@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2016;8(4):235-241
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2016;8(4):235-241
Epidemiology of Mental Health Status of Veterans with Monocular Blindness; Case Study of Fars Province
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Manaei Z. (1)Abolmaali Alhossein Kh. (*)
Mousavi B. (2)
(*) Psychology Department, Psychology Faculty, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
(1) Psychology Department, Psychology Faculty, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
(2) Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Psychology Department, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Khamenei Boulevard, Roudehen, IranPhone: +98 (21) 77505018
Fax: +98 (21) 88577520
sama.abolmaali@gmail.com
Article History
Received: August 8, 2016Accepted: September 24, 2016
ePublished: November 21, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
Negatively affecting the quality of life of the blind persons, damages and disabilities, if they accompany with mental disorders, doubly reduce their quality of life. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and screening of mental health problems in the unilateral blinded veterans in Fars Province.
Instrument & Methods : In the descriptive cross-sectional study, 187 unilateral blinded veterans of Fars Province were studied in 2015. The subjects were selected via simple randomized sampling method. Data was collected by a demographic information questionnaire and SCL-90-R scale (a mental disorders symptoms checklist). Data was analyzed by SPSS 22 software using descriptive statistics and Chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient tests.
Findings The physical complaints (13.5%), hostility and anxiety (12.8%) were the most prevalent mental problem factors, respectively. In addition, the psychosis (8.9%) was the least prevalent factor than other factors. The problems of mental health were fully and significantly correlated with the educational level (p=0.02; r=13.16) and the accompanied damages (p=0.01; r=6.64).
Conclusion The physical complaints disorder, anxiety and hostility are the most prevalent mental problems in the unilateral blinded veterans of Fars Province. In addition, the psychosis and phobia are the least prevalent mental problems in the veterans.
Instrument & Methods : In the descriptive cross-sectional study, 187 unilateral blinded veterans of Fars Province were studied in 2015. The subjects were selected via simple randomized sampling method. Data was collected by a demographic information questionnaire and SCL-90-R scale (a mental disorders symptoms checklist). Data was analyzed by SPSS 22 software using descriptive statistics and Chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient tests.
Findings The physical complaints (13.5%), hostility and anxiety (12.8%) were the most prevalent mental problem factors, respectively. In addition, the psychosis (8.9%) was the least prevalent factor than other factors. The problems of mental health were fully and significantly correlated with the educational level (p=0.02; r=13.16) and the accompanied damages (p=0.01; r=6.64).
Conclusion The physical complaints disorder, anxiety and hostility are the most prevalent mental problems in the unilateral blinded veterans of Fars Province. In addition, the psychosis and phobia are the least prevalent mental problems in the veterans.
CITATION LINKS
[1]World Health Organization. Mental health: A state of well-being. Geneva: World Health Organization; August 2014.
[2]Malakouty K, Norouzy M. The role of follow-up and mental health programmes in rehabilitation of chronic mental patients. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 1995;2(1-2):41-7. [Persian]
[3]Ganji H. Mental Health. Tehran: Arasbaran Publication; 2014. [Persian]
[4]Lee Y. The predictive value of self assessed general, physical, and mental health on functional decline and mortality in older adults. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000;54(2):123-9.
[5]Modirian E, Mousavi SJ, Mousavi B, Soroush M, Khateri Sh, Hosseini M, et al. Mental health in severe ocular chemical injuries. Iran J War Public Health. 2015;7(3):139-45. [Persian]
[6]Sedighi Moghadam MR, Afshar H, Khateri Sh, Soroush M, Mousavi B, Mousavi SJ, et al. Mental health status in severe lung chemical injured veterans exposed to sulfur mustard. Iran J War Public Health. 2015;7(4):207-15. [Persian]
[7]Khademi MJ, Gharib M, Rashedi V. Prevalence of depression in the amputated patients concerning demographic variables. Iran J War Public Health. 2012;4(2):12-7. [Persian]
[8]Fahimi M, Kamali M, Saeedi H. Comparison of quality of life and depression in veterans and non-veterans with below knee traumatic amputation. Iran J War Public Health. 2014;6(4):143-9. [Persian]
[9]Hemmati MA, Shokoohi H, Masoumi M, KhateriSh, Soroush M, Modirian E, et al. Mental health disorders in child and adolescent survivors of post-war landmine explosions. Mil Med Res. 2015;2:30.
[10]Khaghanizadeh M, Sirate Nir M. Influence of individual, familial and socioeconomic factors on severity of psychiatric symptoms in veterans with mental disorders. J Mil Med. 2004;6(1):33-7. [Persian]
[11]Karami GR, Amiri M, Ameli J, Kachooei H, Ghodoosi K, Saadat AR, et al. Psychological health status of mustard gas exposed veterans. J Mil Med. 2006;8(1):1-7. [Persian]
[12]Kong L, Fry M, Al-Samarraie M, Gilbert C, Steinkuller PG. An update on progress and the changing epidemiology of causes of childhood blindness worldwide. J AAPOS. 2012;16(6):501-7.
[13]Kong L, Fry M, Al-Samarraie M, Gilbert C, Steinkuller PG. An update on progress and the changing epidemiology of causes of childhood blindness worldwide. J AAPOS. 2012;16(6):501-7.
[14]Whitcher JP, Srinivasan M, Upadhyay MP. Corneal blindness: A global perspective. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79(3):214-21.
[15]Négrel AD, Thylefors B. The global impact of eye injuries. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1998;5(3):143-69.
[16]Thach AB, Johnson AJ, Carroll RB, Huchun A, Ainbinder DJ, Stutzman RD, et al. Severe eye injuries in the war in Iraq, 2003-2005. Ophtalmology. 2008;115(2):377-82.
[17]Etezad-Razavi M, Daneshvar-Kakhki R, Zarei-Ghanavati S, Nobakht-Rad M. Long-term complications of enucleated or severely traumatized eyes in war veterans. Bina. 2007;12(3):373-9. [Persian]
[18]Poorseyed SR, Habibollahi S, Faramarzi S. Effectiveness of life skills educational program on blind and low-vision university students compatibility. Educ Strategy Med Sci. 2010;3(1):7-11. [Persian]
[19]Mousavi B, Soroush MR, Montazeri A. Quality of life in chemical warfare survivors with ophthalmologic injuries: The first results from Iran Chemical Warfare Victims Health Assessment Study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;7:2.
[20]Crewe JM, Spilsbury K, Morlet N, Morgan WH, Mukhtar A, Clark A, et al. Health service use and mortality of the elderly blind. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(11):2344-50.
[21]Nejati V, Amini R, Zabihzadeh A, Masoumi M, Maleki G, Shoaie F. Mindfulness as effective factor in quality of life of blind veterans. Iran J War Public Health. 2011;3(3):1-7. [Persian]
[22]Ghafouri Fard M, Payami Bousari M, Heyadari Some A. A survey on various dimensions of adjustment status among warfare Veterans with one eye blindness. Iran J War Public Health. 2014;6(2):64-71. [Persian]
[23]Derogatis LR. Lipman RS, Covi L. SCL-90: An outpatient psychiatric rating scale-preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1973;9(1):13-28.
[24]Anisi J, Akbari F, Majdian F, Atashkar M, Ghorbani Z. Standardization of mental disorders Symptoms Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R) in Army Staffs. J Mil Psychol. 2011;2(5):29-37. [Persian]
[25]Mohammadi MR, Rahgozar M, Bagheri Yazdi A, Naghavi HR, Pour Etemad HR, Amini H, et al. Epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in Tehran province. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2003;9(2):4-13. [Persian]
[26]Hosseinifard SM, Birashk B, Atefvahid MK. Epidemiology of mental disorders in high-school students in Rafsanjan. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2005;11(1):71-80. [Persian]
[27]Amini R, Sahaf R, Kaldi A, Haghani H, Davatgaran K, Masoumi M, et al. Activities of daily living independence in Iranian blind war survivors: A cross sectional study, 2008. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2013;13(3):741-50.
[28]Soroush M R, Ganjparvar Z, Masoumi M, Mousavi B. Instrumental activity of daily living in war related bilateral lower limb amputation. Iran J War Public Health. 2012;4(4):1-7. [Persian]
[29]Ahmadi K, Nejati V. Evaluation of epidemiology of chronic disease in Iranian psychiatric veterans. Iran J War Public Health. 2010;2(4):8-12. [Persian]
[30]Jandaghi G, Tabarsa Gh, Heydary H, Heydary F. Studying the satisfaction of war handicapped to health and treatment services and its impact on subjective well-being. Iran J War Public Health. 2010;3(1):30-6. [Persian]
[31]Mostafaloo A, Gazmeh J. The relationship between job satisfaction and mental health in chemical veterans. Iran J War Public Health. 2013;5(4):43-50. [Persian]
[32]Hermansson AC, Timpka T, Thyberg M. The mental health of war-wounded refugees: An 8-year follow-up. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2002;190(6):374-80.
[33]Behdani F, Fayyazi Bordbar MR, Hebrani P, Talebi M, Kohestani L. Psychiatric symptoms in chemical and somatic combat veterans. J Mil Med. 2009;11(1):31-5. [Persian]
[34]Masoumi M, Soroush MR, Modirian E. Evaluation of psychiatric problems among war-related bilateral upper limb amputees. J Mil Med. 2008;10(3):185-92. [Persian]
[35]Somasundaram DJ, Renol KK. The psychosocial effects of landmines in Cambodia. Med Confl Surviv. 1998;14(3):219-36.
[36]Falahati F, Soroush M R, Khateri S. The Effects of Landmine and UXO Accidents on Survivor's Quality of life in 5 western provinces of Iran. Iran J War Public Health. 2009;1(4):1-8. [Persian]
[37]Ghaedi G, Ghasemi H, Mousavi B, Soroush MR, Rahnama P, Jafari F, et al. Impact of psychological problems in chemical warfare survivors with severe ophthalmologic complication, a cross sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012;10:36.
[38]Gall C, Brösel D, Franke GH. Mental distress in patients with cerebral visual injury assessed with the german brief symptom inventory. Front Aging Neurosci. 2015;7:51.
[39]Gall C, Mueller I, Franke GH, Sabel BA. Psychological distress is associated with vision-related but not with generic quality of life in patients with visual field defects after cerebral lesions. Ment Illn. 2012;4(2):e12.
[40]Kroenke K. Efficacy of treatment for somatoform disorders: A review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(9):881-8.
[41]Yousefi N, Etemadi O, Bahrami F, Fatehizadeh MA, Ahmadi SA, Mavarani AA, et al. Efficacy of logo therapy and gestalt therapy in treating anxiety, depression and aggression. J Iran Psychol. 2009;5(19):251-9. [Persian]
[42]Schulenberg SE. Psychotherapy andmovies: Onusing films in clinicalpractice. J Contemp Psychother. 2003;33(1):35-48.
[43]Rief W, Hiller W. A new approach to the assessment of the treatment effects of somatoform disorders. Psychosomatics. 2003;44(6):492-8.
[44]Ahmadi K, Nejati V. Evaluation of quality of life in psychiatric veterans of Isfehan. Iran J War Public Health. 2010;2(4):13-7. [Persian]
[45]Bakhshayesh SH, Bahmani F, Kamali M. Comparative of Mental Health Disabled People of Athletic and Non-Athletic. Iran J War Public Health. 2012;5(1):22-6. [Persian]
[46]Akbari M, Safdari R, Tofighi S, Moeinolghorabaei M, Karami G. A comparative survey on war- related mental diseases clinical information system in England, United States of America and Australia and offering proper strategies for Iran(2008-2009). Iran J War Public Health. 2009;2(1):44-9. [Persian]
[47]Ahmadi M, Bahaadinbeigy K, Noori T. Viewpoints of veterans affected by psychological disorders towards usage of telemental services for war veterans. Iran J War Public Health. 2013;6(1):51-9. [Persian]
[2]Malakouty K, Norouzy M. The role of follow-up and mental health programmes in rehabilitation of chronic mental patients. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 1995;2(1-2):41-7. [Persian]
[3]Ganji H. Mental Health. Tehran: Arasbaran Publication; 2014. [Persian]
[4]Lee Y. The predictive value of self assessed general, physical, and mental health on functional decline and mortality in older adults. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000;54(2):123-9.
[5]Modirian E, Mousavi SJ, Mousavi B, Soroush M, Khateri Sh, Hosseini M, et al. Mental health in severe ocular chemical injuries. Iran J War Public Health. 2015;7(3):139-45. [Persian]
[6]Sedighi Moghadam MR, Afshar H, Khateri Sh, Soroush M, Mousavi B, Mousavi SJ, et al. Mental health status in severe lung chemical injured veterans exposed to sulfur mustard. Iran J War Public Health. 2015;7(4):207-15. [Persian]
[7]Khademi MJ, Gharib M, Rashedi V. Prevalence of depression in the amputated patients concerning demographic variables. Iran J War Public Health. 2012;4(2):12-7. [Persian]
[8]Fahimi M, Kamali M, Saeedi H. Comparison of quality of life and depression in veterans and non-veterans with below knee traumatic amputation. Iran J War Public Health. 2014;6(4):143-9. [Persian]
[9]Hemmati MA, Shokoohi H, Masoumi M, KhateriSh, Soroush M, Modirian E, et al. Mental health disorders in child and adolescent survivors of post-war landmine explosions. Mil Med Res. 2015;2:30.
[10]Khaghanizadeh M, Sirate Nir M. Influence of individual, familial and socioeconomic factors on severity of psychiatric symptoms in veterans with mental disorders. J Mil Med. 2004;6(1):33-7. [Persian]
[11]Karami GR, Amiri M, Ameli J, Kachooei H, Ghodoosi K, Saadat AR, et al. Psychological health status of mustard gas exposed veterans. J Mil Med. 2006;8(1):1-7. [Persian]
[12]Kong L, Fry M, Al-Samarraie M, Gilbert C, Steinkuller PG. An update on progress and the changing epidemiology of causes of childhood blindness worldwide. J AAPOS. 2012;16(6):501-7.
[13]Kong L, Fry M, Al-Samarraie M, Gilbert C, Steinkuller PG. An update on progress and the changing epidemiology of causes of childhood blindness worldwide. J AAPOS. 2012;16(6):501-7.
[14]Whitcher JP, Srinivasan M, Upadhyay MP. Corneal blindness: A global perspective. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79(3):214-21.
[15]Négrel AD, Thylefors B. The global impact of eye injuries. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1998;5(3):143-69.
[16]Thach AB, Johnson AJ, Carroll RB, Huchun A, Ainbinder DJ, Stutzman RD, et al. Severe eye injuries in the war in Iraq, 2003-2005. Ophtalmology. 2008;115(2):377-82.
[17]Etezad-Razavi M, Daneshvar-Kakhki R, Zarei-Ghanavati S, Nobakht-Rad M. Long-term complications of enucleated or severely traumatized eyes in war veterans. Bina. 2007;12(3):373-9. [Persian]
[18]Poorseyed SR, Habibollahi S, Faramarzi S. Effectiveness of life skills educational program on blind and low-vision university students compatibility. Educ Strategy Med Sci. 2010;3(1):7-11. [Persian]
[19]Mousavi B, Soroush MR, Montazeri A. Quality of life in chemical warfare survivors with ophthalmologic injuries: The first results from Iran Chemical Warfare Victims Health Assessment Study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;7:2.
[20]Crewe JM, Spilsbury K, Morlet N, Morgan WH, Mukhtar A, Clark A, et al. Health service use and mortality of the elderly blind. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(11):2344-50.
[21]Nejati V, Amini R, Zabihzadeh A, Masoumi M, Maleki G, Shoaie F. Mindfulness as effective factor in quality of life of blind veterans. Iran J War Public Health. 2011;3(3):1-7. [Persian]
[22]Ghafouri Fard M, Payami Bousari M, Heyadari Some A. A survey on various dimensions of adjustment status among warfare Veterans with one eye blindness. Iran J War Public Health. 2014;6(2):64-71. [Persian]
[23]Derogatis LR. Lipman RS, Covi L. SCL-90: An outpatient psychiatric rating scale-preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1973;9(1):13-28.
[24]Anisi J, Akbari F, Majdian F, Atashkar M, Ghorbani Z. Standardization of mental disorders Symptoms Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R) in Army Staffs. J Mil Psychol. 2011;2(5):29-37. [Persian]
[25]Mohammadi MR, Rahgozar M, Bagheri Yazdi A, Naghavi HR, Pour Etemad HR, Amini H, et al. Epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in Tehran province. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2003;9(2):4-13. [Persian]
[26]Hosseinifard SM, Birashk B, Atefvahid MK. Epidemiology of mental disorders in high-school students in Rafsanjan. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2005;11(1):71-80. [Persian]
[27]Amini R, Sahaf R, Kaldi A, Haghani H, Davatgaran K, Masoumi M, et al. Activities of daily living independence in Iranian blind war survivors: A cross sectional study, 2008. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2013;13(3):741-50.
[28]Soroush M R, Ganjparvar Z, Masoumi M, Mousavi B. Instrumental activity of daily living in war related bilateral lower limb amputation. Iran J War Public Health. 2012;4(4):1-7. [Persian]
[29]Ahmadi K, Nejati V. Evaluation of epidemiology of chronic disease in Iranian psychiatric veterans. Iran J War Public Health. 2010;2(4):8-12. [Persian]
[30]Jandaghi G, Tabarsa Gh, Heydary H, Heydary F. Studying the satisfaction of war handicapped to health and treatment services and its impact on subjective well-being. Iran J War Public Health. 2010;3(1):30-6. [Persian]
[31]Mostafaloo A, Gazmeh J. The relationship between job satisfaction and mental health in chemical veterans. Iran J War Public Health. 2013;5(4):43-50. [Persian]
[32]Hermansson AC, Timpka T, Thyberg M. The mental health of war-wounded refugees: An 8-year follow-up. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2002;190(6):374-80.
[33]Behdani F, Fayyazi Bordbar MR, Hebrani P, Talebi M, Kohestani L. Psychiatric symptoms in chemical and somatic combat veterans. J Mil Med. 2009;11(1):31-5. [Persian]
[34]Masoumi M, Soroush MR, Modirian E. Evaluation of psychiatric problems among war-related bilateral upper limb amputees. J Mil Med. 2008;10(3):185-92. [Persian]
[35]Somasundaram DJ, Renol KK. The psychosocial effects of landmines in Cambodia. Med Confl Surviv. 1998;14(3):219-36.
[36]Falahati F, Soroush M R, Khateri S. The Effects of Landmine and UXO Accidents on Survivor's Quality of life in 5 western provinces of Iran. Iran J War Public Health. 2009;1(4):1-8. [Persian]
[37]Ghaedi G, Ghasemi H, Mousavi B, Soroush MR, Rahnama P, Jafari F, et al. Impact of psychological problems in chemical warfare survivors with severe ophthalmologic complication, a cross sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012;10:36.
[38]Gall C, Brösel D, Franke GH. Mental distress in patients with cerebral visual injury assessed with the german brief symptom inventory. Front Aging Neurosci. 2015;7:51.
[39]Gall C, Mueller I, Franke GH, Sabel BA. Psychological distress is associated with vision-related but not with generic quality of life in patients with visual field defects after cerebral lesions. Ment Illn. 2012;4(2):e12.
[40]Kroenke K. Efficacy of treatment for somatoform disorders: A review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(9):881-8.
[41]Yousefi N, Etemadi O, Bahrami F, Fatehizadeh MA, Ahmadi SA, Mavarani AA, et al. Efficacy of logo therapy and gestalt therapy in treating anxiety, depression and aggression. J Iran Psychol. 2009;5(19):251-9. [Persian]
[42]Schulenberg SE. Psychotherapy andmovies: Onusing films in clinicalpractice. J Contemp Psychother. 2003;33(1):35-48.
[43]Rief W, Hiller W. A new approach to the assessment of the treatment effects of somatoform disorders. Psychosomatics. 2003;44(6):492-8.
[44]Ahmadi K, Nejati V. Evaluation of quality of life in psychiatric veterans of Isfehan. Iran J War Public Health. 2010;2(4):13-7. [Persian]
[45]Bakhshayesh SH, Bahmani F, Kamali M. Comparative of Mental Health Disabled People of Athletic and Non-Athletic. Iran J War Public Health. 2012;5(1):22-6. [Persian]
[46]Akbari M, Safdari R, Tofighi S, Moeinolghorabaei M, Karami G. A comparative survey on war- related mental diseases clinical information system in England, United States of America and Australia and offering proper strategies for Iran(2008-2009). Iran J War Public Health. 2009;2(1):44-9. [Persian]
[47]Ahmadi M, Bahaadinbeigy K, Noori T. Viewpoints of veterans affected by psychological disorders towards usage of telemental services for war veterans. Iran J War Public Health. 2013;6(1):51-9. [Persian]