@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2322-2166 Islamic Life Style Centered on Health 2018;2(1):21-27
ISSN: 2322-2166 Islamic Life Style Centered on Health 2018;2(1):21-27
Construction and Comparative Standardization of Inexorability Scale in Islamic Viewpoint
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Narimani M. (1)Dashti N. (*)
Asadi A. (2)
Dalir Taghi Dizaj Z. (3)
(*) Psychology Department, Education & Psychology Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
(1) Psychology Department, Education & Psychology Faculty, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
(2) Theology Department, Medicine Faculty, Aredebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
(3) Psychology Department, Human Science Faculty, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Cultural & Student Department, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Ardabil, IranPhone: +98 (45) 33519827
Fax: +98 (45) 33512187
naghidashti@gmail.com
Article History
Received: August 25, 2017Accepted: November 25, 2017
ePublished: June 18, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
In Islam, the heart is defined as a human psychological center that can have many diseases, one of the most important of which is the cruelty of the heart or inexorability. The purpose of this study was to construct a scale with an appropriate validity and reliability for measuring the inexorability in terms of Islam.
Instrument & Methods This study was conducted with a descriptive method of standardization in religious scholars, students of Medical Sciences and Mohaqqeq Ardabili Universities and individuals with free occupation and 502 persons were enrolled in the study by convenience sampling method. The 50-item elementary questionnaire was reduced to 28 items by the opinion of 2 psychologists and 2 experts in religious sciences. Data were analyzed in SPSS 18 software by exploratory factor analysis, KMO and Bartlett tests, confirmatory factor analysis method in AMOS 22, and fitted-fit, Pearson correlation and ANOVA tests.
Findings Cronbach's alpha (0.826) and KMO (0.818) showed the legality of factor analysis to prepare the scale. After using varimax rotation, 7 factors (unremembrance of God, tendency to sin, lack of empathy, long dreams, more eating and sleeping, lack of wisdom and non-believing in other world) were extracted as inexorability subscales. Goodness of fit tests showed that the obtained pattern was fit (p<0.0001). The students of medical sciences had the largest and religious scholars had the lowest inexorability scores (p<0.0001; F=57.098).
Conclusion The Inexorability questionnaire can be used as a valid scale..
Instrument & Methods This study was conducted with a descriptive method of standardization in religious scholars, students of Medical Sciences and Mohaqqeq Ardabili Universities and individuals with free occupation and 502 persons were enrolled in the study by convenience sampling method. The 50-item elementary questionnaire was reduced to 28 items by the opinion of 2 psychologists and 2 experts in religious sciences. Data were analyzed in SPSS 18 software by exploratory factor analysis, KMO and Bartlett tests, confirmatory factor analysis method in AMOS 22, and fitted-fit, Pearson correlation and ANOVA tests.
Findings Cronbach's alpha (0.826) and KMO (0.818) showed the legality of factor analysis to prepare the scale. After using varimax rotation, 7 factors (unremembrance of God, tendency to sin, lack of empathy, long dreams, more eating and sleeping, lack of wisdom and non-believing in other world) were extracted as inexorability subscales. Goodness of fit tests showed that the obtained pattern was fit (p<0.0001). The students of medical sciences had the largest and religious scholars had the lowest inexorability scores (p<0.0001; F=57.098).
Conclusion The Inexorability questionnaire can be used as a valid scale..
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Dastgheyb A. Ghalb-e Salim. Dastgheyb MH, editor. Qom: Darolkotob Eslamiyeh; 2009. [Persian]
[3] Misbah Yazdi MT. Ethic Lessons, 14th Lesson. [Internet]. Qom: Ayatollah Misbah Yazdi Information database [cited 2011 May 16; updated 2011 Aug 16]. Availablae from: http://mesbahyazdi.ir/node/3205. [Persian]
[4]Jafari Y. Interpretation of kosar Sura. Qom: Hejrat; 1997. [Persian]
[5]Majlesi M. Behar alAanvar. 5th volume. Beirut: Alvafa Institute; 1984. p. 176. [Arabic]
[6]Majlesi M. Behar alAanvar. 68th volume. Beirut: Alvafa Institute; 1984. p. 281. [Arabic]
[7]Tabresi AFH. Majmaolbayan fi tafsir AlQoran . Karami A, Translator. Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, Printing and Publishing ORganization; 2001. [Persian]
[8]Makarem-e Shirazi N. Nemouneh Interpretation. 19th volume. Qom: Darolkotob Eslamiyeh; 1995. [Persian]
[9]Khomeini RM. Description of the Hadith of army of Reason and Ignorance. Tehran: Imam Khomeini's Institute for Publishing and Editing Works; 1999. [Persian]
[10] Sadugh M. Khesal [Volume 4]. Qom: Hozeye Elmieh Press; 1914. [Arabic]
[11] Koleyni M. Osoule Kafi. 2nd volume. Qom: Darolkotob Eslamiyeh; 2010. p. 641. [Arabic]
[12]Esmaeili Yazdi A. Yanbe al-hekama. 4th volume. Teharn: Dalil-e Ma; 2013. P. 54. [Arabic]
[13]Noori MH. mostadrak alvasael. 8th volume. Qom: Al Albeyt; 2008; p. 41. [Arabic]
[14]Imam Ali. Nahj al-Balagha. Razi S, editor. Dashti M, translator. Mashhad: Noor al-Mobin; 1999. p. 635. [Arabic-Persian]
[15]Gilani A. Sharhe Misbah al-Sharia. Tehran: Tehran University Press; 1964. [Arabic-Persian]
[16]Noori MH. mostadrak alvasael. 12th volume. Qom: Al Albeyt; 2008; p. 93. [Arabic]
[17]Pazoki J. Hadiths from Nahj al-Fasahe. 2nd volume. Tehran: Toosan; 1981. p. 783. [Arabic-Persian]
[18]Majlesi M. Behar alAanvar. 62th volume. Beirut: Alvafa Institute; 1984. p. 166. [Arabic]
[19]Majlesi M. Behar alAanvar. 73th volume. Beirut: Alvafa Institute; 1984. p. 189. [Arabic]
[20]Khazeni AA. Mizan al-Hekma. Tehran: Bonyade Farhange Iran;1967. [Persian]
[21]Majlesi M. Behar alAanvar. 17th volume. Beirut: Alvafa Institute; 1984. p. 314. [Arabic]
[22]Majlesi M. Behar alAanvar. 59th volume. Beirut: Alvafa Institute; 1984. p. 293. [Arabic]
[23]Ibn Shoba H. Tohaf al-Oghool an al-e al-Rasoul. Qom: DarolHadsith; 2007. [Arabic-Persian]
[24]Ibn-e Babawayh MA. Man la-yahzera al-Faghih. 4th volume. Tehran: Feyz-e Kashani; 2000. p. 360. [Persian]
[25]Motaghi Hindi A. Kanz al-Amal. 5th volume. Qom: Darolhadith; 1996. p. 421. [Persian]
[26] Mehrizi M. Sadrayi Khoei A. Mirath-i hadith-i Shiah. 2nd volume. Qom: Darolhadith; 1998.
[27] Mohamady Reishahri M. Mizanol Hekmat. 2nd edition. Tehran: Darol Hadith Publishers; 2000. [Persian]
[28]Majlesi M. Behar alAanvar. 75th volume Beirut: Alvafa Institute; 1984. p. 164. [Arabic]
[29]Sheykh-e Sadough. Savab al-Amal. Qom: Armaghan Tooba; 1989. p. 181. [Persian]
[30]Javadi Amoli A. Tasnim interpretation. 5th volume. Qom: Osra Publication; 2008. p. 248. [Persian]
[31] Valizade A, Azarbayjani M. The first test of jealousy measurement based on Islamic sources. J Psychol Relig. 2010;3(2):45-60. [Persian]
[32]Akbari AR, Fathi Ashtiyani A. Compilation of scaleticism based on religious texts. Psychol Relig. 2009;2(4):71-100. [Persian]
[33]Ebrahimi A, Bahrami. Preparation and validation of the scale of the next-world assessment; a preliminary study. Psychol Relig. 2011;5(4):53-70. [Persian]
[34]Maleki R, Aslanpur M. Relationship between conflict resolution styles, occupational interests and empathy in university students. J Mod Industrial Organ Psychol. 2011;2(6):65-73. [Persian]
[35]Noor Alizadeh Miyanji M. The relationship of God to consciousness with self-consciousness [Dissertation]. Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute; 2011. [Persian]
[36]Naroei R, Salehi AM, jandaghi Gh. The effect of god's remembrance on self-restraint based on islamic resources. Psychol Relig. 2013;6(2):19-30. [Persian]
[37]Shuler PA, Gelberg L, Brown M. The effect of spiritual/religious practices on psychological well-bing among inner city homeless woman. Nurse Pract Forum. 1994;5(2):106-13.
[38]Abedidni N. The role of mourning Muharram in students' sexual self-restraint. Psychol Relig. 2010;3(1):43-53. [Persian]
[39]The Effect of Promoting Religious Attitudes on Reducing Juvenile Criminal Behavior in the Central Prison of Qom [Dissertation]. Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute;2010. [Persian]
[40]Hateley BJ. Spiritual well-being through life histories. J Relig Aging. 1985;1(2):63-71
[41]Hood-Morris LE.A spiritual well-being model: use with older women who experience depression. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 1996:17(5):439-55.
[42]Dehshiri Gh, Sohrabi AF, Jafari I, Najafi M. Psychometric Properties of Spiritual Well-being Scale among Students. Psychol Stud. 2007;4(3):129-44. [Persian]
[43] Sadr al-Din Shirazi MEGh. Margin on the healing theology. Qom: Bidar; 1984.
[44]Toubayei MT. An overview of the position of the end-truth in Islamic management and its implications in the field of planning. Islam Law Res J. 2006;(23-24):17-40. [Persian]