@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2018;10(4):187-193
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2018;10(4):187-193
Effectiveness of Powell's Cognitive Rehabilitation with Neuro-feedback in Executive Functions, Memory, and Attention to Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Sahragard M. (*)Alipour A. (1)
Zare H. (1)
Roshan R. (2)
Moudi M. (3)
(*) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Baharestan Branch, Payam-e -Noor University, Tehran, Iran
(1) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Baharestan Branch, Payam-e -Noor University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
(3) Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC), Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Baharestan Branch, Payam-e -Noor University, Bostan Blvd, Nasim Shahr, Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 3766183469Phone: +98 (21) 84234000
Fax: +98 (21) 56768711
mahdisahragard@gmail.com
Article History
Received: February 7, 2018Accepted: July 17, 2018
ePublished: October 11, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
PTSD is a set of continuous and frequent symptoms that occur after experiencing or observing a traumatic event, such as being involved in a war. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Powell's cognitive rehabilitation with neurofeedback in improving executive functions, memory, and attention to veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study, with pre-test post-test design, was carried out on 24 veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder in two experimental and control groups. Powell's cognitive rehabilitation treatment with neurofeedback was performed for 12 sessions and three months for the experimental group. For conducting the study, PSSI test, Wisconsin Card Test, Stroop test, and working memory test were used. Data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis and SPSS 24.
Findings By controlling the pre-test effects, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of overall score of executive functions, memory and attention (p=0.001).
Conclusion Powell's cognitive rehabilitation treatment with neurofeedback is effective on improving executive functions, memory and attention of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study, with pre-test post-test design, was carried out on 24 veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder in two experimental and control groups. Powell's cognitive rehabilitation treatment with neurofeedback was performed for 12 sessions and three months for the experimental group. For conducting the study, PSSI test, Wisconsin Card Test, Stroop test, and working memory test were used. Data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis and SPSS 24.
Findings By controlling the pre-test effects, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of overall score of executive functions, memory and attention (p=0.001).
Conclusion Powell's cognitive rehabilitation treatment with neurofeedback is effective on improving executive functions, memory and attention of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Keywords:
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic,
Rehabilitation,
Neurofeedback,
Executive Functions,
Memory ,
Attention ,
CITATION LINKS
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[25]Reis J, Schambra HM, Cohen LG, Buch ER, Fritsch B, Zarahn E, et al. Noninvasive cortical stimulation enhances motor skill acquisition over multiple days through an effect on consolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(5):1590-5.
[26]Kluetsch RC, Ros T, Théberge J, Frewen PA, Calhoun VD, Schmahl C, et al. Plastic modulation of PTSD resting-state networks and subjective wellbeing by EEG neurofeedback. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;130(2):123-36.
[27] Ruiz S, Lee S, Soekadar SR, Caria A, Veit R, Kircher T, et al. Acquired self-control of insula cortex modulates emotion recognition and brain network connectivity in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp. 2013;34(1):200-12.
[28]Nelson DV, Esty ML. Neurotherapy of traumatic brain injury/posttraumatic stress symptoms in OEF/OIF veterans. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012;24(2):237-40.
[29]Matsuda Y, Morimoto T, Furukawa S, Sato S, Hatsuse N, Iwata K, et al. Feasibility and effectiveness of a cognitive remediation programme with original computerised cognitive training and group intervention for schizophrenia: a multicentre randomised trial. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2018;28(3):387-97.
[30]Lee WK. Effectiveness of computerized cognitive rehabilitation training on symptomatological, neuropsychological and work function in patients with schizophrenia. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2013;5(2):90-100.
[31] Cozby PC. Methods in behavioral research. 10th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill; 2009. pp. 18-25.
[32]Obeidi Zadegan A, Moradi A, Farnam R. Evaluation of cognitive functions in patients undergoing methadone treatment. Adv Cog Sci. 2009;10(3):75-81. [Persian]
[33]Naderi N. Study of information processing and some neuropsychological functions of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder [Dissertation]. Tehran: Anstitute Psychiatry of Tehran; 1998. pp. 98-9. [Persian]
[34]Ramezani V, Moradi A, Ahmadi A. Active memory function in female students with high and normal depression symptoms. J Behav Sci. 2009;3(4):334-9. [Persian]
[35]Matsuda K, Budisantoso T, Mitakidis N, Sugaya Y, Miura E, Kakegawa W, et al. Transsynaptic modulation of kainate receptor functions by C1q-like proteins. Neuron. 2016;90(4):752-67.
[36]Miklos Z, Mychailyszyn M, Parente R. The efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation therapy: A meta-analytic review of traumatic brain injury and stroke cognitive language rehabilitation literature. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2015;3(2):15-22.
[37] Łojek E, Bolewska A. The effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation in brain-damaged patients. Polish Psychol Bull. 2013;44(1):31-9.
[38] Lee J, Althuler L, Glahn DC, Miklowitz DJ, Ochsner K, Green MF. Social and nonsocial cognition in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: Relative levels of impairment. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(3):334-41.
[39]Kesler SR, Kent JS, O'Hara R. Prefrontal cortex and executive function impairments in primary breast cancer. Arch Neurol. 2011;68(11):1447-53.
[40]Miller LA, Radford K. Testing the effectiveness of group-based memory rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2014;24(5):721-37.
[41]Das Nair R, Lincoln NB. The effectiveness of memory rehabilitation following neurological disabilities: A qualitative inquiry of patient perspectives. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2013;23(4):528-45.
[42]Radford K, Lah S, Thayer Z, Say MJ, Miller LA. Improving memory in outpatients with neurological disorders using a group-based training program. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2012;18(4):738-48.
[43]Doornhein K, De Haan EHF. Cognitive training for memory deficits in stroke patients. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 1998;8(4):393-400.
[2]Donyavi V, Shafighi F, Rouhani SM, Hosseini S, Kazemi J, Arghanoun S, et al. The prevalence of PTSD in conscript and official staff of earth force in Tehran during 2005-6. Ann Mil Health Sci Res. 2007;5(1):1121-5. [Persian]
[3]Tavallaie SA, Assari Sh, Najafi M , Habibi M, Ghanei M. Study of sleep quality in chemical-warfare-agents exposed veterans. J Mil Med. 2005;6(4):241-8. [Persian]
[4]Aupperle RL, Melrose AJ, Stein MB, Paulus MP. Executive function and PTSD: Disengaging from trauma. Neuropharmacology. 2012;62(2):686-94.
[5]Nardo D, Hogberg G, Jeffery C, Leong Looi JC, Larsson S, Hallstrom T, et al. Gray matter density in limbic and paralimbic cortices is associated with trauma load and EMDR outcome in PTSD patients. J Psychiatr Res. 2010;44(7):477-85.
[6]Taylor SF, Liberzon I. Neural correlates of emotion regulation in psychopathology. Trends Cogn Sci. 2007;11(10):413-8.
[7] Looi JC, Maller JJ, Pagani M, Hogberg G, Lindberg O, Liberg B, et al. Caudate volumes in public transportation workers exposed to trauma in the Stockholm train system. Psychiatry Res. 2009;171(2):138-43.
[8] De Jongh A, Ernst R, Marques L, Hornsveld H. The impact of eye movement and tones on disturbing memories involving PTSD and other mental disorders. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2013;44(4):477-83.
[9] Molaie M, Hatami J, Rostami R. Evaluation and comparison of executive functions in patients with major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder with healthy people. Adv Cogn Sci. 2014;16(3):61-71. [Persian]
[10] Ziady LG. The association between complex trauma and executive functioning among an adolescent inpatient population [Dissertation]. Boston: Northeastern University; 2012. pp. 115-6.
[11]Polak AR, Witteveen AB, Reitsma JB, Olff MA. The role of executive function in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review. J Affect Disorder. 2012;141(1):11-21.
[12]Olff MA, Polak AR, Witteveen AB, Denys D. Executive function in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the influence of comorbid depression. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2014;112:114-21.
[13]Kershner AM, Kimble J. Genome-wide analysis of mRNA targets for Caenorhabditis elegans FBF, a conserved stem cell regulator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(8):3936-41.
[14]De Bont PA, Van Minnen A, De Jongh A. Treating PTSD in patients with psychosis: A within-group controlled feasibility study examining the efficacy and safety examining the efficacy and safety of evidence-based PE and EMDR protocols. Behav Ther. 2013;44(4):717-30.
[15]Van Den Berg DP, Van Den Gaag M. Treating trauma in psychosis with EMDR: A pilot study. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2012;43(1):664-71.
[16]De Jongh A, Ernst R, Marques L, Hornsveld H. The impact of eye movement and tones on disturbing memories involving PTSD and other mental disorders. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2013;44(4):477-83.
[17]Leer A, Engelhard IM, Van Den Hout MA. How eye movements in EMDR work: Changes in memory vividness and emotionality. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2014;45(3):396-401.
[18]Jokić-Begić N. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Neuroscience: Towards Closer Integration. 2010;19(2):235-54.
[19] Zarghi A. Functional Neurosurgery and Neuro-cognitive Rehabilitation. Int Clin Neurosci J. 2014;1(2):43-7.
[20]Zarghi A, Zali A, Ashrafi F, Moazaezi M. Emotional, behavioral and cognitive mechanisms in rehabilitation of romantic love neuro-cognitive process. Basic Res J Med Clin Sci. 2013;2(9):94-102.
[21]Tomas P, Fuentes I, Roder V, Ruiz JC. Cognitive rehabilitation programs in schizophernia: Current status and perspectives. Int J Psicol Psicol Ter. 2010;10(2):191-204.
[22]Zaytseva Y, Korsakova N, Agius M, Gurovich I. Neurocognitive functioning in schizophernia and during the early phases of psychosis: Targeting cognitive remidation interventions. BioMed Res Int. 2013(2013);3:ID 819587.
[23]D`Esposito M, Gazzaley A. Neurorehabilitation of executive function [Internet]. California: University of California, Berkeley; 2014. [cited 2016 Aug 5]. Available from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5066/a4f91081a52fa3b6ae1cf0bd916a34542bd6.pdf
[24]Cicerone KD, Langenbahn DM, Braden C, Malec JF, Kalmar K, Fraas M, et al. Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Updated review of the literature from 2003 through 2008. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(4):519-30.
[25]Reis J, Schambra HM, Cohen LG, Buch ER, Fritsch B, Zarahn E, et al. Noninvasive cortical stimulation enhances motor skill acquisition over multiple days through an effect on consolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(5):1590-5.
[26]Kluetsch RC, Ros T, Théberge J, Frewen PA, Calhoun VD, Schmahl C, et al. Plastic modulation of PTSD resting-state networks and subjective wellbeing by EEG neurofeedback. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;130(2):123-36.
[27] Ruiz S, Lee S, Soekadar SR, Caria A, Veit R, Kircher T, et al. Acquired self-control of insula cortex modulates emotion recognition and brain network connectivity in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp. 2013;34(1):200-12.
[28]Nelson DV, Esty ML. Neurotherapy of traumatic brain injury/posttraumatic stress symptoms in OEF/OIF veterans. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012;24(2):237-40.
[29]Matsuda Y, Morimoto T, Furukawa S, Sato S, Hatsuse N, Iwata K, et al. Feasibility and effectiveness of a cognitive remediation programme with original computerised cognitive training and group intervention for schizophrenia: a multicentre randomised trial. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2018;28(3):387-97.
[30]Lee WK. Effectiveness of computerized cognitive rehabilitation training on symptomatological, neuropsychological and work function in patients with schizophrenia. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2013;5(2):90-100.
[31] Cozby PC. Methods in behavioral research. 10th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill; 2009. pp. 18-25.
[32]Obeidi Zadegan A, Moradi A, Farnam R. Evaluation of cognitive functions in patients undergoing methadone treatment. Adv Cog Sci. 2009;10(3):75-81. [Persian]
[33]Naderi N. Study of information processing and some neuropsychological functions of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder [Dissertation]. Tehran: Anstitute Psychiatry of Tehran; 1998. pp. 98-9. [Persian]
[34]Ramezani V, Moradi A, Ahmadi A. Active memory function in female students with high and normal depression symptoms. J Behav Sci. 2009;3(4):334-9. [Persian]
[35]Matsuda K, Budisantoso T, Mitakidis N, Sugaya Y, Miura E, Kakegawa W, et al. Transsynaptic modulation of kainate receptor functions by C1q-like proteins. Neuron. 2016;90(4):752-67.
[36]Miklos Z, Mychailyszyn M, Parente R. The efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation therapy: A meta-analytic review of traumatic brain injury and stroke cognitive language rehabilitation literature. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2015;3(2):15-22.
[37] Łojek E, Bolewska A. The effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation in brain-damaged patients. Polish Psychol Bull. 2013;44(1):31-9.
[38] Lee J, Althuler L, Glahn DC, Miklowitz DJ, Ochsner K, Green MF. Social and nonsocial cognition in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: Relative levels of impairment. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(3):334-41.
[39]Kesler SR, Kent JS, O'Hara R. Prefrontal cortex and executive function impairments in primary breast cancer. Arch Neurol. 2011;68(11):1447-53.
[40]Miller LA, Radford K. Testing the effectiveness of group-based memory rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2014;24(5):721-37.
[41]Das Nair R, Lincoln NB. The effectiveness of memory rehabilitation following neurological disabilities: A qualitative inquiry of patient perspectives. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2013;23(4):528-45.
[42]Radford K, Lah S, Thayer Z, Say MJ, Miller LA. Improving memory in outpatients with neurological disorders using a group-based training program. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2012;18(4):738-48.
[43]Doornhein K, De Haan EHF. Cognitive training for memory deficits in stroke patients. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 1998;8(4):393-400.