@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2015;20(4):231-236
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2015;20(4):231-236
Effect of Intense Exercise Training on Hydrogen Peroxide, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and the Selected Neurotrophins in Rat’s Brain
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Taheri Chadorneshin H. (* )Afzalpour M.E. (1 )
Abtahi H. (2 )
Foadoddini M. (3 )
(* ) Exercise Physiology Department, Education and Sport Sciences Faculty, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
(1 ) Exercise Physiology Department, Education and Sport Sciences Faculty, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
(2 ) Clinical Biochemistry Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
(3 ) Atherosclerosis & Coronary Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Exercise Physiology Department, Education and Sport Sciences Faculty, Birjand University, Shahid Avini Street, Birjand, IranPhone: +985632202032
Fax: +985632202032
kh.taheri_62@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: October 26, 2014Accepted: January 20, 2015
ePublished: February 19, 2015
ABSTRACT
Aims
Alpha tumor necrosis factor and Hydrogen peroxide increasein neurotrophins
expression in several brain structures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the
interactive effect of Hydrogen peroxide and neurotrophic tumor necrosis factor with brainderived
neurotrophic factor by glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor after severe exercise.
Materials & Methods This experimental study was done on 16 adult Wistar albino rats 280g and 3months old. Animals were divided into two intense exercise and sedentary control groups. Animals ran for 6 weeks, 6 days a week, at the speed of 27m per minute and on treadmill for 60 minutes daily. Using kit, the content of BDNF, GDNF, and TNF-α were measured using sandwich ELISA and hydrogen peroxide levels was analyzed by colorimetric assay. Data analyzed by SPSS 16 and Independent-T test.
Findings Hydrogen peroxide levels in the brain, in intense exercise group increased significantly compared with control group (p= 0.006). TNF-α, GDNF and BDNF Levels in the brain in intense exercise group significantly increased compared with control group (p=0.001).
Conclusion Intense running on treadmill increase BDNF and GDNF content in brain of albino Wistar rats through increasing the H2O2 and TNF-α levels.
Materials & Methods This experimental study was done on 16 adult Wistar albino rats 280g and 3months old. Animals were divided into two intense exercise and sedentary control groups. Animals ran for 6 weeks, 6 days a week, at the speed of 27m per minute and on treadmill for 60 minutes daily. Using kit, the content of BDNF, GDNF, and TNF-α were measured using sandwich ELISA and hydrogen peroxide levels was analyzed by colorimetric assay. Data analyzed by SPSS 16 and Independent-T test.
Findings Hydrogen peroxide levels in the brain, in intense exercise group increased significantly compared with control group (p= 0.006). TNF-α, GDNF and BDNF Levels in the brain in intense exercise group significantly increased compared with control group (p=0.001).
Conclusion Intense running on treadmill increase BDNF and GDNF content in brain of albino Wistar rats through increasing the H2O2 and TNF-α levels.
Keywords:
Exercise,
Oxidative Stress,
Hydrogen Peroxide,
Glial Cell Line-Derived . Neurotrophic Factor,
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor,
CITATION LINKS
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[12]Kuno R, Yoshida Y, Nitta A, Nabeshima T, Wang J, Sonore Y, et al. The role of TNF-alpha and its receptors in the production of NGF and GDNF by astrocytes. Brain Res. 2006;1116(1):12-8.
[13]Bloomer RJ, Smith WA. Oxidative stress in response to aerobic and anaerobic power testing: influence of exercise training and carnitine supplementation exercise-induced oxidative stress and carnitine supplementation. Res Sports Med. 2009;17(1):1-16.
[14]Bloomer RJ, Larson DE, Fisher-Wellman KH, Galpin AJ, Schilling BK. Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on resting and exercise-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study. Lipids Health Dis. 2009;8:36.
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[16]Guo M, Lin V, Davis W, Huang T, Carranza A, Sprague S, et al. Preischemic induction of TNF-alpha by physical exercise reduces blood-brain barrier dysfunction in stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008;28(8):1422-30.
[17]Judge S, Jang YM, Smith A, Selman C, Phillips T, Speakman JR, et al. Exercise by lifelong voluntary wheel running reduces subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production in the heart. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005;289(6):1564-72.
[18]Lira FS, Yamashita AS, Rosa JC, Tavares FL, Caperuto E, Carnevali LC Jr, et al. Hypothalamic inflammation is reversed by endurance training in anorectic-cachectic rats. Nutr Metab. 2011;8(1):60.
[19]Kohman RA, Bhattacharya TK, Wojcik E, Rhodes JS. Exercise reduces activation of microglia isolated from hippocampus and brain of aged mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2013;10:114.
[20]Li J, Ding YH, Rafols JA, Lai Q, McAllister JP, Ding Y. Increased astrocyte proliferation in rats after running exercise. Neurosci Lett. 2005;386(3):160-4.
[21]Rhodes JS, van Praag H, Jeffrey S, Girard I, Mitchell GS, Garland Jr T, Gage FH. Exercise increases hippocampal neurogenesis to high levels but does not improve spatial learning in mice bred for increased voluntary wheel running. Behav Neurosci. 2003;117(5):1006-16.
[22]Berchtold NC, Nicholas Castello N, Cotman CW. Exercise and time-dependent benefits to learning and memory. Neuroscience. 2010;167(3):588-97.
[23]Albeck DS, Sano K, Prewitt GE, Dalton L. Mild forced treadmill exercise enhances spatial learning in the aged rat. Behav Brain Res. 2006;168(2):345-8.
[24]Marosi K, Felszeghy K, Mehra RD, Radak Z, Nyakas C. Are the neuroprotective effects of estradiol and physical exercise comparable during ageing in female rats? Biogerontology. 2012;13(4):413-27.
[25]Ogonovszky H, Berkes I, Kumagai S, Kaneko T, Tahara S, Goto S, et al. The effects of moderate-, strenuous- and over-training on oxidative stress markers, DNA repair, and memory, in rat brain. Neurochem Int. 2005;46(8):635-40.
[26]de Almeida AA, Gomes da Silva S, Fernandes J, Peixinho-Pena LF, Scorza FA, Cavalheiro EA, et al. Differential effects of exercise intensities in hippocampal BDNF, inflammatory cytokines and cell proliferation in rats during the postnatal brain development. Neurosci Lett. 2013;553:1-6.
[2]Siamilis S, Jakus J, Nyakas C, Costa A, Mihalik B, Falus A, et al. The effect of exercise and oxidant-antioxidant intervention on the levels of neurotrophins and free radicals in spinal cord of rats. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(6):453-7.
[3]Lau YS, Patki G, Das-Panja K, Le WD, Ahmad SO. Neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of exercise in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson’s disease with moderate neurodegeneration Eur J Neurosci. 2011;33(7):1264-74.
[4]Berchtold NC, Chinn G, Chou M, Kesslak JP, Cotman CW. Exercise primes a molecular memory for brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein induction in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience. 2005;133(3):853-61.
[5]Radak Z, Toldy A, Szabo Z, Siamilis S, Nyakas C, Silye G, et al. The effects of training and detraining on memory, neurotrophins and oxidative stress markers in rat brain. Neurochem Int. 2006;49(4):387-92.
[6]Garcia-Valles R, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Garcia-Garcia FJ, Diaz A, Noguera J, et al. Life-long spontaneous exercise does not prolong lifespan but improves health span in mice. Longev Healthspan. 2013;2(1):14.
[7]Ma X, Hamadeh MJ, Christie BR, Foster JA, Tarnopolsky MA. Impact of treadmill running and sex on hippocampal neurogenesis in the mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e36048.
[8]Saha RN, Liu X, Pahan K. Up-regulation of BDNF in astrocytes by TNF-α: A case for the neuroprotective role of cytokine. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2006;1(3):212-22.
[9]Balkowiec-Iskra E, Vermehren-Schmaedick A, Balkowiec A. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons in an activity-dependent manner. Neuroscience. 2011;180:322-33.
[10]Groover AL, Ryals JM, Guilford BL, Wilson NM, Christianson JA, Wright DE. Exercise-mediated improvements in painful neuropathy associated with prediabetes in mice. Pain. 2013;154(12):2658-67.
[11]Chan SH, Wu CW, Chang AY, Hsu KS, Chan JY. Transcriptional upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rostral ventrolateral medulla by angiotensin II significance in superoxide homeostasis and neural regulation of arterial pressure. Circ Res. 2010;107(9):1127-39.
[12]Kuno R, Yoshida Y, Nitta A, Nabeshima T, Wang J, Sonore Y, et al. The role of TNF-alpha and its receptors in the production of NGF and GDNF by astrocytes. Brain Res. 2006;1116(1):12-8.
[13]Bloomer RJ, Smith WA. Oxidative stress in response to aerobic and anaerobic power testing: influence of exercise training and carnitine supplementation exercise-induced oxidative stress and carnitine supplementation. Res Sports Med. 2009;17(1):1-16.
[14]Bloomer RJ, Larson DE, Fisher-Wellman KH, Galpin AJ, Schilling BK. Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on resting and exercise-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study. Lipids Health Dis. 2009;8:36.
[15]Jolitha AB, Subramanyam MVV, Devi SA. Modification by vitamin E and exercise of oxidative stress in regions of aging rat brain: Studies on superoxide dismutase isoenzymes and protein oxidation status. Exp Gerontol. 2006;41(8):753-63.
[16]Guo M, Lin V, Davis W, Huang T, Carranza A, Sprague S, et al. Preischemic induction of TNF-alpha by physical exercise reduces blood-brain barrier dysfunction in stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008;28(8):1422-30.
[17]Judge S, Jang YM, Smith A, Selman C, Phillips T, Speakman JR, et al. Exercise by lifelong voluntary wheel running reduces subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production in the heart. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005;289(6):1564-72.
[18]Lira FS, Yamashita AS, Rosa JC, Tavares FL, Caperuto E, Carnevali LC Jr, et al. Hypothalamic inflammation is reversed by endurance training in anorectic-cachectic rats. Nutr Metab. 2011;8(1):60.
[19]Kohman RA, Bhattacharya TK, Wojcik E, Rhodes JS. Exercise reduces activation of microglia isolated from hippocampus and brain of aged mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2013;10:114.
[20]Li J, Ding YH, Rafols JA, Lai Q, McAllister JP, Ding Y. Increased astrocyte proliferation in rats after running exercise. Neurosci Lett. 2005;386(3):160-4.
[21]Rhodes JS, van Praag H, Jeffrey S, Girard I, Mitchell GS, Garland Jr T, Gage FH. Exercise increases hippocampal neurogenesis to high levels but does not improve spatial learning in mice bred for increased voluntary wheel running. Behav Neurosci. 2003;117(5):1006-16.
[22]Berchtold NC, Nicholas Castello N, Cotman CW. Exercise and time-dependent benefits to learning and memory. Neuroscience. 2010;167(3):588-97.
[23]Albeck DS, Sano K, Prewitt GE, Dalton L. Mild forced treadmill exercise enhances spatial learning in the aged rat. Behav Brain Res. 2006;168(2):345-8.
[24]Marosi K, Felszeghy K, Mehra RD, Radak Z, Nyakas C. Are the neuroprotective effects of estradiol and physical exercise comparable during ageing in female rats? Biogerontology. 2012;13(4):413-27.
[25]Ogonovszky H, Berkes I, Kumagai S, Kaneko T, Tahara S, Goto S, et al. The effects of moderate-, strenuous- and over-training on oxidative stress markers, DNA repair, and memory, in rat brain. Neurochem Int. 2005;46(8):635-40.
[26]de Almeida AA, Gomes da Silva S, Fernandes J, Peixinho-Pena LF, Scorza FA, Cavalheiro EA, et al. Differential effects of exercise intensities in hippocampal BDNF, inflammatory cytokines and cell proliferation in rats during the postnatal brain development. Neurosci Lett. 2013;553:1-6.