@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(2):131-136
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(2):131-136
Effect of Mobile Radiation and Diabetes on Pituitary-Gonadal Axis Function in Adult Male Rats
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Hosseini S.E. (*)Ghanaatian Z. (1)
(*) Biology Department, Science Faculty, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
(1) Biology Department, Science Faculty, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Science Faculty, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sadra Street, Shiraz, Iran. Postal Code: 71886-566575Phone: +987143311148
Fax: +987143311148
ebrahim.hossini@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: October 12, 2015Accepted: January 11, 2016
ePublished: March 5, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
The potential risk of radiations caused by the mobile phones affecting human, as well as the prevalence of diabetes, are of the main concerns in developing and modern societies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of radiations caused by the mobile phones on the serum level of sexual hormones in streptozocin-induced diabetic adult male rats.
Materials & Methods In the experimental study, 64 Wistar adult male rats were studied. The rats were divided into 8 groups (n=8 per group) including non-diabetic control, diabetic control, and 6 experimental groups. Control groups received no treatment. Diabetic experimental groups underwent 7-day continuous and cutoff mobile radiations and buzzer sound. At the end of the course, blood sampling having been done, serum levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone were measured. Data was analyzed by SPPS 18 software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc.
Findings Diabetes alone and with continuous and cutoff radiations of the mobile phones and buzzer sound led to a reduction in testosterone level (p<0.05). Diabetes had no effect on LH and FSH. Nevertheless, 2-hour cutoff radiations of the mobile phones led to a significant increase in FSH in the diabetic rats (p<0.005). In addition, 1-hour and 2-hour continuous radiations and 2-hour cutoff radiations of the mobile phones led to significant increases in LH in the diabetic rats (p<0.05).
Conclusion In adult male rats, diabetes, radiations of mobile phones and buzzer sound lead to testosterone reduction. In addition, diabetes with mobile phone radiations leads to increases in LH and FSH levels.
Materials & Methods In the experimental study, 64 Wistar adult male rats were studied. The rats were divided into 8 groups (n=8 per group) including non-diabetic control, diabetic control, and 6 experimental groups. Control groups received no treatment. Diabetic experimental groups underwent 7-day continuous and cutoff mobile radiations and buzzer sound. At the end of the course, blood sampling having been done, serum levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone were measured. Data was analyzed by SPPS 18 software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc.
Findings Diabetes alone and with continuous and cutoff radiations of the mobile phones and buzzer sound led to a reduction in testosterone level (p<0.05). Diabetes had no effect on LH and FSH. Nevertheless, 2-hour cutoff radiations of the mobile phones led to a significant increase in FSH in the diabetic rats (p<0.005). In addition, 1-hour and 2-hour continuous radiations and 2-hour cutoff radiations of the mobile phones led to significant increases in LH in the diabetic rats (p<0.05).
Conclusion In adult male rats, diabetes, radiations of mobile phones and buzzer sound lead to testosterone reduction. In addition, diabetes with mobile phone radiations leads to increases in LH and FSH levels.
CITATION LINKS
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[16]Kazeminiya SM, Ebrahimi Vasati Kalayi S, Nasri S. Effect of dietary intake alcoholic extract of palm pollen (l.phoenix dactylifera) on pituitary-testicular axis in male diabetic rats. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014;23(1):167-75. [Persian]
[17]Ostovanpi F, Gol A, Olomi H. Effects of Citrullus Colocynthis pulp on serum testosterone and LH levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Pharmacol. 2014;18(3):347-53.
[18]- Ahangarpour A, Oroojan AA, Heydari H. Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of dorema aucheri on serum levels of testosterone, fsh and sperm count in Nicotinamide-stz- induced diabetic rat models. J Zanjan Univ Med Sci. 2013;21(87):22-31. [Persian]
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[20]Hajiuon B. effects of garlic (Allium Sativum l.) hydroalcoholic extract on estrogen, progesterone and testosterone levels in rats exposed to cell phone radiation. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2014;16(12):19-24.
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[24]Sudnikovich E, Maksimchik Y, Zabrodskaya S, Kubyshin V. Melatonin attenuates metabolic disorders due to streptozotocin induced diabetes in rat. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007;569(3):180-7.
[25]Erfani Majd N, Bahrami M, Morovati H, Najafzadehvarzi H. The protective effect of Aloe vera on histological and histometrical structure of diabetic rat testi. Sci Res Iran Vet J. 2013;9(2):78-87. [Persian]
[26]Prasad SK, Kulshreshtha A, Qureshi TN. Antidiabetic activity of some herbal plants in streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats. Pak J Nutr. 2009;8(5):551-7.
[27]Florence NT, Théophile D, Paul Désiré DD, Bertin V, Etienne D, Beauwens R, et al. Antidiabetic activities of methanol-derived extractof Dorstenia picta twigs in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian J Tradit Med. 2007;2(4):140-8.
[28]Ozguner M, Koyu A, Cesur G, Ural M, Ozguner F, Gokcimen A, et al. Biological and morphological effects on the reproductive or¬gan of rats after exposure to electromagnetic field. Saudi Med J. 2005;26(3):405-10.
[29]Diem E, Schwarz C, Adlkofer F, Jahn O. Non-thermal DNA breakage by mobile-phone radiation (1800 MHz) in human fibroblasts and in transformed GFSH-R17 rat granulosa cells in vitro. Mutat Res. 2005;583(2):178–83.
[30]Kesari KK, Kumar S, Behari J. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic wave exposure from cellular phones on the reproductivepattern in male wistar rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2011;164(4):546-59.
[31]Sarookhani MR, Asiabanha Rezaei M, Safari A, Zaroushani , Ziaeiha M. The influence of 950 MHz magnetic field (mobile phoneradiation) on sex organ and adrenal functions of male rabbits. Afr J Biochem Res. 2011;5(2):65-8.
[32]Swami CG, Ramanathan J, Charan Jeganath C. Noise exposure effect on testicular histology, morphology and on male steroidogenic hormone. Malays J Med Sci. 2007;14(2):28-35.
[33]Saki Gh, Jalali MS, Sarkaki AR, Karami Kh. Effect of supplementation of zinc on fertilization capacity of malerats exposed to noise stress. Sci J Ilam Univ Med Sci. 2013;21(1):25-35. [Persian]
[34]Saki Gh, Nasri S, Jalali M, Gholami M. The effect of noise pollution on Pituitary-Gonadal hormones in male rat. Yafteh. 2014;15(4):44-51. [Persian]
[35]Rai J, Pandey SN, Srivastava RK. Effect of immobilization stress on spermatogenesis of albino rats. J Anat Soc India. 2003;52(1):52-7.
[2]Behari J. Biological responses of mobile phone frequency exposure. Indian J Exp Biol. 2010;48(10):959-81.
[3]Hosain K, Samad F, Samsuddoha Alam M. Effects of electromagnetic fields on Mammalian cells. Int J Electr Comput Eng. 2012;2(2):267-76.
[4]Hardell L, Sage C. Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomed Pharmacother. 2008;62(2):104-9.
[5] Dasdag S, Taş T, Akdag MZ, Yegin K. Effect of long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on testes functions. Electromagn Biol Med. 2015;34(1):37-42 .
[6]Christ A, Gosselin MC, Christopoulou M, Kühn S, Kuster N. Age-dependent tissue-specific exposure of cell phone users. Phys Med Biol. 2010;55(7):1767-83.
[7]Ahmadi Z, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, HashmbeniB, Karbalaee M. Effects of exposure to 900-MHz mobile-telephony radiation on growth and metabolism of human-adipose-derived stem cells. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2015;32(316):2269-78.
[8]Gutschi T, Mohamad Al-Ali B, Shamloul R, Pummer K, Trummer H. Impact of cell phone use on men's semen parameters. Androl. 2011;43(5):312-16.
[9]Erogul O, Oztas E, Yildirim I, Kir T, Aydur E, Komesli G, et al. Effects of electromagnetic radiation from a cellular phone on human sperm motility: An vitro study. Arch Med Res. 2006;37(7):840-3.
[10]Avendano C, Mata A, Sanchez Sarmiento CA, Doncel GF. Use of laptop computers connected to internet through Wi-Fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertil Steril. 2012;97(1):39-45.
[11]Gul A, Celebi H, Ugras S. The effects of microwaves emitted by cellular phones on ovarian follicles in rats. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009;280(5):729-33.
[12]Salama N, Kishimoto T, Kanayama HO. Effects of exposure to a mobile phone on testicular function and structure in adult rabbit. Int J Androl. 2010;33(1):88-94.
[13]Kismali G, Ozgur E, Sayiner S, Alpaslan B, Guler G, Seyhan N, et al. The evaluation of Epigallocatechin Gallate and N-acetylcysteine on serum testosterone levels in male guinea pigs expose to cell phone microwave. J Anim Vet Adv. 2009;8(6):1149-51.
[14]Hosseini SE, Tavakoli F, Karami M. Medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. J Clin Excell. 2014;2(2):64-89. [Persian]
[15]Ashraf A, Khaneshi F, Rafiee Raki F, Nejati V. Evaluation of aqueous extract of berberis integerrima root on the testis tissue and testosterone levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Qom Univ Med Sci. 2013;7(4):28-35. [Persian]
[16]Kazeminiya SM, Ebrahimi Vasati Kalayi S, Nasri S. Effect of dietary intake alcoholic extract of palm pollen (l.phoenix dactylifera) on pituitary-testicular axis in male diabetic rats. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014;23(1):167-75. [Persian]
[17]Ostovanpi F, Gol A, Olomi H. Effects of Citrullus Colocynthis pulp on serum testosterone and LH levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Pharmacol. 2014;18(3):347-53.
[18]- Ahangarpour A, Oroojan AA, Heydari H. Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of dorema aucheri on serum levels of testosterone, fsh and sperm count in Nicotinamide-stz- induced diabetic rat models. J Zanjan Univ Med Sci. 2013;21(87):22-31. [Persian]
[19]Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Ulukaya E, Uzunlar AK, Yegin D. Mobile phone exposure does not induce apoptosis on spermatogenesis in rats. Arch Med Res. 2008;39(1):40-4.
[20]Hajiuon B. effects of garlic (Allium Sativum l.) hydroalcoholic extract on estrogen, progesterone and testosterone levels in rats exposed to cell phone radiation. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2014;16(12):19-24.
[21]Jelodar G, Zare Y. Effect of radiation leakage of microwave oven on rat serum testosterone at pre and post pubertal stage. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2008;15(4):64-8. [Persian]
[22]Lenzen S. The mechanisms of alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced Diabetes. Diabetol. 2008;51(2):216-26.
[23]Guneli E, Tugyan K, Ozturk H, Gumustekin M, Cilaker S, Uysal N. Effect of melatonin on testicular damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Eur Surg Res. 2008;40(4):354-60.
[24]Sudnikovich E, Maksimchik Y, Zabrodskaya S, Kubyshin V. Melatonin attenuates metabolic disorders due to streptozotocin induced diabetes in rat. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007;569(3):180-7.
[25]Erfani Majd N, Bahrami M, Morovati H, Najafzadehvarzi H. The protective effect of Aloe vera on histological and histometrical structure of diabetic rat testi. Sci Res Iran Vet J. 2013;9(2):78-87. [Persian]
[26]Prasad SK, Kulshreshtha A, Qureshi TN. Antidiabetic activity of some herbal plants in streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats. Pak J Nutr. 2009;8(5):551-7.
[27]Florence NT, Théophile D, Paul Désiré DD, Bertin V, Etienne D, Beauwens R, et al. Antidiabetic activities of methanol-derived extractof Dorstenia picta twigs in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian J Tradit Med. 2007;2(4):140-8.
[28]Ozguner M, Koyu A, Cesur G, Ural M, Ozguner F, Gokcimen A, et al. Biological and morphological effects on the reproductive or¬gan of rats after exposure to electromagnetic field. Saudi Med J. 2005;26(3):405-10.
[29]Diem E, Schwarz C, Adlkofer F, Jahn O. Non-thermal DNA breakage by mobile-phone radiation (1800 MHz) in human fibroblasts and in transformed GFSH-R17 rat granulosa cells in vitro. Mutat Res. 2005;583(2):178–83.
[30]Kesari KK, Kumar S, Behari J. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic wave exposure from cellular phones on the reproductivepattern in male wistar rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2011;164(4):546-59.
[31]Sarookhani MR, Asiabanha Rezaei M, Safari A, Zaroushani , Ziaeiha M. The influence of 950 MHz magnetic field (mobile phoneradiation) on sex organ and adrenal functions of male rabbits. Afr J Biochem Res. 2011;5(2):65-8.
[32]Swami CG, Ramanathan J, Charan Jeganath C. Noise exposure effect on testicular histology, morphology and on male steroidogenic hormone. Malays J Med Sci. 2007;14(2):28-35.
[33]Saki Gh, Jalali MS, Sarkaki AR, Karami Kh. Effect of supplementation of zinc on fertilization capacity of malerats exposed to noise stress. Sci J Ilam Univ Med Sci. 2013;21(1):25-35. [Persian]
[34]Saki Gh, Nasri S, Jalali M, Gholami M. The effect of noise pollution on Pituitary-Gonadal hormones in male rat. Yafteh. 2014;15(4):44-51. [Persian]
[35]Rai J, Pandey SN, Srivastava RK. Effect of immobilization stress on spermatogenesis of albino rats. J Anat Soc India. 2003;52(1):52-7.