@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-3483 Journal of Police Medicine 2019;8(3):111-115
ISSN: 2383-3483 Journal of Police Medicine 2019;8(3):111-115
Mindfulness-Based Training Effectiveness on Reducing the Craving Beliefs and Relapse in Amphetamine Quitting Addicts
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Kiani A. (*)Madani M. (1)
Fathi A. (2)
(*) Psychology Department, Human Sciences Faculty, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
(1) Psychology Department, Human Sciences Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
(2) NAJA Institute for Police Sciences & Social Studies, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran. Postal Code: 5451116714Phone: -
Fax: -
ps.mkiyani@gmail.com
Article History
Received: November 8, 2018Accepted: April 20, 2019
ePublished: June 15, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
Drug addiction is a worldwide pervasive problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based training on reducing the craving beliefs and relapse in amphetamine quitting addicts.
Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study was conducted among amphetamine consumers who referred to outpatient centers in Tabriz in 2018. Forty subjects were selected by random available sampling method and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received mindfulness-based training in 8 sessions (90 minutes in per session). The craving beliefs questionnaire and relapse to drug abuse questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Findings The mean scores of craving beliefs of experimental group reduced in post-test rather to pre-test and the mean difference between two groups was significant in post-test (p=0.0001). The mean scores of relapse of experimental group reduced in post-test rather to pre-test and the mean difference between two groups was significant in post-test (p=0.0001).
Conclusion The mindfulness-based training is effective on reducing the craving beliefs and relapse in amphetamine quitting addicts.
Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study was conducted among amphetamine consumers who referred to outpatient centers in Tabriz in 2018. Forty subjects were selected by random available sampling method and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received mindfulness-based training in 8 sessions (90 minutes in per session). The craving beliefs questionnaire and relapse to drug abuse questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Findings The mean scores of craving beliefs of experimental group reduced in post-test rather to pre-test and the mean difference between two groups was significant in post-test (p=0.0001). The mean scores of relapse of experimental group reduced in post-test rather to pre-test and the mean difference between two groups was significant in post-test (p=0.0001).
Conclusion The mindfulness-based training is effective on reducing the craving beliefs and relapse in amphetamine quitting addicts.
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Mancheri H, Heidari M, Ghodusi Borujeni M. Correlation of psychosocial problems withperception of social support families with addictedmember admitted. Iran J Psychiat Nurs. 2013;1(3):1-9. [Persian]
[3]American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). 5th Edition. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
[4]Sajjadi M, Shariatifar N, Matlabi M, Abolhassanzadeh A, Basiri K, Nazemi H. The rate of knowledge and attitude toward psychoactive drugs and its abuse prevalence in Gonabad University students. Horizon Med Sci. 2009;15(2):58-65. [Persian]
[5]Parsegian A1, Glen WB Jr, Lavin A, See RE. Methamphetamine self-administration produces attentional set-shifting deficits and alters prefrontal cortical neurophysiology in rats. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;69(3):253-9.
[6]Shohamy D, Myers C, Kalanithi J, Gluck MA. Basal ganglia and dopamine contributions to probabilistic category learning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008;32(2):219-36.
[7]Salimi SH, Haghnazari A, ZohrehVand M. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (mbct) on drug craving in heroin addicts treated by methadone maintenance. J Clin Psychol. 2016;8(2):23-31. [Persian]
[8]Witkiewitz K, Marlatt GA. Relapse prevention for alcohol and drug problems: That was Zen, this is Tao. Am Psychol. 2004;59(4):224-35.
[9]Grant BF, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Dufour MC, Compton W, et al. Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(8):807-16.
[10]Mokri A, Noroozi A. Protocol on management of opioid dependence with methadone. 3rd Edition. Tehran: Office of Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment, Office of Mental Health Saa; 2014.
[11]Drummond DC. What does cue-reactivity have to offer clinical research?. Addiction. 2000;95(Suppl 2):S129-44.
[12]Ekhtiari H, Behzadi A, Oghabian M, Edalati H, Mokri A. Visual cues inducing craving in heroin injecting drug users. Adv Cogn Sci. 2006;3(1):43-51. [Persian]
[13]Witkiewitz K, Marlatt A, Walker D. Mind-fulness-based relapse prevention for alcohol and substance use disorders. J Cogn Psychother. 2005;19(3):221-29.
[14]Segal Z, Williams J, Teasdale J. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford Press; 2002.
[15]Hayes SC, Strosahl H, Wilson KG. Acceptance and commitment therapy. 2nd Edition. New York: Guilford Press; 2003.
[16]Greenfield BL, Roos C, Hagler KJ, Stein E, Bowen S, Witkiewitz KA. Race/ethnicity and racial group composition moderate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance use disorder. Addict Behav. 2018;81(11):96-103.
[17]Witkiewitz K, Bowen S, Douglas H, Hsu SH. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance craving. Addict Behav. 2013;38(2):1563-71.
[18]Bowen S, Marlatt G. Surfing the urge: Brief mindfulness-based intervention for collegestudent smokers. Psychol Addict Behav. 2009;2(1):666-71.
[19]Beck AT, Clark DA. An information processing model of anxiety: Automatic and strategic processes. Behav Res Ther. 1997;35(1):49-58.
[20]Mohammadkhani Sh. Sadeghi N, Valiiollah F. The causal model of relationships of negative emotions, core beliefs, substance-related beliefs, craving and emotion regulation with substance abuse relapse. J Psychol. 2010;6(23):155-81. [Persian]
[21]Write JF. Predicting relapse among young adults: Psychometric validation of the advanced warning of relapse (AWARE) scale. Addict Behav. 2011;36(10):987-93.
[22]Firoozabadi A, Ghanbari B, Mahmoud S. The efficacy of detached mindfulness and distraction techniques in craving and relapse rates in opiate dependent male subjects. J Fundam Ment Health. 2010;11(44):292-301. [Persian]
[23]Asgari A, Pourshahbaz A, Farhoodian A. Personality dimensions influencing the relapse of substance abuse in drug dependents under methadone maintenance treatment. J Res Addict. 2011;5(19):7-20. [Persian]
[24]Marlatt GA, Bowen S, Chawla N, Witkiewitz K. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance abusers: Therapist training and therapeutic relationships. In: Hick S, Bien T, editors. Mindfulness and the therapeutic relationship. New York: Guilford Press; 2008.
[25]Elwafi HM, Witkiewitz K, Mallik S, Thornhill TA, Brewer JA. Craving and cigarette useMindfulness training for smoking cessation: Moderation of the relationship between. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;130(1-3):222- 9.
[26]Farnam A, Borjali A, Sohrabi F, Falsafinejad M. The effectiveness of the mindfulness based relapse prevention (mbrp) model on relapse prevention and coping skills enhancement in people with substance dependency. J Clin Psychol. 2014;4(16):79-99. [Persian]
[27]Chiesa A, Serretti A, Jakobsen JC. Mindfulness: Top-down or bottom–up emotion regulation strategy?. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013;33(1):82-96.
[28]Basharpoor S. The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral coping skills training and mindfulness-based relapse prevention program in the improvement of treatment motivation in drug dependent individuals. Res Addict. 2016;10(38):55-70. [Persian]
[29]Baer RA. Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10(2):125-43.
[30]Kazemi-Zahrani H, Jalali N. The effectiveness of mindfulness based on relapse prevention model on depression tolerance, temptation in methamphetamine dependent patients. J Police Med. 2019;8(1):21-6. [Persian]
[31]Jualie A. Tuker, D. Changing in Addictive Behaviors. New York: Guidford Press; 1999.
[32]Williams M, Penman D. Mindfulness: A practical guide to finding peace in a frantic world. Victoria Embankment London: Piatkus Press; 2011.