@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2228-5468 Education Strategies in Medical Sciences 2015;8(5):287-294
ISSN: 2228-5468 Education Strategies in Medical Sciences 2015;8(5):287-294
Sources of Nursing Clinical Education Stressors and Students’ Coping Styles Against Them
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Orujlu S. (1)Hemmati Maslak Pak M. (*)
Ghavipanjeh S. (1)
(*) Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
(1) Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
(1) Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Nazloo Paradise, Kilometer 11 of Sarv Road, Urmia, IranPhone: +984432754961
Fax: +984432754961
hemmatma@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: September 5, 2015Accepted: October 14, 2015
ePublished: January 10, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
Unlike many other student groups, the nursing students, due to their educational field and profession, are facing with many stressful factors, while they should adapt themselves with such conditions. In addition, based on the psychological theories, the coping styles play an important role to reduce stress and therefore, they affect general health of persons. The aim of this study was to determine the stressful sources of clinical education and coping styles in the nursing students.
Instrument & Methods In this descriptive-analytic study, 309 nursing students of Urmia Nursing and Midwifery Faculty were studied via census method in 2014. Data was collected, using a demographic characteristic form, Perceived Stress Scale, and Coping Skills Questionnaire. Data was analyzed in SPSS 20 software using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman Correlation tests.
Findings The highest and the lowest stressful factors were “teachers and nursing staff” and “patient care”, respectively. Problem-centered coping skills were used by the nursing students more than emotion-centered coping style. There were significant differences in general stress mean score and general score of coping styles between female and male students, as well as between students of different educational classes (p<0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between perceived stress of clinical education and the emotion-centered coping style (p=0.0001; r=0.3).
Conclusion The highest stressful factor of clinical education in the nursing students is “teachers and nursing staff”. In addition, problem-based coping skills were used by the nursing students more than the emotion-based coping style.
Instrument & Methods In this descriptive-analytic study, 309 nursing students of Urmia Nursing and Midwifery Faculty were studied via census method in 2014. Data was collected, using a demographic characteristic form, Perceived Stress Scale, and Coping Skills Questionnaire. Data was analyzed in SPSS 20 software using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman Correlation tests.
Findings The highest and the lowest stressful factors were “teachers and nursing staff” and “patient care”, respectively. Problem-centered coping skills were used by the nursing students more than emotion-centered coping style. There were significant differences in general stress mean score and general score of coping styles between female and male students, as well as between students of different educational classes (p<0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between perceived stress of clinical education and the emotion-centered coping style (p=0.0001; r=0.3).
Conclusion The highest stressful factor of clinical education in the nursing students is “teachers and nursing staff”. In addition, problem-based coping skills were used by the nursing students more than the emotion-based coping style.
CITATION LINKS
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[22]Tuncay T, Musabak I, EnginGoK D, Kutlu M. The relationship between anxiety, coping strategies and characteristics of patients with diabetes. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2008;6:791-9.
[23]Niknami M, Dehghani F, Bouraki SH, Kazemnejad Leili E, Soleimani R. Strategies among students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Holist Nurs Midwifery. 2015;24(74):62-8. [Persian]
[24]Momeni Kh, Shahbazi Rad A. Relationship of spirituality, resiliency, and coping strategies with quality of life in university students. J Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):97-103. [Persian]
[25]Jafari A, Amiri Majd M, Esfandiary Z. Relationship between personality characteristics and coping strategies with job stress in nurses. Q J Nurs Manag. 2013;1(4):36-44. [Persian]
[26]Mazlum Befruei N, Afkhami Ardakani M, Shams Esfandabadi H, Jalali MR. Investigating the simple and multiple resilience and hardiness with problem-oriented and emotional-oriented coping styles in diabetes type 2 in Yazd city. J Diabetes Nurs. 2014;1(2):39-49. [Persian]
[27]Goff AM. Stressors, academic performance, and learned resourcefulness in baccalaureate nursing students. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2011;8(1):1-20.
[28]Pillips JK. Exploring student nurse anesthetist stressors and coping using grounded theory methodology. J Am Assoc Nurs Anesth. 2010;78(6):474-82.
[29]Tyler PA, Gushway D. Stress, coping and mental wellbeing in hospital nurses. Stress Med. 1992;8(2):91-8.
[30]Douglas MK, Meleis AI, Eribes C, Kim S. The work of auxiliary nurses in Mexico: stressors, satisfiers and coping strategies. Int J Nurs Stud. 1996;33(5):495-505.
[31]Labrague L. Stress, stressors, and stress responses of student nurses in a government nursing school. Health Sci J. 2013;7(4):424-35.
[32]Lim J, Bogossian F, Ahern K. Stress and coping in Singaporean nurses: A literature review. Nurs Health Sci. 2010;12(2):251-58.
[33]Samsi Khani S, Rahgoo A, Fallahi Khoshknab M, Rahgozar M. Effects of problem solving training on coping skills of suicidal clients. Iran J Nurs Res. 2007;1(3):31-9. [Persian]
[34]Hatamloo Sadabadi M, Babapour Kheirodin J. Comparison of quality of life and coping strategies in diabetic and non-diabetic people. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2013;20(5):581-92. [Persian]
[35]Chan KL, So KW, Fong YT. Hong Kong baccalaureate nursing students' stress and their coping strategies in clinical practice. J Prof Nurs. 2009;25(5):307-13.
[36]Pagana KD. Stress and threats reported by baccalaureate students in relation to an initial clinical experience. J Nurs Educ. 1988;27(9):418-24.
[37]Sharma N, Kaur A. Factors associated with stress among nursing students. Nurs Midwifery Res J. 2011;7(1):12-21.
[38]Papazisis G, Tsiga E, Papanikolaou N, Vlasiadis I, Sapountzi-Krepia D. Psychological distress, anxiety and depression among nursing students in Greece. Int J Caring Sci. 2008;1(1):42-6.
[39]Gibbons C, Dempster M, Moutry M. Stress and eustress in nursing students. J Adv Nurs. 2008;61(3):282-90.
[40]Wejdan A, Laila M, Insaf A. Sources of stress and coping behaviors in clinical practice among baccalaureate nursing students. Int J Humanit Soc Sci. 2014;4(6):194-202.
[41]Mahat G. Stress and coping: Junior baccalaureate nursing students in clinical settings. Nurs Forum. 1998;33(1):11-9.
[42]Lo R. A longitudinal study of perceived level of stress, coping and self-esteem of undergraduate nursing students: an Australian case study. J Adv Nurs. 2002;39(2):119-26.
[43]Wang HF, Yeh MC. Stress, coping, and psychological health of vocational high school nursing students associated with a competitive entrance exam. J Nurs Res. 2005;13(2):106-16.
[44]Khodayarifard M, Ghobari-Bonab B, Shokoohi-Yekta M. Stress and coping styles in university students. Psycholo Res. 2008;11(3-4):27-44. [Persian]
[45]Tully A. Stress, sources of stress and ways of coping among psychiatric nursing students. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2004;11(1):43-7.
[46]Samari AA, LaleeFaz A, Askari AA. An investigation on supportive resources and coping styles with stressors in university students. J Fundam Ment Health. 2006;8(31-32):97-107. [Persian]
[2]Jimenez C, Pilar Martínez Navia-Osorio PM, Vacas Diaz C. Stress and health in novice and experienced nursing students. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66(2):442-55.
[3]Blum CA, Borglund S, Parcells D. High-fidelity nursing simulation: Impact on student self-confidence and clinical competence. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2010;7(1):1548-923.
[4]Pulido-Martos M, Augusto-Landa JM, Lopez-Zafra E. Sources of stress in nursing students: a systematic review of quantitative studies. Int Nurs Rev. 2012;59(1):15-25.
[5]Greenberger E, McLaughlin CS. Attachment, coping and explanatory Style in late adolescence. J Youth Adolesc. 1998;27(2):121-39.
[6]McIntrye JG, Dusek JB. Perceived parental rearing practices and styles of coping. J Youth Adolesc. 1995;24(4):499-509.
[7]Aldwin CM. Stress, coping and development: An integrative perspective. New York: Guilford; 1994. pp. 24-39.
[8]Frydenberg E. Adolescent coping: Theoretical and research perspectives. London: Routledge; 1997.
[9]Compas BE, Connor-Smith JK, Saltzman H, Thomsen AH, Wadsworth ME. Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychol Bull. 2001;127(1):87-127.
[10]Lafreniere KD, Ledgerwood DM. Influences of leaving home, perceived family support and gender on the transition to university. Guidance Couns. 1997;12(4):14-8.
[11]Abazari F, Abbaszadeh A, Arab M. Stress rate and stressors in nursing students. Strides Dev Med Educ. 2003;1(1):23-31. [Persian]
[12]Moattari M, Soltani A, Mousavinasab M, Aiattollahi A. The effect of problem solving skill training on self-concept of nursing students of the Shiraz faculty of nursing and midwifery. Iran J Educ Med Sc. 2005;5(2):137-55. [Persian]
[13]Rezaei SH, Hoseini AM, Falahi KhoshktabM. evaluating impact of communication skills training on level of job stress among nursing personnel working at rehabilitation centers in cities: Ray- Tehran- Shemiranat. Teharan Univ Med J. 2006;64(1):21-6. [Persian]
[14]Abazeri F, Abbaszadeh A, Arab M, Rashidinejad M. Stressors in nursing university in Rasht, Mashhad, Shirazproveniences. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2002;10(3):92-8. [Persian]
[15]Jones MC, Johnston DW. Reducing distress in first level and student nurses: A review of the applied stress management literature. J Adv Nurs. 2000;32(1):66-74.
[16]Sphandiary Gh. Stressors in students in medical sciences university of Kurdistan and relation with their general health. Teb & Tazkeyeh .2001;(43):57-64. [Persian]
[17]Hayati F, Mahmoodi M. Coping to stress in women with breast cancer referred to hospitals dependent to Tehran Medical Sciences University. Iran J Breast Dis. 2008;1(2):38-43. [Persian]
[18]Hassanshahi MM. The relationship between optimism and coping strategies in university students. Q J Fundam Ment Health. 2002;4(15):86-98. [Persian]
[19]Thompson EA, Eggert LL, Randell BP, Pike KC. Eavluation of indicated suicide risk prevention approaches for potential high school dropouts. Am J Public Health. 2002;91(5):742-45.
[20]Bolhari J, Ehsanmanesh M, Karimi Kaisami E. Relationship between the stressors, stress symptoms, and reliance on God (Tavakkol) in medical students. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2000;6(1):20-5. [Persian]
[21]Goodarzi MA, Moieni Roodbali Z. The relationship between coping styles and mental health in Sepidan’s high school students. Daneshvar Raftar. 2006;13(19):23-32. [Persian]
[22]Tuncay T, Musabak I, EnginGoK D, Kutlu M. The relationship between anxiety, coping strategies and characteristics of patients with diabetes. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2008;6:791-9.
[23]Niknami M, Dehghani F, Bouraki SH, Kazemnejad Leili E, Soleimani R. Strategies among students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Holist Nurs Midwifery. 2015;24(74):62-8. [Persian]
[24]Momeni Kh, Shahbazi Rad A. Relationship of spirituality, resiliency, and coping strategies with quality of life in university students. J Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):97-103. [Persian]
[25]Jafari A, Amiri Majd M, Esfandiary Z. Relationship between personality characteristics and coping strategies with job stress in nurses. Q J Nurs Manag. 2013;1(4):36-44. [Persian]
[26]Mazlum Befruei N, Afkhami Ardakani M, Shams Esfandabadi H, Jalali MR. Investigating the simple and multiple resilience and hardiness with problem-oriented and emotional-oriented coping styles in diabetes type 2 in Yazd city. J Diabetes Nurs. 2014;1(2):39-49. [Persian]
[27]Goff AM. Stressors, academic performance, and learned resourcefulness in baccalaureate nursing students. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2011;8(1):1-20.
[28]Pillips JK. Exploring student nurse anesthetist stressors and coping using grounded theory methodology. J Am Assoc Nurs Anesth. 2010;78(6):474-82.
[29]Tyler PA, Gushway D. Stress, coping and mental wellbeing in hospital nurses. Stress Med. 1992;8(2):91-8.
[30]Douglas MK, Meleis AI, Eribes C, Kim S. The work of auxiliary nurses in Mexico: stressors, satisfiers and coping strategies. Int J Nurs Stud. 1996;33(5):495-505.
[31]Labrague L. Stress, stressors, and stress responses of student nurses in a government nursing school. Health Sci J. 2013;7(4):424-35.
[32]Lim J, Bogossian F, Ahern K. Stress and coping in Singaporean nurses: A literature review. Nurs Health Sci. 2010;12(2):251-58.
[33]Samsi Khani S, Rahgoo A, Fallahi Khoshknab M, Rahgozar M. Effects of problem solving training on coping skills of suicidal clients. Iran J Nurs Res. 2007;1(3):31-9. [Persian]
[34]Hatamloo Sadabadi M, Babapour Kheirodin J. Comparison of quality of life and coping strategies in diabetic and non-diabetic people. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2013;20(5):581-92. [Persian]
[35]Chan KL, So KW, Fong YT. Hong Kong baccalaureate nursing students' stress and their coping strategies in clinical practice. J Prof Nurs. 2009;25(5):307-13.
[36]Pagana KD. Stress and threats reported by baccalaureate students in relation to an initial clinical experience. J Nurs Educ. 1988;27(9):418-24.
[37]Sharma N, Kaur A. Factors associated with stress among nursing students. Nurs Midwifery Res J. 2011;7(1):12-21.
[38]Papazisis G, Tsiga E, Papanikolaou N, Vlasiadis I, Sapountzi-Krepia D. Psychological distress, anxiety and depression among nursing students in Greece. Int J Caring Sci. 2008;1(1):42-6.
[39]Gibbons C, Dempster M, Moutry M. Stress and eustress in nursing students. J Adv Nurs. 2008;61(3):282-90.
[40]Wejdan A, Laila M, Insaf A. Sources of stress and coping behaviors in clinical practice among baccalaureate nursing students. Int J Humanit Soc Sci. 2014;4(6):194-202.
[41]Mahat G. Stress and coping: Junior baccalaureate nursing students in clinical settings. Nurs Forum. 1998;33(1):11-9.
[42]Lo R. A longitudinal study of perceived level of stress, coping and self-esteem of undergraduate nursing students: an Australian case study. J Adv Nurs. 2002;39(2):119-26.
[43]Wang HF, Yeh MC. Stress, coping, and psychological health of vocational high school nursing students associated with a competitive entrance exam. J Nurs Res. 2005;13(2):106-16.
[44]Khodayarifard M, Ghobari-Bonab B, Shokoohi-Yekta M. Stress and coping styles in university students. Psycholo Res. 2008;11(3-4):27-44. [Persian]
[45]Tully A. Stress, sources of stress and ways of coping among psychiatric nursing students. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2004;11(1):43-7.
[46]Samari AA, LaleeFaz A, Askari AA. An investigation on supportive resources and coping styles with stressors in university students. J Fundam Ment Health. 2006;8(31-32):97-107. [Persian]