 2012;11(3):269-81. [Persian]
[2]Readinga R, Haynes BR, Beach CR. Deprivation and incidence of epilepsy in children. Seizure. 2006;15(3):190-3.
[3]Aliasgharpour M, Dehgahn Nayeri N, Yadegary M, Haghani H. Effects of an educational program on self-management in patients with epilepsy. Seizure. 2013;22(1):48-52.
[4]Cole C, Pointu A, Mahadeshwar S, Dudley A. Community survey of carer’s: Individual epilepsy guidelines (IEG) for rescue medication. Seizure. 2009;18(3):220-4.
[5]Kaheni S, Rezvani Khorashad MR, Sharefzadeh GR, Nakhaee S. Incidence of epilepsia in school age childerens and teachers knowledge in Birjand elementary schools. Mod Care J. 2011;8(3):135-42. [Persian]
[6]Akay AP, Hiz Kurul S, Ozek H, Cengizhan S, Emiroglu N, Ellidokus H. Maternal reaction to a child with epilepsy: Depression, anxiety, parentral attitudes and family functions. Epilepsy Res. 2011;95(3):213-20.
[7]Bastani F, Ghasemi E, Negarandeh R, Haghani H. General self-efficacy among family’s female caregiver of elderly with alzheimer’s disease. Hayat. 2012;18(2):27-37. [Persian]
[8]Au A, Lau KM, Sit E, Cheung G, MPhil MKL, Wong SKA, et al. The role of self-efficacy in the Alzheimer's family caregiver stress process: A partial mediator between physical health and depressive. Clin Geront. 2010;33(4):298-315.
[9]Singh B, Udainiya R. Self-efficacy and well-being of adolescents. J Indian Acad Appl Psychol. 2009;35(2):227-32.
[10]Kara M, van der Bijl JJ, Shortridge-Baggett LM, Asti T, Erguney S. Cross-cultural adaptation of the diabetes management self-efficacy scale for patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Scale development. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006;43(5):611-21.
[11]Zhang SY. Measurement and correlates of caregiver self-efficacy amongst family caregivers of persons with dementia living in Shanghai, China [Dissertation]. Shanghai: Zhejiang University; 2010.
[12]Farnalls S, Rennick J. Parents’ caregiving approaches: Facing a new treatment alternative in severe intractable childhood epilepsy. Seizure. 2003;12(1):1-10.
[13]Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan and Sadock`s synopsis of psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wlkins; 2007.
[14]Mahab R, Ebrahimi Moghadam H, Mirhashemi M. Investigate difference between girls and boys aged 6-12 with Epilepsy In respect to symptom. Int J Pharm Therap. 2013;4(4):261-4.
[15]Taghavi Larijani T, Sharifi N, Mehran A, Nazari S. Level of coping with stressors in parents of epileptic children. Hayat. 2006;12(2):63-71. [Persian]
[16]Barlow J, Powell L, Gilchrist M. The influence of the training and support programme on the self-efficacy and psychological well-being of parents of children with disabilities: A controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2006;12(1):55-63.
[17]KiKing S, Teplicky R, King G, Rosenbaum P. Family-centered service for children with cerebral palsy and their families: A review of the literature. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2014;11(1):78-86.
[18]Wohlrab GC, Rinnert S, Bettendorf U, Fischbach H, Heinen G, Klein P, et al. Famoses: A modular educational program for children with epilepsy and their parents. Epilepsy Behav. 2007;10(1):44-8.
[19]Masoodi R, Alhani F, Moghadassi J, Ghorbani M. The effect of family-centered empowerment model on skill, attitude, and knowledge of multiple sclerosis caregivers. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2010;17(2):87-97. [Persian]
[20]Kang JS, Choi SY, Ryu EJ. Effects of a breastfeeding mothers: A quasi-experimental study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2008;45(1):14-23.
[21]Jantzen S, Muller-Godeffory E, Hallfahrt-Krisl T, Aksu F, Pust B, Konl B, et al. FLIP&FLAP-A training programme for children and adolescents with epilepsy and their parents. Seizure. 2009;18(7):478-89.
[22]Salehzadeh M, Najafi M, Ebrahimi A. Effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral therapy on dysfunctional attitudes in epileptic patients. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2011;19(3):377-87. [Persian]
[23]Pfäfflin M, Petermann F, Rau J, May TW. The psychoeducational program for children with epilepsy and their parents (FAMOSES): Results of a controlled pilot study and a survey of parent satisfaction over a five-year period. Epilepsy Behav. 2012;25(1):11-6.
[24]Lotfi Kashani F. The effect of group counseling with regard to cognitive- behavioral approach on the decrease of dysfunctional attitude. Andisheh va Raftar. 2008;8(2):67-78. [Persian]
[25]Heidari A, Emami moghaddam Z, Ebrahim zade S, Dashtgerd A. The effect of Applying Bandura’s social-cognitive theory on addiction quitting in clients referred to clinic of addiction quitting at Imam Reza hospital of Mashhad [Dissertation]. Mashhad: Mashhad School of Nursing and Midwifery; 2009. [Persian]
[26]Soleimani E, Hoveida R. Bandura's social cognitive theory of self-study. Soc Sci J. 2012;63(17):91-7. [Persian]
[27]Kwok T, Wong B, Chui K, Young D, Ho F. Telephone-delivered psychoeducational intervention for Hong Kong Chinese dementia caregivers: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Clin Int Aging. 2013;8:1191-7.
[28]Hirfanoglu T, Serdaroglu A, Cansu A, Soysal S, Derle E, Gucuyener K. Do knowledge of, perception of, and attitudes toward epilepsy affect the quality of life of Turkish children with epilepsy and their parents?. Epilepsy Behav. 2009;14(1):71-7.
[29]Godarzi M, Ebrahimzadeh E, Rabie A, Saedipur B, Asgharigafarabadi M. Evaluation of relationship between knowledge, perception and attitudes with self-efficacy of diabetics patients in Karaj. Iran J Diabetes Lipid Disorders. 2012;11(3):269-81. [Persian]