@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2019;25(1):43-49
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2019;25(1):43-49
The Effect of Eight Weeks Concurrent Training and Supplementation of L_Arginine on Stress Oxidative and Lipid Profile in Elderly Men
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Esmaeili A. (1)Haghshenas R. (*)
(*) Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
(1) Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, Semnan , Iran
Correspondence
Address: Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Central Administration of Semnan University, Campus 1, Semnan, IranPhone: +989133298826
Fax: +982333364083
rhm@semnan.ac.ir
Article History
Received: April 14, 2018Accepted: August 4, 2018
ePublished: January 27, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
One of the strategies for coping with oxidative stress and, subsequently, prevention
complication of aging is the use of antioxidant supplements and exercise training. Therefore
the aim of this study was to evaluate concurrent training and supplementation of L-arginine on
stress oxidative and lipid profile in elderly men.
Materials & Methods In this quasi experimental study, 44 older volunteering men (mean age: 67.77± 4.61), were selected by simple convenience sampling from Isfahan city in 2017 and by using NCSS PASS 11 software, they were randomly divided into four equal-sized groups (each n=11): Concurrent Training +Supplement (ES) group; Concurrent Training +Placebo (EP) group; Supplement (S) group and Control (C) group. The ES and EP groups performed the exercise protocol with eight weeks of concurrent training, three sessions per week. Group ES and group S consumed 1000 mg of L-Arginine every morning and one hour before the exercise. Maltodextrin were used as placebo. Biochemical samples were assayed by ELISA method and multivariate longitudinal model were used for analysis of data in the level of significance p<0.05.
Findings Results showed that, joint effect of training and supplementation was more than the effect of the exercise or supplement alone on variable of stress oxidative 8-OhdG (β=-5.16, p<0.001), TAC (β=-2.30, p<0.001), and MDA (β=3.50, p<0.001) and variables lipid profile LDL (β=-20.82, p<0.001), VLDL (β=-4.73, p<0.001), HDL (β=-3.81, p<0.022), TC (β=-21.15, p<0.001), TG (β=-24.74, p<0.001).
Conclusion Findings of this study suggest that the simultaneous use of concurrent training and supplementation of L-Arginine improves the system antioxidant and lipid profile in the elderly men.
Materials & Methods In this quasi experimental study, 44 older volunteering men (mean age: 67.77± 4.61), were selected by simple convenience sampling from Isfahan city in 2017 and by using NCSS PASS 11 software, they were randomly divided into four equal-sized groups (each n=11): Concurrent Training +Supplement (ES) group; Concurrent Training +Placebo (EP) group; Supplement (S) group and Control (C) group. The ES and EP groups performed the exercise protocol with eight weeks of concurrent training, three sessions per week. Group ES and group S consumed 1000 mg of L-Arginine every morning and one hour before the exercise. Maltodextrin were used as placebo. Biochemical samples were assayed by ELISA method and multivariate longitudinal model were used for analysis of data in the level of significance p<0.05.
Findings Results showed that, joint effect of training and supplementation was more than the effect of the exercise or supplement alone on variable of stress oxidative 8-OhdG (β=-5.16, p<0.001), TAC (β=-2.30, p<0.001), and MDA (β=3.50, p<0.001) and variables lipid profile LDL (β=-20.82, p<0.001), VLDL (β=-4.73, p<0.001), HDL (β=-3.81, p<0.022), TC (β=-21.15, p<0.001), TG (β=-24.74, p<0.001).
Conclusion Findings of this study suggest that the simultaneous use of concurrent training and supplementation of L-Arginine improves the system antioxidant and lipid profile in the elderly men.
CITATION LINKS
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[14]Fisher-Wellman K, Bloomer RJ. Acute exercise and oxidative stress: A 30 year history. Dyn Med. 2009;8:1.
[15]Jablecka A, Bogdański P, Balcer N, Cieślewicz A, Skołuda A, Musialik K. The effect of oral L-arginine supplementation on fasting glucose, HbA1c, nitric oxide and total antioxidant status in diabetic patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease of lower extremities. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16(3):342-50.
[16]Tripathi P, Misra MK. Therapeutic role of L-arginine on free radical scavenging system in ischemic heart diseases. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2009;46(6):498-502.
[17]Morris SM. Arginine: Beyond protein. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(2):508S-12S.
[18]Suresh DR, Sendil K, Annam V, Hamsa V. Age related changes in Malondialdehyde: Total Antioxidant Capacity Ratio–a novel marker of oxidative stress. Int J Pharma Bio Sci. 2010;1(2):1-6.
[19]Atashak S, Azizbeigi K, Azarbayjani MA, Stannard SR, Dehghan F, Soori R. Changes of stress proteins and oxidative stress indices with progressive exercise training in elderly men. Sci Sports. 2017;32(3):152-9.
[20]Collier SR, Casey DP, Kanaley JA. Growth hormone responses to varying doses of oral arginine. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2005;15(2):136-9.
[21]Després JP, Lamarche B, Mauriège P, Cantin B, Dagenais GR, Moorjani S, et al. Hyperinsulinemia as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(15):952-7.
[22]Ren W, Yin Y, Liu G, Yu X, Li Y, Yang G, et al. Effect of dietary arginine supplementation on reproductive performance of mice with porcine circovirus type 2 infection. Amino Acids. 2012;42(6):2089-94.
[23]Paddon-Jones D, Børsheim E, Wolfe RR. Potential ergogenic effects of arginine and creatine supplementation. J Nutr. 2004;134(10):2888S-94S.
[24]Maxwell AJ, Ho HV, Le CQ, Lin PS, Bernstein D, Cooke JP. L-arginine enhances aerobic exercise capacity in association with augmented nitric oxide production. J Appl Physiol. 2001;90(3):933-8.
[25]Fazelian S, Hoseini M, Namazi N, Heshmati J, Sepidar Kish M, Mirfatahi M, et al. Effects of L-arginine supplementation on antioxidant status and body composition in obese patients with pre-diabetes: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Adv Pharm Bull. 2014;4(Suppl 1):449-54.
[26]Cadore EL, Pinto RS, Lhullier FL, Correa CS, Alberton CL, Pinto SS, et al. Physiological effects of concurrent training in elderly men. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31(10):689-97.
[27]Di Blasio A, Gemello E, Di Iorio A, Di Giacinto G, Celso T, Di Renzo D, et al. Order effects of concurrent endurance and resistance training on post-exercise response of non-trained women. J Sports Sci Med. 2012;11(3):393-9.
[28]Korkmaz S, Goksuluk D, Zararsiz G. MVN: An R package for assessing multivariate normality. R J. 2014;6(2):151-62.
[29]Ashe MC, Miller WC, Eng JJ, Noreau L, Physical Activity and Chronic Conditions Research Team. Older adults, chronic disease and leisure-time physical activity. Gerontology. 2009;55(1):64-72.
[30]Vincent KR, Vincent HK, Braith RW, Lennon SL, Lowenthal DT. Resistance exercise training attenuates exercise-induced lipid peroxidation in the elderly. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;87(4-5):416-23.
[31]Magi B, Ettorre A, Liberatori S, Bini L, Andreassi M, Frosali S, et al. Selectivity of protein carbonylation in the apoptotic response to oxidative stress associated with photodynamic therapy: A cell biochemical and proteomic investigation. Cell Death Differ. 2004;11(8):842-52.
[32]Mitchell WK, Phillips BE, Wilkinson DJ, Williams JP, Rankin D, Lund JN, et al. Supplementing essential amino acids with the nitric oxide precursor, l-arginine, enhances skeletal muscle perfusion without impacting anabolism in older men. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(6):1573-9.
[33]Salgueiro RB, Gerlinger-Romero F, Guimarães-Ferreira L, de Castro Barbosa T, Nunes MT. Exercise training reverses the negative effects of chronic L-arginine supplementation on insulin sensitivity. Life Sci. 2017;191:17-23.
[34]Jobgen WS, Fried SK, Fu WJ, Meininger CJ, Wu G. Regulatory role for the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in metabolism of energy substrates. J Nutr Biochem. 2006;17(9):571-88.
[35]Jabecka A, Ast J, Bogdaski P, Drozdowski M, Pawlak-Lemaska K, Cielewicz A, et al. Oral L-arginine supplementation in patients with mild arterial hypertension and its effect on plasma level of asymmetric dimethylarginine, L-citruline, L-arginine and antioxidant status. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16(12):1665-74.
[36]Tripathi P, Pandey S. L-arginine attenuates oxidative stress condition during cardiomyopathy. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2013;50(2):99-104.
[2]Chondrogianni N, Stratford F, Trougakos I, Friguet B, Rivett AJ, Gonos E. Central role of the proteasome in senescence and survival of human fibroblasts: Induction of a senescence-like phenotype upon its inhibition and resistance to stress upon its activation. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(30):28026-37.
[3]Finaud J, Lac G, Filaire E. Oxidative stress: Relationship with exercise and training. Sports Med. 2006;36(4):327-58.
[4]Miller KN, Burhans MS, Clark JP, Howell PR, Polewski MA, DeMuth TM, et al. Aging and caloric restriction impact adipose tissue, adiponectin, and circulating lipids. Aging Cell. 2017;16(3):497-507.
[5]Izquierdo M, Häkkinen K, Antón A, Garrues M, Ibañez J, Ruesta M, et al. Maximal strength and power, endurance performance, and serum hormones in middle-aged and elderly men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(9):1577-87.
[6]Phillips B, Williams J, Atherton P, Smith K, Hildebrandt W, Rankin D, et al. Resistance exercise training improves age-related declines in leg vascular conductance and rejuvenates acute leg blood flow responses to feeding and exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(3):347-53.
[7]Karavirta L, Tulppo MP, Laaksonen DE, Nyman K, Laukkanen RT, Kinnunen H, et al. Heart rate dynamics after combined endurance and strength training in older men. Med Sci sports and Exerc. 2009;41(7):1436-43.
[8]Weber TA, Reichert AS. Impaired quality control of mitochondria: Aging from a new perspective. Exp Gerontol. 2010;45(7-8):503-11.
[9]Wilson JM, Marin PJ, Rhea MR, Wilson SM, Loenneke JP, Anderson JC. Concurrent training: A meta-analysis examining interference of aerobic and resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(8):2293-307.
[10]Ferrari R, Fuchs SC, Kruel LFM, Cadore EL, Alberton CL, Pinto RS, et al. Effects of different concurrent resistance and aerobic training frequencies on muscle power and muscle quality in trained elderly men: A randomized clinical trial. Aging Dis. 2016;7(6):697-704.
[11]Atashak S, Azizbeigi K. Effects of concurrent exercise training on the oxidative stress biomarkers concentration in elderly men. Koomesh. 2017;19(1):36-45. [Persian]
[12]Da Silva Medeiros N, de Abreu FG, Schraiber Colato A, de Lemos LS, Rozales Ramis T, Dorneles GP, et al. Effects of concurrent training on oxidative stress and insulin resistance in obese individuals. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2015;697181.
[13]Paschalis V, Nikolaidis MG, Fatouros IG, Giakas G, Koutedakis Y, Karatzaferi C, et al. Uniform and prolonged changes in blood oxidative stress after muscle-damaging exercise. In vivo. 2007;21(5):877-83.
[14]Fisher-Wellman K, Bloomer RJ. Acute exercise and oxidative stress: A 30 year history. Dyn Med. 2009;8:1.
[15]Jablecka A, Bogdański P, Balcer N, Cieślewicz A, Skołuda A, Musialik K. The effect of oral L-arginine supplementation on fasting glucose, HbA1c, nitric oxide and total antioxidant status in diabetic patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease of lower extremities. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16(3):342-50.
[16]Tripathi P, Misra MK. Therapeutic role of L-arginine on free radical scavenging system in ischemic heart diseases. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2009;46(6):498-502.
[17]Morris SM. Arginine: Beyond protein. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(2):508S-12S.
[18]Suresh DR, Sendil K, Annam V, Hamsa V. Age related changes in Malondialdehyde: Total Antioxidant Capacity Ratio–a novel marker of oxidative stress. Int J Pharma Bio Sci. 2010;1(2):1-6.
[19]Atashak S, Azizbeigi K, Azarbayjani MA, Stannard SR, Dehghan F, Soori R. Changes of stress proteins and oxidative stress indices with progressive exercise training in elderly men. Sci Sports. 2017;32(3):152-9.
[20]Collier SR, Casey DP, Kanaley JA. Growth hormone responses to varying doses of oral arginine. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2005;15(2):136-9.
[21]Després JP, Lamarche B, Mauriège P, Cantin B, Dagenais GR, Moorjani S, et al. Hyperinsulinemia as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(15):952-7.
[22]Ren W, Yin Y, Liu G, Yu X, Li Y, Yang G, et al. Effect of dietary arginine supplementation on reproductive performance of mice with porcine circovirus type 2 infection. Amino Acids. 2012;42(6):2089-94.
[23]Paddon-Jones D, Børsheim E, Wolfe RR. Potential ergogenic effects of arginine and creatine supplementation. J Nutr. 2004;134(10):2888S-94S.
[24]Maxwell AJ, Ho HV, Le CQ, Lin PS, Bernstein D, Cooke JP. L-arginine enhances aerobic exercise capacity in association with augmented nitric oxide production. J Appl Physiol. 2001;90(3):933-8.
[25]Fazelian S, Hoseini M, Namazi N, Heshmati J, Sepidar Kish M, Mirfatahi M, et al. Effects of L-arginine supplementation on antioxidant status and body composition in obese patients with pre-diabetes: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Adv Pharm Bull. 2014;4(Suppl 1):449-54.
[26]Cadore EL, Pinto RS, Lhullier FL, Correa CS, Alberton CL, Pinto SS, et al. Physiological effects of concurrent training in elderly men. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31(10):689-97.
[27]Di Blasio A, Gemello E, Di Iorio A, Di Giacinto G, Celso T, Di Renzo D, et al. Order effects of concurrent endurance and resistance training on post-exercise response of non-trained women. J Sports Sci Med. 2012;11(3):393-9.
[28]Korkmaz S, Goksuluk D, Zararsiz G. MVN: An R package for assessing multivariate normality. R J. 2014;6(2):151-62.
[29]Ashe MC, Miller WC, Eng JJ, Noreau L, Physical Activity and Chronic Conditions Research Team. Older adults, chronic disease and leisure-time physical activity. Gerontology. 2009;55(1):64-72.
[30]Vincent KR, Vincent HK, Braith RW, Lennon SL, Lowenthal DT. Resistance exercise training attenuates exercise-induced lipid peroxidation in the elderly. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;87(4-5):416-23.
[31]Magi B, Ettorre A, Liberatori S, Bini L, Andreassi M, Frosali S, et al. Selectivity of protein carbonylation in the apoptotic response to oxidative stress associated with photodynamic therapy: A cell biochemical and proteomic investigation. Cell Death Differ. 2004;11(8):842-52.
[32]Mitchell WK, Phillips BE, Wilkinson DJ, Williams JP, Rankin D, Lund JN, et al. Supplementing essential amino acids with the nitric oxide precursor, l-arginine, enhances skeletal muscle perfusion without impacting anabolism in older men. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(6):1573-9.
[33]Salgueiro RB, Gerlinger-Romero F, Guimarães-Ferreira L, de Castro Barbosa T, Nunes MT. Exercise training reverses the negative effects of chronic L-arginine supplementation on insulin sensitivity. Life Sci. 2017;191:17-23.
[34]Jobgen WS, Fried SK, Fu WJ, Meininger CJ, Wu G. Regulatory role for the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in metabolism of energy substrates. J Nutr Biochem. 2006;17(9):571-88.
[35]Jabecka A, Ast J, Bogdaski P, Drozdowski M, Pawlak-Lemaska K, Cielewicz A, et al. Oral L-arginine supplementation in patients with mild arterial hypertension and its effect on plasma level of asymmetric dimethylarginine, L-citruline, L-arginine and antioxidant status. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16(12):1665-74.
[36]Tripathi P, Pandey S. L-arginine attenuates oxidative stress condition during cardiomyopathy. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2013;50(2):99-104.