@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2017;9(4):217-223
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2017;9(4):217-223
Effectiveness of Two Approaches of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on Psychological Well-being of Veterans’ Wives with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Isanejad O. (*)Azadbakht F. (1)
(*) Department of Family Counseling, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
(1) Department of Family Counseling, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Correspondence
Address: University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran Avenue, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. Postal Code: 66177-15175Phone: +98 (87) 33664600
Fax: +98 (87) 33660077
farhangmad@gmail.com
Article History
Received: May 30, 2017Accepted: September 26, 2017
ePublished: November 6, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
Although war finished years ago, disabled veterans are still experiencing a lot of physical and psychological problems, which can seriously affect well-being of their wives and other members of their families. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of two approaches: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on psychological well-being of veterans’ wives with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up phase after one month was conducted in 2016 among 43 veterans’ wives with PTSD in Kuhdasht city. The subjects were randomly selected and randomly assigned into ACT group (13 people), MBCT group (13 people) and control group (15 people). Experimental groups were treated in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group received no cure. Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RSPB) was employed as the data collection instrument. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 using repeated measures analysis of variance, multiple analysis of variance and Shafa's post hoc test.
Findings This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up phase after one month was conducted in 2016 among 43 veterans’ wives with PTSD in Kuhdasht city. The subjects were randomly selected and randomly assigned into ACT group (13 people), MBCT group (13 people) and control group (15 people). Experimental groups were treated in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group received no cure. Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RSPB) was employed as the data collection instrument. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 using repeated measures analysis of variance, multiple analysis of variance and Shafa's post hoc test.
Conclusion Two approaches of ACT and MBCT are effective on increasing the psychological well-being of veterans' wives with PTSD.
Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up phase after one month was conducted in 2016 among 43 veterans’ wives with PTSD in Kuhdasht city. The subjects were randomly selected and randomly assigned into ACT group (13 people), MBCT group (13 people) and control group (15 people). Experimental groups were treated in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group received no cure. Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RSPB) was employed as the data collection instrument. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 using repeated measures analysis of variance, multiple analysis of variance and Shafa's post hoc test.
Findings This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up phase after one month was conducted in 2016 among 43 veterans’ wives with PTSD in Kuhdasht city. The subjects were randomly selected and randomly assigned into ACT group (13 people), MBCT group (13 people) and control group (15 people). Experimental groups were treated in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group received no cure. Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RSPB) was employed as the data collection instrument. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 using repeated measures analysis of variance, multiple analysis of variance and Shafa's post hoc test.
Conclusion Two approaches of ACT and MBCT are effective on increasing the psychological well-being of veterans' wives with PTSD.
Keywords:
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) ,
Mental Health,
Mindfulness,
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ,
CITATION LINKS
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[25]Twohig MP. Acceptance and commitment therapy for treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: A case study. Cogn Behav Pract. 2009;16(3):243-52.
[26]Narimani M, Bakhshayesh R. The effectiveness of acceptance/ commitment training on the psychological well-being, emotional and marital satisfaction in divorce. J Counsel Res. 2014;13(52):108-23.
[27]Arch JJ, Craske MG. Acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: Different treatments, similar mechanisms?. Clin Psychol Sci Practice. 2008;15(4):263-79.
[28]Lee V, Cohen SR, Edgar L, Laizner AM, Gagnon AJ. Meaning-making intervention during breast or colorectal cancer treatment improves self-esteem, optimism, and self-efficacy. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(12):3133-45.
[29]Carlson C, Clemmer F, Jennings T, Thompson C, Page L. Organizational development 101: Lessons from Star Wars. J Individ Psychol. 2007;63(3):425-39.
[30]Baggerly J, Parker M. Child‐centered group play therapy with african american boys at the elementary school level. J Couns Dev. 2005;83(4):387-96.
[31]Godfrin KA, Van Heeringen C. The effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on recurrence of depressive episodes, mental health and quality of life: A randomized controlled study. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(8):738-46.
[32]Carmody J, Baer RA. Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. J Behav Med. 2008;31(1):23-33.
[33]Baroni D, Nerini A, Matera C, Stefanile C. Mindfulness and emotional distress: The mediating role of psychological well-being. Curr Psychol. 2016:1-10. Available From: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-016-9524-1.
[34]Brown KW, Kasser T. Are psychological and ecological well-being compatible? The role of values, mindfulness, and lifestyle. Social Indic Res. 2005;74(2):349-68.
[35]Brown KW, Ryan RM, Creswell JD. Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychol Inq. 2007;18(4):211-37.
[36]Williams M, Penman D. Mindfulness: a practical guide to finding peace in a frantic world. London: Hachette UK; 2011.
[37]Falkenström F. Studying mindfulness in experienced meditators: A quasi-experimental approach. Personal Individ Differ. 2010;48(3):305-10.
[38]Flugel Colle KF1, Vincent A, Cha SS, Loehrer LL, Bauer BA, Wahner-Roedler DL. Measurement of quality of life and participant experience with the mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2010;16(1):36-40.
[39]Papageorgiou C, Wells A. Positive beliefs about depressive rumination: Development and preliminary validation of a self-report scale. Behav Ther. 2001;32(1):13-26.
[40]Yosefi N, Sohrabi A. Comparing the effectiveness of family therapy approaches based on marital quality in the presence of mind and metacognition clients on the verge of divorce. J Fam Counsel Psychoth. 2011;1(2):192-211. [Persian]
[41]Mahmoodi A, Sepahmansour M, Hasani F, Mohammadkhani P, Larijani G. A comparison of the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy and metacognitive therapy on depressive symptoms, positive and negative beliefs about rumination and experiential avoidance in students. J Psychol Stud. 2014;10(2):27-50. [Persian]
[42]Kelley ML, Jouriles EN. An introduction to the special section on US Military operations: Effects on military members' partners and children. J Fam Psycho 2011;25(4):459-60.
[43]Kavyani H, Javaheri F, Bhyrayy H. The reduction of automatic thoughts (MBCT) effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy Negative, dysfunctional attitudes, depression and anxiety: Track 60 days. News Cog Sci. 2005;7(1):49-59. [Persian]
[44]Kiani A, Ghasemi N, Porabbas A. Compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy based on mindfulness on craving and emotion regulation in Methamphetamine. Res Addict. 2012;6(24):27-37. [Persian]
[45]Clarke PJ, Marshall VW, Ryff CD, Wheaton B. Measuring psychological well-being in the Canadian study of health and aging. Int Psychogeriatr. 2001;13(Suppl 1):79-90.
[46]Khanjani M, Shahidi S, Fathabadi J, Mazaheri M, Shokri O. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being, short form (18-item) among male and female students. JClinPsychol. 2014;8(32):27-36. [Persian]
[47] Crane R. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy. Canada: Routledge; 2008.
[2]Mehri Nejad S A, Ramezan Saatchi L. Impact of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Depression,Anger and Emotion Regulation of Veterans’ Spouses. Iran J War Pub Health. 2016;8(3):141-8. [Persian]
[3]Hatami H, Seyed Nozadi M, Majlesi F, Eftchar Ardebili H, Razavi SM, Parizade SMJ. Comprehensive public health. Tehran: Arjmand Publisher; 2008. [Persian]
[4]McDermott MJ, Fulwiler JC, Smitherman TA, Gratz KL, Connolly KM, Tull MT. The relation of PTSD symptoms to migraine and headache-related disability among substance dependent inpatients. J Behav Med. 2016;39(2):300-9.
[5]Yambo TW, Johnson ME, Delaney KR, Hamilton R, Miller AM, York JA. Experiences of military spouses of veterans with combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2016;48(6):543-51.
[6]Birur B, Moore NC, Davis LL. An evidence-based review of early intervention and prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder. Community Ment Health j. 2017;53(2):183-201.
[7]Renshaw KD, Rodrigues CS, Jones DH. Psychological symptoms and marital satisfaction in spouses of Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans: relationships with spouses' perceptions of veterans' experiences and symptoms. J Fam Psychol. 2008;22(4):586-94.
[8]Galovski T, Lyons JA. Psychological sequelae of combat violence: A review of the impact of PTSD on the veteran's family and possible interventions. Aggress Violent Behav. 2004;9(5):477-501.
[9]Abolmaali Kh, Kamal A. Effect of Schema-Based Learning on Reducing the Symptoms of Secondary Traumatic Stress in Wives of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Veterans. Iran J War Pub Health. 2015;1(1):21-8. [Persian]
[10]Henry SB, Smith DB, Archuleta KL, Sanders‐Hahs E, Goff BS, Reisbig AM, et al. Trauma and couples: Mechanisms in dyadic functioning. J Marital Fam Ther. 2011;37(3):319-32.
[11]Hart A. An operators manual for combat PTSD. 1th edition. Bloomington: iUniverse; 2000.
[12]Kazemi AS, Banijamali SA, Ahadi H, Farrokhi N. Evaluation of effectiveness of training cognitive behavioral strategies in the secondary traumatic stress disorder (STSD) symptoms and psychological problems among devotees' wives with chronic PTSD due to war. Med Sci J. 2012;22(2):122-9.
[13]Klarić M, Kvesić A, Mandić V, Petrov B, Frančišković T. Secondary traumatisation and systemic traumatic stress. Psychiatr Danub. 2013;1:29-36.
[14]Mosavi MR, Rashidi A, Gol mohamadian M. Investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital satisfaction of veterans and freedman spouses. J Appl Couns. 2015;6(2):97-119. [Persian]
[15]Kim ES, Sun JK, Park N, Peterson C. Purpose in life and reduced incidence of stroke in older adults: The Health and Retirement Study. J Psychosom Res. 2013;74(5):427-32.
[16]Boehm JK, Kubzansky LD. The heart's content: the association between positive psychological well-being and cardiovascular health. Psychol Bull. 2012;138(4):655-91.
[17]Kim ES, Kubzansky LD, Soo J, Boehm JK. Maintaining healthy behavior: A prospective study of psychological well-being and physical activity. Ann Behav Med. 2017;51(3):337-47.
[18]Ryff CD, Keyes CLM. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. J Personal Soc Psychol. 1995;69(4):719-27.
[19]Juarascio AS, Forman EM, Herbert JD. Acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive therapy for the treatment of comorbid eating pathology. Behav Modif. 2010;34(2):175-90.
[20]Hayes SC. Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behav Ther. 2004;35(4):639-65.
[21]Mohammad Khani P, Khanipour H. Mindfulness-based therapy. Tehran: University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. 2012.
[22]Davis DM, Hayes JA. What are the benefits of mindfulness? A practice review of psychotherapy-related research. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2011;48(2):198-208.
[23]Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Witt AA, Oh D. The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010;78(2):169-83.
[24]Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 200;84(4):822-48.
[25]Twohig MP. Acceptance and commitment therapy for treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: A case study. Cogn Behav Pract. 2009;16(3):243-52.
[26]Narimani M, Bakhshayesh R. The effectiveness of acceptance/ commitment training on the psychological well-being, emotional and marital satisfaction in divorce. J Counsel Res. 2014;13(52):108-23.
[27]Arch JJ, Craske MG. Acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: Different treatments, similar mechanisms?. Clin Psychol Sci Practice. 2008;15(4):263-79.
[28]Lee V, Cohen SR, Edgar L, Laizner AM, Gagnon AJ. Meaning-making intervention during breast or colorectal cancer treatment improves self-esteem, optimism, and self-efficacy. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(12):3133-45.
[29]Carlson C, Clemmer F, Jennings T, Thompson C, Page L. Organizational development 101: Lessons from Star Wars. J Individ Psychol. 2007;63(3):425-39.
[30]Baggerly J, Parker M. Child‐centered group play therapy with african american boys at the elementary school level. J Couns Dev. 2005;83(4):387-96.
[31]Godfrin KA, Van Heeringen C. The effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on recurrence of depressive episodes, mental health and quality of life: A randomized controlled study. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48(8):738-46.
[32]Carmody J, Baer RA. Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. J Behav Med. 2008;31(1):23-33.
[33]Baroni D, Nerini A, Matera C, Stefanile C. Mindfulness and emotional distress: The mediating role of psychological well-being. Curr Psychol. 2016:1-10. Available From: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-016-9524-1.
[34]Brown KW, Kasser T. Are psychological and ecological well-being compatible? The role of values, mindfulness, and lifestyle. Social Indic Res. 2005;74(2):349-68.
[35]Brown KW, Ryan RM, Creswell JD. Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychol Inq. 2007;18(4):211-37.
[36]Williams M, Penman D. Mindfulness: a practical guide to finding peace in a frantic world. London: Hachette UK; 2011.
[37]Falkenström F. Studying mindfulness in experienced meditators: A quasi-experimental approach. Personal Individ Differ. 2010;48(3):305-10.
[38]Flugel Colle KF1, Vincent A, Cha SS, Loehrer LL, Bauer BA, Wahner-Roedler DL. Measurement of quality of life and participant experience with the mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2010;16(1):36-40.
[39]Papageorgiou C, Wells A. Positive beliefs about depressive rumination: Development and preliminary validation of a self-report scale. Behav Ther. 2001;32(1):13-26.
[40]Yosefi N, Sohrabi A. Comparing the effectiveness of family therapy approaches based on marital quality in the presence of mind and metacognition clients on the verge of divorce. J Fam Counsel Psychoth. 2011;1(2):192-211. [Persian]
[41]Mahmoodi A, Sepahmansour M, Hasani F, Mohammadkhani P, Larijani G. A comparison of the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy and metacognitive therapy on depressive symptoms, positive and negative beliefs about rumination and experiential avoidance in students. J Psychol Stud. 2014;10(2):27-50. [Persian]
[42]Kelley ML, Jouriles EN. An introduction to the special section on US Military operations: Effects on military members' partners and children. J Fam Psycho 2011;25(4):459-60.
[43]Kavyani H, Javaheri F, Bhyrayy H. The reduction of automatic thoughts (MBCT) effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy Negative, dysfunctional attitudes, depression and anxiety: Track 60 days. News Cog Sci. 2005;7(1):49-59. [Persian]
[44]Kiani A, Ghasemi N, Porabbas A. Compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy based on mindfulness on craving and emotion regulation in Methamphetamine. Res Addict. 2012;6(24):27-37. [Persian]
[45]Clarke PJ, Marshall VW, Ryff CD, Wheaton B. Measuring psychological well-being in the Canadian study of health and aging. Int Psychogeriatr. 2001;13(Suppl 1):79-90.
[46]Khanjani M, Shahidi S, Fathabadi J, Mazaheri M, Shokri O. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being, short form (18-item) among male and female students. JClinPsychol. 2014;8(32):27-36. [Persian]
[47] Crane R. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy. Canada: Routledge; 2008.