@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2014;20(3):171-177
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2014;20(3):171-177
Effect of One-Session Anaerobic Exhaustive Exercise on Lipid Profile of Active and Inactive Individuals
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Kashef M. (1 )Zare Karizak S. (* )
Sha’baninia M. (2 )
(* ) Sport Physiology Department, Physical Education Faculty, Shahid Raja’ei Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
(1 ) Sport Physiology Department, Physical Education Faculty, Shahid Raja’ei Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
(2 ) Sport Physiology Department, Physical Education Faculty, Shooshtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shooshtar, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Sport Physiology Department, Physical Education Faculty, Shahid Raja’ei Teacher Training University, Lavizan, Tehran, IranPhone: +982122970051
Fax: +982122970051
sarazarekarizak@gmail.com
Article History
Received: December 12, 2013Accepted: September 1, 2014
ePublished: September 23, 2014
ABSTRACT
Aims
Increase of harmful blood lipid levels such as low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total
cholesterol, and reduction in the amount of beneficial lipids such as high density lipoprotein
is one the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was
to compare the effects of an exhausting session of intense exercise on blood lipid profiles in
active and inactive individuals.
Materials & Methods The present semi-experimental study was done on physical education and non-physical male students of Tehran Shahid Raja’ei Teacher Training University and 20 persons were selected by purposive sampling and based on medical information. The subjects were divided into active and inactive male students. Physical activity questionnaire consisted of 16 questions to assess the level of physical activity and exercise test as Cunningham & Faulkner was intense and exhausting. Physical activity questionnaire consisted of 16 questions was used to assess the level of physical activity and Cunningham & Faulkner test was used as intense exercise and exhausting. All blood samples collected from finger capillary in the sitting position. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using independent T, correlated T, covariance analysis and repeated measures variance and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests.
Findings A significant difference was observed in weight (p=0.031), and BMI (p=0.05), BF (p=0.28) and VF (p=0.01) between active and inactive persons. There was a significant correlation between anthropometric indices and all blood lipid indices (p<0.05), which was inversely correlated regarding HDL-C.
Conclusion A single-session severe exhausting exercise can increase the LDL-C, TG, TC and LDL-C/HDL-C, while it has no effect on HDL-C level.
Materials & Methods The present semi-experimental study was done on physical education and non-physical male students of Tehran Shahid Raja’ei Teacher Training University and 20 persons were selected by purposive sampling and based on medical information. The subjects were divided into active and inactive male students. Physical activity questionnaire consisted of 16 questions to assess the level of physical activity and exercise test as Cunningham & Faulkner was intense and exhausting. Physical activity questionnaire consisted of 16 questions was used to assess the level of physical activity and Cunningham & Faulkner test was used as intense exercise and exhausting. All blood samples collected from finger capillary in the sitting position. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using independent T, correlated T, covariance analysis and repeated measures variance and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests.
Findings A significant difference was observed in weight (p=0.031), and BMI (p=0.05), BF (p=0.28) and VF (p=0.01) between active and inactive persons. There was a significant correlation between anthropometric indices and all blood lipid indices (p<0.05), which was inversely correlated regarding HDL-C.
Conclusion A single-session severe exhausting exercise can increase the LDL-C, TG, TC and LDL-C/HDL-C, while it has no effect on HDL-C level.
CITATION LINKS
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[14]Kelley G, Kelley K. Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins in adults with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Public Health. 2007;121(9):643-55.
[15]Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Tran ZV. Tran exercise, lipids, and lipoproteins in older adults: A meta-analysis. Prev Cardiol. 2005;8(4):206-14.
[16]Wong PC, Chia MY, Tsou IY, Wansaicheong GK, Tan B, Wang JC, et al. Effects of a 12-week exercise training programme on aerobic fitness, body composition, blood lipids and C-reactive protein in adolescents with obesity. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2008;37(4):286-93.
[17]Stewart LK, Flynn MG, Campbell WW, Craig BA, Robinson JP, Timmerman KL, et al. The influence of exercise training on inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(10):1714-24.
[18]Kasapis C, Thompson PD. The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers: A systematic review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(10):1563-9.
[19]Hammett CJ, Prapavessis H, Baldi JC, Varo N, Schoenbeck U, Ameratunga R, et al. Effects of exercise training on 5 inflammatory markers associated with cardiovascular risk. Am Heart J. 2006;151(2):367.e7-367.e16.
[20]Okura T, Nakata Y, Tanaka K. Effects of exercise intensity on physical fitness and risk factors for coronary heart disease. Obes Res. 2003;11(9):1131-9.
[21]Petridou A, Lazaridou D, Mougios V. Lipidemic profile of athletes and non-athletes with similar body fat. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005;15(4):425-32.
[22]Nikkilä EA, Taskinen MR, Rehunen S, Härkönen M. Lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of runners: Relation to serum lipoproteins. Metabolism. 1978;27(11):1661-7.
[23]Halverstadt A, Phares DA, Wilund KR, Goldberg AP, Hagberg JM. Endurance exercise training raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lowers small low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein independent of body fat phenotypes in older men and women. Metabolism. 2007;56(4):444-50.
[24]Thorland WG, Gilliam TB. Comparison of serum lipids between habitually high and low active pre-adolescent males. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1981;13(5):316-21.
[25]Durstine JL, Grandjean PW, Davis PG, Ferguson MA, Alderson NL, DuBose KD. Blood lipid and lipoprotein adaptations to exercise: A quantitative analysis. Sports Med. 2001;31(15):1033-62.
[26]Kimiagar M, Sohrab G, Hemat M, Golestan B. The relationship between obesity and serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride level in men 18-34 years old living in district 6 of Tehran: Comparison of BMI, waist and waist to hip ratio. Q Res J Lorestan Univ Med Sci. 2010;13(3):56-63.
[27]Mogharnasi M, Gaeeni A, Goodarzi M. Relationship between body fat percentage and lean body mass (LBM) with Blood lipids and lipoproteins (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL) in male physical education students of Birjand University. Harkat. 2003;20(20):147-57.
[28]Hosseini M, Nikbakht M, Habibi A, Ahangarpour A, Fathi Mogjaddam H. Acute Effects of an Aerobic Exhaustive Incremental Exercise Session on Serum Leptin and Plasma Lipids. Jundishapur Sci Med J. 2011;10(4):363-71.
[29]Baecke JA, Burema J, Frijters JE. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982;36(5):936-42.
[30]Goldberg AP, Busby-Whitehead MJ, Katzel LI, Krauss RM, Lumpkin M, Hagberg JM. Cardiovascular fitness, body composition, and lipoprotein lipid metabolism in older men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000;55(6):M342-9.
[2]Liberato S, Maple-Brown L, Bressan J, Hills AP. The relationships between body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in young Australian men. Nutr J. 2013;12:108.
[3]Jafarzadeh Gh, Rastegari M. The relationship between physical activity level and risk factors for coronary heart disease for young sons. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 2013;3(3):548-53.
[4]Biddle SJ, Gorely T, Stensel DJ. Health-enhancing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents. J Sports Sci. 2004;22(8):679-701.
[5]Sagiv MS. Exercise cardiopulmonary function in cardiac patients. Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.
[6]Alijani A, Ahmadi S. The effects of 8 week's aerobic and anaerobic training on a number of cardiovascular risk factors of male students of shahid chamran university. Harakat. 2002;(5):5-22.
[7]Banz WJ, Maher MA, Thompson WG, Bassett DR, Moore W, Ashraf M. Effects of resistance versus aerobic training on coronary artery disease risk factors. Exp Biol Med. 2003;228(4):434-40.
[8]Church TS, Barlow CE, Earnest CP, Kampert JB, Priest EL, Blair SN. Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and C-reactive protein in men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22(11):1869-76.
[9]O'Donovan G, Owen A, Bird SR, Kearney EM, Nevill AM, Jones DW, et al. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary heart disease risk factors following 24 wk of moderate-or high-intensity exercise of equal energy cost. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005;98(5):1619-25.
[10]Fahlman MM, Boardley D, Lambert CP, Flynn MG. Effects of endurance training and resistance training on plasma lipoprotein profiles in elderly women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(2):B54-60.
[11]Fan J, Watanabe T. Inflammatory reactions in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2003;10(2):63-71.
[12]Clarke JL, Anderson JL, Carlquist JF, Roberts RF, Horne BD, Bair TL, et al. Comparison of differing C-reactive protein assay methods and their impact on cardiovascular risk assessment. Am J Cardiol. 2005;95(1):155-8.
[13]Jacobs KA, Krauss RM, Fattor JA, Horning MA, Friedlander AL, Bauer TA, et al. Endurance training has little effect on active muscle free fatty acid, lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglyceride net balances. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(3):E656-65.
[14]Kelley G, Kelley K. Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins in adults with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Public Health. 2007;121(9):643-55.
[15]Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Tran ZV. Tran exercise, lipids, and lipoproteins in older adults: A meta-analysis. Prev Cardiol. 2005;8(4):206-14.
[16]Wong PC, Chia MY, Tsou IY, Wansaicheong GK, Tan B, Wang JC, et al. Effects of a 12-week exercise training programme on aerobic fitness, body composition, blood lipids and C-reactive protein in adolescents with obesity. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2008;37(4):286-93.
[17]Stewart LK, Flynn MG, Campbell WW, Craig BA, Robinson JP, Timmerman KL, et al. The influence of exercise training on inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(10):1714-24.
[18]Kasapis C, Thompson PD. The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers: A systematic review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(10):1563-9.
[19]Hammett CJ, Prapavessis H, Baldi JC, Varo N, Schoenbeck U, Ameratunga R, et al. Effects of exercise training on 5 inflammatory markers associated with cardiovascular risk. Am Heart J. 2006;151(2):367.e7-367.e16.
[20]Okura T, Nakata Y, Tanaka K. Effects of exercise intensity on physical fitness and risk factors for coronary heart disease. Obes Res. 2003;11(9):1131-9.
[21]Petridou A, Lazaridou D, Mougios V. Lipidemic profile of athletes and non-athletes with similar body fat. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005;15(4):425-32.
[22]Nikkilä EA, Taskinen MR, Rehunen S, Härkönen M. Lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of runners: Relation to serum lipoproteins. Metabolism. 1978;27(11):1661-7.
[23]Halverstadt A, Phares DA, Wilund KR, Goldberg AP, Hagberg JM. Endurance exercise training raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lowers small low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein independent of body fat phenotypes in older men and women. Metabolism. 2007;56(4):444-50.
[24]Thorland WG, Gilliam TB. Comparison of serum lipids between habitually high and low active pre-adolescent males. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1981;13(5):316-21.
[25]Durstine JL, Grandjean PW, Davis PG, Ferguson MA, Alderson NL, DuBose KD. Blood lipid and lipoprotein adaptations to exercise: A quantitative analysis. Sports Med. 2001;31(15):1033-62.
[26]Kimiagar M, Sohrab G, Hemat M, Golestan B. The relationship between obesity and serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride level in men 18-34 years old living in district 6 of Tehran: Comparison of BMI, waist and waist to hip ratio. Q Res J Lorestan Univ Med Sci. 2010;13(3):56-63.
[27]Mogharnasi M, Gaeeni A, Goodarzi M. Relationship between body fat percentage and lean body mass (LBM) with Blood lipids and lipoproteins (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL) in male physical education students of Birjand University. Harkat. 2003;20(20):147-57.
[28]Hosseini M, Nikbakht M, Habibi A, Ahangarpour A, Fathi Mogjaddam H. Acute Effects of an Aerobic Exhaustive Incremental Exercise Session on Serum Leptin and Plasma Lipids. Jundishapur Sci Med J. 2011;10(4):363-71.
[29]Baecke JA, Burema J, Frijters JE. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982;36(5):936-42.
[30]Goldberg AP, Busby-Whitehead MJ, Katzel LI, Krauss RM, Lumpkin M, Hagberg JM. Cardiovascular fitness, body composition, and lipoprotein lipid metabolism in older men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000;55(6):M342-9.