@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(4):265-271
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2017;23(4):265-271
Relationship between Amount of Exited Blood During Wetcupping with Patient's Individual Conditions and the Time of Doing it
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Ghazanfari S.M. (1)Yousefi M. (1)
Feyzabadi Z. (1)
Saki A. (2)
Taghipour A. (2)
Saeedi Nik A. (3)
Mehri M.R. (*)
(*) Iranian Traditional Medicine Department, Traditional & Complementary Medicine Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
(1) Iranian Traditional Medicine Department, Traditional & Complementary Medicine Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
(2) Epidemiology & Biostatistics Department, Health Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
(3) Saveh Healthcare Network, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Traditional & Complementary Medicine Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Next to Sina Hospital, East Razi Street, Mashhad, IranPhone: +98 (51) 38552188
Fax: +98 (51) 38549880
mehrimr1@mums.ac.ir
Article History
Received: November 23, 2016Accepted: August 4, 2017
ePublished: September 28, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
Wet-cupping as a therapeutic method has been recommended to be done
on certain days based on authentic sources of traditional medicine in Iran. The
purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between amount of
exited blood during wet-cupping with patient's individual conditions and the
time it was performed.
Materials & Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 391 men who were referred to a cupping center in Saveh city in the spring of 2016, were selected by simple sampling and wet-cupping in the position between the two scapula was performed. The research instrument was a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, date of reference (day, month and year), age, height, weight and amount of exited blood during the wet-cupping in gram. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software and using chi-square test, paired t test and one-way analysis of variance.
Findings The means of age, weight and body mass index were significantly related to the mean of amount of exited blood during wet-cupping (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between different days of the week and between days of lunar month (p>0.05), but the amount of exited blood was higher in people with previous history of wet-cupping than those without previous history (p<0.001). Also, in people with hypertension, the amount of exited blood was higher than other treatment groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion Individual characteristics such as age, weight, body mass index, cause of referral and previous history of wet-cupping affect the amount of exited blood during wet-cupping, but the time of wet-cupping (day and month) does not affect the amount of exited blood.
Materials & Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 391 men who were referred to a cupping center in Saveh city in the spring of 2016, were selected by simple sampling and wet-cupping in the position between the two scapula was performed. The research instrument was a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, date of reference (day, month and year), age, height, weight and amount of exited blood during the wet-cupping in gram. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software and using chi-square test, paired t test and one-way analysis of variance.
Findings The means of age, weight and body mass index were significantly related to the mean of amount of exited blood during wet-cupping (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between different days of the week and between days of lunar month (p>0.05), but the amount of exited blood was higher in people with previous history of wet-cupping than those without previous history (p<0.001). Also, in people with hypertension, the amount of exited blood was higher than other treatment groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion Individual characteristics such as age, weight, body mass index, cause of referral and previous history of wet-cupping affect the amount of exited blood during wet-cupping, but the time of wet-cupping (day and month) does not affect the amount of exited blood.
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Avicenna A. Ghanoon dar Teb (Canon). Sharafkandi A, translator. Tehran: Sorush Press; 2010.
[3]Nimrouzi M, Kordafshar G, Jaladat AM. An overview of the use and effects of wet cupping in Iranian traditional medicine. Hist Med J. 2014;4(12):160-82. [Persian]
[4]Tahmasebi R, Sheykh N, Manouchehrian N, Babaei M. Comparison venous blood and blood from cupping the amounts of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and uric acid. J Islam Iran Traditional Med. 2015;5(4):269-74. [Persian]
[5]Razi M. Al-Mansoori fi al-Teb. Kuwait: Al-Monzamat al-Arabiat Le-l-Tarbiat va al-Seghaiat va al-Oloom Publishering; 1987.
[6]Aghili K. Kholasa al Hekma. Ghom: Esmaeelian Press; 2006.
[7]Nasrollapour Shirvani SD, Ashrafian Amiri H, Yadollahpour MH. Optimism and concerns about the promotion and development of wet cupping in Iran. J Islam Health. 2015;1(4):64-71. [Persian]
[8]Jorjani E. Zakhireh kharazmshahi. Tehran: Bonyade Farhang Iran Press; 1992.
[9]Danyali F, Vaezmahdavi MR, Ghazanfari T, Naseri M. Comparison of venus blood with blood from wet cupping in terms of hematological and biochemical factors and immunological responses. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009;13(1):78-87. [Persian]
[10]Adelinejad F. Wet cupping. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2010;13(1):55-7. [Persian]
[11]Parvizi M, Emamalarizi S. Elderly health care in iranian traditional medicine. J Islamic Iran Tradit Med. 2016;7(1):35-40. [Persian]
[12]Movahedabtahi SM, Glive R. Tebbol Reza (Reza's medicine): A template for the islamic medicine. Proceedings of the First National Conference on Management of Islamic Medicine. Qom: Qom University of Medical Sciences; 2007. pp. 159-80. [Persian]
[13]Arzani M. Mofarah-ol-Gholoub. Nazem E, Baghbani M, editors. Tehran: Almaee Publications; 2008.
[14]Shervani A, Ansari A, Ansari Sh, Nikhat S. Hijamat: The renaissance masterpiece of medical sciences in Unani system. J Int Society Hist Islam Med (Jishim). 2009-2010;7-8:38-41.
[15]Tehrani Banihashemi SA, Asgharifard H, Haghdoost AA, Barghamadi M, Mohammadhoseini N. The use of complementary/alternative medicine among the general population in Tehran, Iran. Payesh. 2008;7(4):355-62.
[16]Daniels G, Poroch D, De Roach J. Blood letting for BSL: the effects of timing and sites on blood volume. Aust J Adv Nurs. 1995;12(3):11-4.
[17]Huber R, Emerich M, Braeunig M. Cupping–is it reproducible? Experiments about factors determining the vacuum. Complement Ther Med. 2011;19(2):78-83.
[18]Pearson T, Guthrie D, Simpson J, Chinn S, Barosi G, Ferrant A, et al. Interpretation of measured red cell mass and plasma volume in adults: Expert panel on radionuclides of the international council for standardization in haematology. Br J Haematol. 1995;89(4):748-56.
[19]Feldschuh J, Enson Y. Prediction of the normal blood volume. Relation of blood volume to body habitus. Circulation. 1977;56(4 Pt 1):605-12.
[20]Feldschuh J, Katz S. The importance of correct norms in blood volume measurement. Am J Med Sci. 2007;334(1):41-6.
[21]Gibson 2nd JG, Evans Jr WA. Clinical studies of the blood volume. II. The relation of plasma and total blood volume to venous pressure, blood velocity rate, physical measurements, age and sex in ninety normal humans. J Clin Invest. 1937;16(3):317-28.
[22]Wennesland R, Brown E, Hopper Jr J, Hodges Jr J, Guttentag O, Scott K, et al. Red cell, plasma and blood volume in healthy men measured by radiochromium (Cr51) cell tagging and hematocrit: Influence of age, somatotype and habits of physical activity on the variance after regression of volumes to height and weight combined. J Clin Invest. 1959;38(7):1065-77.
[23]Hashem Dabbaghian F, Gooshegir SA, Siadati SM. Assessment of the Frequency of Hejamat Centers and Characteristics of Their Clients, Tehran 2006. Razi Med J. 2008;15(58):199-206.
[24]Lauche R, Cramer H, Hohmann C, Choi KE, Rampp T, Saha FJ, et al. The effect of traditional cupping on pain and mechanical thresholds in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain: A randomised controlled pilot study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:429718.
[25]Ghods R, Sayfouri N, Ayati MH. Anatomical Features of the Interscapular Area Where Wet Cupping Therapy Is Done and Its Possible Relation to Acupuncture Meridians. J Acupuncture Meridian Stud. 2016;9(6):290-6.
[26]Lifton RP, Gharavi AG, Geller DS. Molecular Mechanisms of Human Hypertension. Cell. 2001;104(4):545-56.
[27]Zarei M, Hejazi Sh, Javadi SA, Farahani H. The efficacy of wet cupping in the treatment of hypertension. Atheroscler J. 2012;8(Special Issue):S145-8.
[28]Aleyeidi NA, Aseri KS, Matbouli SM, Sulaiamani AA, Kobeisy SA. Effects of wet-cupping on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med. 2015;13(6):391-9.
[29]Lee MS, Choi TY, Shin BC, Kim JI, Nam SS. Cupping for hypertension: A systematic review. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2010;32(7):423-5.
[30]Cabrales P, Intaglietta M, Tsai AG. Increase plasma viscosity sustains microcirculation after resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock and continuous bleeding. Shock. 2005;23(6):549-55.
[2]Avicenna A. Ghanoon dar Teb (Canon). Sharafkandi A, translator. Tehran: Sorush Press; 2010.
[3]Nimrouzi M, Kordafshar G, Jaladat AM. An overview of the use and effects of wet cupping in Iranian traditional medicine. Hist Med J. 2014;4(12):160-82. [Persian]
[4]Tahmasebi R, Sheykh N, Manouchehrian N, Babaei M. Comparison venous blood and blood from cupping the amounts of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and uric acid. J Islam Iran Traditional Med. 2015;5(4):269-74. [Persian]
[5]Razi M. Al-Mansoori fi al-Teb. Kuwait: Al-Monzamat al-Arabiat Le-l-Tarbiat va al-Seghaiat va al-Oloom Publishering; 1987.
[6]Aghili K. Kholasa al Hekma. Ghom: Esmaeelian Press; 2006.
[7]Nasrollapour Shirvani SD, Ashrafian Amiri H, Yadollahpour MH. Optimism and concerns about the promotion and development of wet cupping in Iran. J Islam Health. 2015;1(4):64-71. [Persian]
[8]Jorjani E. Zakhireh kharazmshahi. Tehran: Bonyade Farhang Iran Press; 1992.
[9]Danyali F, Vaezmahdavi MR, Ghazanfari T, Naseri M. Comparison of venus blood with blood from wet cupping in terms of hematological and biochemical factors and immunological responses. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009;13(1):78-87. [Persian]
[10]Adelinejad F. Wet cupping. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2010;13(1):55-7. [Persian]
[11]Parvizi M, Emamalarizi S. Elderly health care in iranian traditional medicine. J Islamic Iran Tradit Med. 2016;7(1):35-40. [Persian]
[12]Movahedabtahi SM, Glive R. Tebbol Reza (Reza's medicine): A template for the islamic medicine. Proceedings of the First National Conference on Management of Islamic Medicine. Qom: Qom University of Medical Sciences; 2007. pp. 159-80. [Persian]
[13]Arzani M. Mofarah-ol-Gholoub. Nazem E, Baghbani M, editors. Tehran: Almaee Publications; 2008.
[14]Shervani A, Ansari A, Ansari Sh, Nikhat S. Hijamat: The renaissance masterpiece of medical sciences in Unani system. J Int Society Hist Islam Med (Jishim). 2009-2010;7-8:38-41.
[15]Tehrani Banihashemi SA, Asgharifard H, Haghdoost AA, Barghamadi M, Mohammadhoseini N. The use of complementary/alternative medicine among the general population in Tehran, Iran. Payesh. 2008;7(4):355-62.
[16]Daniels G, Poroch D, De Roach J. Blood letting for BSL: the effects of timing and sites on blood volume. Aust J Adv Nurs. 1995;12(3):11-4.
[17]Huber R, Emerich M, Braeunig M. Cupping–is it reproducible? Experiments about factors determining the vacuum. Complement Ther Med. 2011;19(2):78-83.
[18]Pearson T, Guthrie D, Simpson J, Chinn S, Barosi G, Ferrant A, et al. Interpretation of measured red cell mass and plasma volume in adults: Expert panel on radionuclides of the international council for standardization in haematology. Br J Haematol. 1995;89(4):748-56.
[19]Feldschuh J, Enson Y. Prediction of the normal blood volume. Relation of blood volume to body habitus. Circulation. 1977;56(4 Pt 1):605-12.
[20]Feldschuh J, Katz S. The importance of correct norms in blood volume measurement. Am J Med Sci. 2007;334(1):41-6.
[21]Gibson 2nd JG, Evans Jr WA. Clinical studies of the blood volume. II. The relation of plasma and total blood volume to venous pressure, blood velocity rate, physical measurements, age and sex in ninety normal humans. J Clin Invest. 1937;16(3):317-28.
[22]Wennesland R, Brown E, Hopper Jr J, Hodges Jr J, Guttentag O, Scott K, et al. Red cell, plasma and blood volume in healthy men measured by radiochromium (Cr51) cell tagging and hematocrit: Influence of age, somatotype and habits of physical activity on the variance after regression of volumes to height and weight combined. J Clin Invest. 1959;38(7):1065-77.
[23]Hashem Dabbaghian F, Gooshegir SA, Siadati SM. Assessment of the Frequency of Hejamat Centers and Characteristics of Their Clients, Tehran 2006. Razi Med J. 2008;15(58):199-206.
[24]Lauche R, Cramer H, Hohmann C, Choi KE, Rampp T, Saha FJ, et al. The effect of traditional cupping on pain and mechanical thresholds in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain: A randomised controlled pilot study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:429718.
[25]Ghods R, Sayfouri N, Ayati MH. Anatomical Features of the Interscapular Area Where Wet Cupping Therapy Is Done and Its Possible Relation to Acupuncture Meridians. J Acupuncture Meridian Stud. 2016;9(6):290-6.
[26]Lifton RP, Gharavi AG, Geller DS. Molecular Mechanisms of Human Hypertension. Cell. 2001;104(4):545-56.
[27]Zarei M, Hejazi Sh, Javadi SA, Farahani H. The efficacy of wet cupping in the treatment of hypertension. Atheroscler J. 2012;8(Special Issue):S145-8.
[28]Aleyeidi NA, Aseri KS, Matbouli SM, Sulaiamani AA, Kobeisy SA. Effects of wet-cupping on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med. 2015;13(6):391-9.
[29]Lee MS, Choi TY, Shin BC, Kim JI, Nam SS. Cupping for hypertension: A systematic review. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2010;32(7):423-5.
[30]Cabrales P, Intaglietta M, Tsai AG. Increase plasma viscosity sustains microcirculation after resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock and continuous bleeding. Shock. 2005;23(6):549-55.