@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2017;9(2):97-103
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2017;9(2):97-103
Health Status of Elder Spinal Cord Veterans
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Javadi Parvaneh M. (* )Sahaf R. (1 )
Delbari A. (1 )
Kamrani A.A. (2)
Fadaye Vatan R. (2)
(* ) Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC), Tehran, Iran
(1 ) Iranian Research Center on Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(2) “Iranian Research Center on Ageing” and “Aging Department”, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: October 2, 2016Accepted: February 25, 2017
ePublished: April 24, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
Noticing the veteran’s old age, and especially veterans with spinal-cord injuries who constitute most of the veterans with physical-motor problems, it is necessary to assess their health. The aim of the study was to investigate comprehensively the health statuses of veterans with spinal-cord injuries in their higher than threescore.
Instrument & Methods In the descriptive cross-sectional study, 53 veterans with spinal-cord injuries in their higher than threescore, who participated in a therapeutic recreation camp from all the provinces, were studied in 2011. The subjects were selected via census method. Collected by questionnaires, data of their nutritional status, bedsores risk, cognition status, depression level, and daily functioning with the utilization of instruments, as well as need and dependency in daily activities was analyzed by SPSS 14 software using descriptive statistics and Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.
Findings 32, 27, and 47 persons were with depression symptoms, malnutrition risk, and bedsores risk, respectively. 47 persons were with either no or mild cognitive impairment. 35 persons were independent in the instrumental activities in daily living (IADL). Only 10 persons were with mild or minimum dependency in daily life. The nutrition status significantly correlated with depression factors (p<0.001), IADL (p=0.04), and dependency level in daily life (p=0.038).
Conclusion Most of the elderly veterans with spinal-cord injuries are without any cognitive impairment, with depression symptoms, and with malnutrition risk, as well as bedsores risk. In addition, they are dependent in their daily activities, while independent in their daily life using instrumental aids.
Instrument & Methods In the descriptive cross-sectional study, 53 veterans with spinal-cord injuries in their higher than threescore, who participated in a therapeutic recreation camp from all the provinces, were studied in 2011. The subjects were selected via census method. Collected by questionnaires, data of their nutritional status, bedsores risk, cognition status, depression level, and daily functioning with the utilization of instruments, as well as need and dependency in daily activities was analyzed by SPSS 14 software using descriptive statistics and Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.
Findings 32, 27, and 47 persons were with depression symptoms, malnutrition risk, and bedsores risk, respectively. 47 persons were with either no or mild cognitive impairment. 35 persons were independent in the instrumental activities in daily living (IADL). Only 10 persons were with mild or minimum dependency in daily life. The nutrition status significantly correlated with depression factors (p<0.001), IADL (p=0.04), and dependency level in daily life (p=0.038).
Conclusion Most of the elderly veterans with spinal-cord injuries are without any cognitive impairment, with depression symptoms, and with malnutrition risk, as well as bedsores risk. In addition, they are dependent in their daily activities, while independent in their daily life using instrumental aids.
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Statistical Center of Iran. General Census of Population and Housing of 2011. Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/sarshomari90/n_sarshomari90_2.pdf
[3]Shoaee F, Azkhosh M, Alizad V. Health status of iranian older people: A demographical analysis. Salmand. 2013;8(2):60-9. [Persian]
[4]Youssef RM. Comprehensive health assessment of senior citizens in Al-Karak governorate, Jordan. East Mediterr Health J. 2005;11(3):334-48.
[5]Lewis C, Bottomley J. Demographic of aging in Geriatric Rehabilitation. 3rd edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2006.
[6]Ingram CR, Phegan KJ, Blumenthal HT. Significance of an aging-linked neuron binding gamma globulin fraction of human sera1. J Gerontol. 1974;29(1):20-7.
[7]Nejaty V, Ashayeri H. To investigate the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and depression in the elderly. Salmand. 2006;1(2):112-8. [Persian].
[8]Beers MH, Bekow R. The MERCK manual of geriatrics. 3rd edition. Kenilworth, NJ: MERCK; 2000. pp. 48-50.
[9]Al-Nasir F, Al-Haddab MK. Levels of disability among the elderly in institutionalized and home-based care in Bahrain. East Mediterr Health J. 1999;5(2):247-54.
[10]Butler RN, Lewis MI. Aging and mental health: Positive psychosocial and biomedical approaches. St. Louis: Mosby; 1982.
[11]Sorocco KH, McCallum TJ. Mental health promotion in older adults: Addressing treatment approaches and available screening tools. Geriatrics. 2006;61(1):19-22.
[12]McColl MA, Charlifue S, Glass C, Savic G, Meehan M. International differences in ageing and spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord .2002;40(3):128-36.
[13]Najarian P. Adjustment in the family and patterns of family living. J Soc Issues. 1959;15(3):28-44.
[14]Center for Information and Technology. Statistics of Oppressed and War Veterans of the Islamic Revolution Foundation, 2001-2002. Available from: http://www.isaar.ir/vsdgp,9eki5arjar!9pre5.4r.html
[15]Guigoz Y, Vellas B, Garry PJ. Assessing the nutritional status of the elderly: The Mini Nutritional Assessment as part of the geriatric evaluation. Nutr Rev. 1996;54(1 Pt 2):S59-65.
[16]Pasdar Y, Qraratappeh A, Pashaee T, Alghasi Sh, Niazi P, Haghnazari L. nutritional status using multidimensional assessment in elderly Iranian. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2011;15(3):178-86. [Persian]
[17]Norton D, McLaren R, Exton-Smith N. An investigation of geriatric nursing problems in hospital. Public Health. 1963;77(5):317.
[18]Boban M, Malojčić B, Mimica N, Vuković S, Zrilić I, Hof PR, et al. The reliability and validity of the mini-mental state examination in the elderly Croatian population. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2012;33(6):385-92.
[19]Seyedian M, Falah M, Nourouzian M, Nejat S, Delavar A, Ghasemzadeh HA. Validity of the farsi version of mini-mental state examination. J Med Counc Islamic Repub Iran. 2008;25(4):414-08. [Persian]
[20]Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M, et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res. 1982-1983;17(1):37-49.
[21]Malakouti SK, Pachana NA, Naji B, Kahani S, Saeedkhani M. Reliability, validity and factor structure of the CES-D in Iranian elderly. Asian J Psychiatr. 2015;18:86-90.
[22]Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: Self-monitoring and instrumental activities of daily living measure. Gerontologist. 1969;9(3):179-86.
[23]Hassani Mehraban A, Soltanmohamadi Y, Akbarfahimi M, Taghizadeh G. Validity and reliability of the persian version of lawton instrumental activities of daily living scale in patients with dementia. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2014;28:25.
[24]O'Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ. Physical rehabilitation. 5th edition. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company; 2007. p. 385
[25]Noroozian M. The elderly population in Iran: An ever growing concern in the health system. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):1-6
[26]Roberts SB, Rosenberg I. Nutrition and aging: changes in the regulation of energy metabolism with aging. Physiol Rev. 2006;86(2):651-67.
[27]Walker PC, Alrawi A, Mitchell JF, Regal RE, Khanderia U. Medication use as a risk factor for falls among hospitalized elderly patients. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005;62(23):2495-9.
[28] Halter JB, Ouslander JG, Studenski S, High KP, Asthana S, Supiano MA, et al. Hazzard's geriatric medicine and gerontology. 7th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2009.
[29]Joghataei MT, Nejati V. Assessment of health status of elderly people in the city of Kashan. Salmand. 2006;1(1):3-10. [Persian]
[30]Kennie DC. Health maintenance of the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 1986;2(1):53-83.
[31]S Stuck AE, Siu AL, Wieland GD, Adams J, Rubenstein LZ. Comprehensive geriatric assessment: A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Lancet. 1993;342(8878):1032-6.
[32]Garrett JE. Multiple losses in older adults. J Gerontol Nurs. 1987;13(8):8-12
[33]Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Geriatric depression scale (GDS) recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clin Gerontol. 1986;5(1-2):165-72.
[34]Fernandez LS, Byard D, Lin CC, Benson S, Barbera JA. Frail elderly as disaster victims: Emergency management strategies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2002;17(2):67-74.