@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2018;10(1):21-26
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2018;10(1):21-26
Effect of Positive Psychotherapy Based on Virtual Social Networks on Anxiety and Depression Reduction in Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Firoozy M. (*)Ramezani Piyani M. (1)
(*) Clinical Psychology Department, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
(1) Clinical Psychology Department, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Clinical Psychology Department, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Enghelab Street, Tehran, IranPhone: +98 (25) 36166650
Fax: +98 (25) 36644081
mfmafi36@gmail.com
Article History
Received: August 5, 2017Accepted: October 17, 2017
ePublished: January 11, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
Spinal cord injured veterans’ problems significantly affect on psychological health of these people. Because of veterans’ disability to move and, consequently, excessive difficulty for going to health centers and attending therapeutic sessions, makes it necessary to carry out remote psychological interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology on decreasing psychological distress among veterans through virtual social networks.
Materials & Methods The present applied research is a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group that carried out among 38 veterans with spinal cord injury in Khuzestan province. They were randomly selected from the list of Martyr and Sacrifices’ Foundation of Khuzestan province in 2017 and they were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (19 people in each group). For data collection, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used in pre-test and post-test. The experimental group received 14 sessions of positive psychotherapy and the control group did not receive any interventions. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).
Findings There was a significant difference in post-test scores of depression and anxiety between experimental and control groups and positive psychological intervention significantly reduced depression and anxiety in the experimental group (p=0.001).
Conclusion Positive psychological interventions based on virtual social networks (telegrams) is effective on anxiety and depression reduction in veterans with spinal cord injury.
Materials & Methods The present applied research is a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group that carried out among 38 veterans with spinal cord injury in Khuzestan province. They were randomly selected from the list of Martyr and Sacrifices’ Foundation of Khuzestan province in 2017 and they were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (19 people in each group). For data collection, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used in pre-test and post-test. The experimental group received 14 sessions of positive psychotherapy and the control group did not receive any interventions. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).
Findings There was a significant difference in post-test scores of depression and anxiety between experimental and control groups and positive psychological intervention significantly reduced depression and anxiety in the experimental group (p=0.001).
Conclusion Positive psychological interventions based on virtual social networks (telegrams) is effective on anxiety and depression reduction in veterans with spinal cord injury.
CITATION LINKS
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[20]Proudfoot J, Clarke J, Birch MR, Whitton AE, Parker G, Manicavasagar V, et al. Impact of a mobile phone and web program on symptom and functional outcomes for people with mild-to-moderate depression, anxiety and stress: A randomised controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:312.
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[29]Meyer B, Bierbrodt J, Schröder J, Berger Th, Beevers CG, Weiss M, et al. Effects of an Internet intervention (Deprexis) on severe depression symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Internet Int. 2015;2(1):48-59.
[30]Blackwell SE, Browning M, Mathews A, Pictet A, Welch J, Davies J, et al. Positive imagery-based cognitive bias modification as a web-based treatment tool for depressed adults: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Psychol Sci. 2015;3(1):91-111.
[31]Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/Internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games Health J. 2015;4(3):235-46.
[32]Van Straten A, Emmelkamp J, De Wit J, Lancee J, Andersson G, van Someren EJ, et al. Guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural treatment for insomnia: A randomized trial. Psychol. Med. 2014;44(7):1521-32.
[33]Kuester A, Niemeyer H, Knaevelsrud C. Internet-based interventions for posttraumatic stress: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;43:1-16.
[2]Mikaeili N, Molavi P, Einy S, Tagavy M. Effectiveness of emotion focused therapy on emotional dysregulation, hopelessness and suicidal ideation in post-traumatic stress disorder veterans. Iran J War Public Health. 2017;9(3):112-7.
[3]McColl MA, Charlifue S, Glass C, Savic G, Meehan M. International differences in ageing and spinal cord injury. Spinal cord. 2002;40(3):128-36.
[4]Seligman MEP, Rashid T, Parks AC. Positive psychotherapy. Am Psychol. 2006;61(8):774-88.
[5]Park N, Peterson Ch, Szvarca D. Positive psychology and physical health. Res Appl. 2014;10(3):200-6.
[6]Cullen B, Pownall J, Cummings J, Baylan S, Broomfield N, Haig C, et al. Positive psycho therapy in abi rehab (PoPsTAR): A pilot randomised controlled trial. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2016;4:1-17.
[7]Rashid T. Positive psychotherapy: A strength-based approach. J Posit Psychol. 2015;10(1):25-40.
[8]Rashid T. Positive psychotherapy; Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. Netherlands: Springer; 2014. pp. 4933-8.
[9]Schrank B, Brownell T, Tylee A, Slade M. Positive psychology: An approach to supporting recovery in mental illness. East Asian Arch Psychiatry. 2014;24(3):95-103.
[10]Tomasulo DJ. Positive group psychotherapy modified for adults with intellectual disabilities. J Intellect Disabil. 2014;18(4):337-50.
[11]Kahler ChW, Spillane NS, Day A, Clerkin EM, Parks A, Leventhal AM, et al. Positive psychotherapy for smoking cessation: Treatment development, feasibility, and preliminary results. J Posit Psychol. 2014;9(1):19-29.
[12]Weitz P. Psychotherapy 2.0: Where psychotherapy and technology meet. London: Karnac Books; 2014.
[13]Graham R. The perception of digital objects and their impact on development. J Psychoanal Psychother. 2013;27(4):269-79.
[14]Chakrabarti S. Usefulness of telepsychiatry: A critical evaluation of videoconferencing-based approaches. World J Psychiatry. 2015;5(3):286-304.
[15]Barak A, Hen L, Boniel Nissim M, Shapira NA. A comprehensive review and a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of internet-based psychotherapeutic interventions. J Technol Hum Serv. 2008;26(2-4):109-60.
[16]Grady BJ. A comparative cost analysis of an integrated military telemental health-care service. Telemed J E-Health. 2002;8(3):293-300.
[17]Kraft E, Wang J. An exploratory study of the cyberbullying and cyberstalking experiences and factors related to victimization of students at a public liberal arts college. Int J Techno. 2010;1(4):18.
[18]Walter T. New mourners, old mourners: Online memorial culture as a chapter in the history of mourning. New Rev Hypermed Multimed. 2015;21(1-2):10-24.
[19]Razmgah P, Mojtahedzadeh R, Borjaliloo S, Mohammadi A. The effect of social network and short messages through e-content on reducing negative thoughts in women. Virtual Learn Med Sci. 2016;7(4):e11160.
[20]Proudfoot J, Clarke J, Birch MR, Whitton AE, Parker G, Manicavasagar V, et al. Impact of a mobile phone and web program on symptom and functional outcomes for people with mild-to-moderate depression, anxiety and stress: A randomised controlled trial. BMC psychiatry. 2013;13:312.
[21]Lee EH, Lee SJ, Hwang ST, Hong SH, Kim JH. Reliability and Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II among Korean Adolescents. Psychiatry Investig. 2017;14(1):30-6.
[22]Ghassemzadeh H, Mojtabai R, Karamghadiri N, Ebrahimkhani N. Psychometric properties of a Persian‐language version of the Beck Depression Inventory‐Second edition: BDI‐II‐Persian. Depress Anxiety. 2005;21(4):185-92.
[23]Ke Y, Ng T, Yeo HL, Shwe M, Gan YX, Chan A. Psychometric properties and measurement equivalence of the English and Chinese versions of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in patients with breast cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2017;25(2):633-43.
[24]Askarizadeh G, Karamoozian M, Darekordi A. Validation of Iranian version of pregnancy related anxiety questionnaire. Int J Prev Med. 2017;8:17.
[25]Carr A. Positive psychology: The science of happiness and human strengths. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge; 2011.
[26]Andersson G, Titov N. Advantages and limitations of Internet‐based interventions for common mental disorders. World Psychiatry. 2014;13(1):4-11.
[27]Ebert DD, Zarski AC, Christensen H, Stikkelbroek Y, Cuijpers P, Berking M, et al. Internet and computer-based cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in youth: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled outcome trials. PloS one. 2015;10(3): e0119895.
[28]Donker T, Blankers M, Hedman E, Ljotsson B, Petrie K, Christensen H. Economic evaluations of Internet interventions for mental health: A systematic review. Psychol Med. 2015;45(16):3357-76.
[29]Meyer B, Bierbrodt J, Schröder J, Berger Th, Beevers CG, Weiss M, et al. Effects of an Internet intervention (Deprexis) on severe depression symptoms: Randomized controlled trial. Internet Int. 2015;2(1):48-59.
[30]Blackwell SE, Browning M, Mathews A, Pictet A, Welch J, Davies J, et al. Positive imagery-based cognitive bias modification as a web-based treatment tool for depressed adults: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Psychol Sci. 2015;3(1):91-111.
[31]Roepke AM, Jaffee SR, Riffle OM, McGonigal J, Broome R, Maxwell B. Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based/Internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms. Games Health J. 2015;4(3):235-46.
[32]Van Straten A, Emmelkamp J, De Wit J, Lancee J, Andersson G, van Someren EJ, et al. Guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural treatment for insomnia: A randomized trial. Psychol. Med. 2014;44(7):1521-32.
[33]Kuester A, Niemeyer H, Knaevelsrud C. Internet-based interventions for posttraumatic stress: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;43:1-16.