@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2017;9(2):73-78
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2017;9(2):73-78
Comparing the Anxiety and Depression of Death between Chemical and Non-Chemical Veterans of Sardasht City, Iran
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Soleymani Sh. (1)Shaker Dioulagh A. (* )
(* ) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azd University, Urmia, Iran
(1) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azd University, Urmia, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: November 12, 2016Accepted: January 18, 2017
ePublished: April 24, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
Exposed to the war and chemical weapons, the veterans experience severe mental reactions. One of such experiences is the death coming feeling that finally leads to some disorders such as death depression and death anxiety. The aim of the study was to compare the death depression and anxiety in the chemically-injured and non-chemically-injured veterans in Sardasht Township.
Instrument & Methods In the comparative-causal descriptive study, 100 veterans including 50 chemically-injured and 50 non-chemically-injured veterans of Sardasht Township were studied in 2016. The subjects were selected via available sampling method. Data was collected by the death anxiety index and the death depression questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software using MANOVA and independent T test.
Findings The mean score of death anxiety in the chemically-injured veterans was significantly higher than the non-chemically-injured veterans (p=0.001). The mean scores of death hoplessness, death failure, and total depression score in the chemically-injured veterans were significantly higher then the non-chemically-injured veterans (p=0.001). Nevertheless, the mean scores of loneliness and death acceptance were not significantly different in the groups, respectively (p>0.05).
Conclusion The levels of death anxiety and death depression in the chemically-injured veterans of Sardasht Township were higher than the non-chemically-injured veterans.
Instrument & Methods In the comparative-causal descriptive study, 100 veterans including 50 chemically-injured and 50 non-chemically-injured veterans of Sardasht Township were studied in 2016. The subjects were selected via available sampling method. Data was collected by the death anxiety index and the death depression questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software using MANOVA and independent T test.
Findings The mean score of death anxiety in the chemically-injured veterans was significantly higher than the non-chemically-injured veterans (p=0.001). The mean scores of death hoplessness, death failure, and total depression score in the chemically-injured veterans were significantly higher then the non-chemically-injured veterans (p=0.001). Nevertheless, the mean scores of loneliness and death acceptance were not significantly different in the groups, respectively (p>0.05).
Conclusion The levels of death anxiety and death depression in the chemically-injured veterans of Sardasht Township were higher than the non-chemically-injured veterans.
CITATION LINKS
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[24]Mohammadzade A, Rezaie A, Aghazade SE. Death Depression scale validation in students. J Ilam Univ Med Sci. 2016;1(24):89-97. [Persian]
[25]Alizade H, Hashemi M. The effectiveness of the treatment plan wives of veterans with PTSD impact on reducing symptoms of this disorder in veterans with Adler's approach and improve marital satisfaction. Psychol Stud. 2008;4(3):93-114. [Persian]
[2]Mohaghegh Motlagh SJ, Momtazi S, Mousavi Nasab SN, Arab A, Sabouri E, Sabouri A. Post-traumatic stress disorder in male chemical injured war veterans compared to non-chemical war veterans. Med J Mashhad Univ Med Sci. 2014;56(6):361-8. [Persian]
[3]Fathi Ashtiyani A, Toulayi SA, Azizabadi Farahani M, Moghani Lankarani, A. Association of psychological symptoms and self esteem in chemical warfare agent exposed veterans. J Mil Med. 2008;9(4):273-82. [Persian]
[4]Karami GR, Amiri M, Ameli J, Kachooei H, Ghodoosi K, Saadat AR, et al. Psychological health status of mustard gas exposed veterans. J Mil Med. 2006;8(1):1-7. [Persian]
[5]Dabbaghi P, Bolhari J. The effect of war related PTSD on wife’s marital satisfaction, mental health and children’s behavioral problems. Ann Mil Health Sci Res. 2009;7(1):1-7. [Persian]
[6]Hoseini SM. Death. Tehran: Neyestan Book Publishing; 2004. [Persian]
[7]Nyatunga B. Towards a definition of death anxiety. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2006;12(9):410-3.
[8]Nourbala AA. Psychiatric Disoders in Combatants. J Mil Med. 2003;4(4):257-60. [Persian]
[9]Kajbaf M, Ghasemiannezhad Jahromi AN, Ahmadi Foroshani SH. Spiritual effect of group therapy on depression, anxiety, death and belief in life after death continue to rely on the reports of the death of the student experience. Stud Appl Psychol. 2015;16(4):4-13. [Persian]
[10]Yalom A. Existential psychotherapy. Habib S, translator. Tehran: Ney Publishing; 2011. [Persian]
[11]Ghorbani E, Saadatmand S, Sepehrian Azar F, Asadnia S, Feyzipour H. Surveying the relationship between hope, death, anxiety with mental health on students of urmia university. Urmia Med J. 2013;28(4):607-16. [Persian]
[12]Buzzanga V, Miller H, Perne S. The relation between death anxiety and levelof self-esteem: A reassessment. Bull Psychon Soc. 1989;27(6):570-2.
[13]Mohammadzade A, Najafi M. he Prediction of Death Obsession According to Religiosity Orientations: Role of sex. Iran J Clin Psychol. 2010;2(3):65-72. [Persion]
[14]Behdani F, Fayyazi Bordbar MR, Hebrani P, Talebi M, Kohestani L. Psychiatric symptoms in chemical and somatic combat veterans. J Mil Med. 2009;11(1):31-5. [Persion]
[15]Bahreinian SA, Borhani H. Mental health in group of war veterans and their spouses in Qom. Res Med. 2003;27(4):305-12. [Persian]
[16]Tavallaie SA, Assari SH, Najafi M, Habibi M, Ghanei M. Study of sleep quality in chemical-warfare-agents exposed veterans. J Mil Med. 2005;6(4):241-8. [Persian]
[17]Vafaei B, Seydi A. Study of the prevalence and intensity of depression in 100 devotees with chemical and non-chemical war injuies (30-70%) of Imposed war in Tabriz. J Mil Med. 2003;5(2):105-10. [Persian]
[18]Pechura CM, Rall DP. Relationship of mustard agent and lewisite exposure to psychological dysfunction. In: Veterans at risk: The health effects of mustard gas and lewisite. Pechura CM, Rall DP, editors. Washington DC: National Academies Press; 1993. pp. 199-213.
[19]Ragsdale KG, Cox RD, Finn P, Eisler RM. Effectiveness of short-term specialize inpatienttreatment for war-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A role for advanture-based counseling and psychodrama. J Trauma Stress. 1996;9(2):269-83.
[20]Hashemian F, Khoshnood K, Desai M, Falahati F, Kasl S, Southwick S. Anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress in iranian survivors of chemical warfare. JAMA. 2006;296(5):560-6.
[21]Masoudzade A, Setare J, Mohammadpour Tahamtan RA, Modanlou Kordi M. A survey of death anxiety among personnel of a hospital in Sari. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2006;18(67):84-90. [Persian]
[22]Brewer G. Differing death scenarios: self- esteem and Death anxiety [Dissertation]. Johnson City, Tennessee: East Tennessee State University; 2002.
[23]Tomás-Sábado J, Gómez-Benito J. Psychometric properties of the Spanish form of Templer's Death Anxiety scale. Psychol Rep. 2002;91(3 Pt 2):1116-20.
[24]Mohammadzade A, Rezaie A, Aghazade SE. Death Depression scale validation in students. J Ilam Univ Med Sci. 2016;1(24):89-97. [Persian]
[25]Alizade H, Hashemi M. The effectiveness of the treatment plan wives of veterans with PTSD impact on reducing symptoms of this disorder in veterans with Adler's approach and improve marital satisfaction. Psychol Stud. 2008;4(3):93-114. [Persian]