@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2018;24(3):231-238
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2018;24(3):231-238
Depression and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery: Age and Sexual Differences
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Javadzadeh Moghtader A (1)Salari A (1)
Shad B (*)
Hasandokht T (1)
Nourisaeed A (1)
(*) Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
(1) Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, Rasht, IranPhone: +98 (13) 33618177
Fax: +98 (41) 88794755
ajmoo2016@gmail.com
Article History
Received: October 23, 2017Accepted: May 23, 2018
ePublished: July 23, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is like any other type of surgical
procedure for a stressful patient and anxiety and depression are common and
important disorders in these patients. The aim of this study is to assess the
incidence of anxiety and depression regarding the age and sex differences in
patients undergoing open heart surgery.
Materials & Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 205 patients between 30 and 80 years old were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected by a 3section questionnaire, including demographic factor, hospital anxiety and depression scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory a day before surgery. The patients were chosen from elective heart surgery in Heshmat hospital of Rasht. The variables were evaluated using chi squre, independent test and one way Anova. Analyses were performed using Spss version 19.
Findings A total of 205 people, 66.3% patients were men and 33% women. 58.1% of men and 55.1% of women were suffering from some degree of depression and this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.8). Considerable different in trait anxiety and state anxiety of The average score of anxiety and depression of the patients was not significantly different in terms of age as well ( Above and under 50).
Conclusion Considering the high incidence of anxiety and depression in these patients, symptoms should be observed and cured , and if necessary preventive psychological and clinical interviews in these patients are recommended.
Materials & Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 205 patients between 30 and 80 years old were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected by a 3section questionnaire, including demographic factor, hospital anxiety and depression scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory a day before surgery. The patients were chosen from elective heart surgery in Heshmat hospital of Rasht. The variables were evaluated using chi squre, independent test and one way Anova. Analyses were performed using Spss version 19.
Findings A total of 205 people, 66.3% patients were men and 33% women. 58.1% of men and 55.1% of women were suffering from some degree of depression and this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.8). Considerable different in trait anxiety and state anxiety of The average score of anxiety and depression of the patients was not significantly different in terms of age as well ( Above and under 50).
Conclusion Considering the high incidence of anxiety and depression in these patients, symptoms should be observed and cured , and if necessary preventive psychological and clinical interviews in these patients are recommended.
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Rymaszewska J, Kiejna A, Hadryś T. Depression and anxiety in coronary artery bypass grafting patients. Eur Psychiatry. 2003;18(4):155-60.
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[13]Andrew MJ, Baker RA, Kneebone AC, Knight JL. Mood state as a predictor of neuropsychological deficits following cardiac surgery. J Psychosom Res. 2000;48(6):537-46.
[14]Krannich JH, Weyers P, Lueger S, Herzog M, Bohrer T, Elert O. Presence of depression and anxiety before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and their relationship to age. BMC psychiatry. 2007;7(1):47.
[15]Nowicka-Sauer K, Beta S, Nowak R, Jarmoszewicz K, Molisz A, Batkiewicz S, et al. Anxiety following cardiac surgery- an important aspect of health status assessment. Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2016;18(3):317-20.
[16]Tully PJ, Winefield HR, Baker RA, Denollet J, Pedersen SS, Wittert GA, et al. Depression, anxiety and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A five year longitudinal cohort study. BiopsychoSoc Med. 2015;9(1):14.
[17]Poole L, Ronaldson A, Kidd T, Leigh E, Jahangiri M, Steptoe A. Pre-surgical depression and anxiety and recovery following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Behav Med. 2017;40(2):249-58.
[18]Gallagher R, McKinley S. Anxiety, depression and perceived control in patients having coronary artery bypass grafts. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65(11):2386-96.
[19]Burg MM, Benedetto MC, Rosenberg R, Soufer R. Presurgical depression predicts medical morbidity 6 months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Psychosom Med. 2003;65(1):111-8.
[20]Kaviani H, Seyfourian H, Sharifi V, Ebrahimkhani N. Reliability and validity of Anxiety and Depression Hospital Scales (HADS): Iranian patients with anxiety and depression disorders. Tehran Univ Med J. 2009;67(5):379-85.
[21]Montazeri A, Vahdaninia M, Ebrahimi M, Jarvandi S. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1(1):14.
[22]M Ps. A preliminary study , validity and reliability list of state- trait anxiety. Tehran: Tarbiat Modarres University; 1993:12.
[23]Burker EJ, Blumenthal JA, Feldman M, Burnett R, White W, Smith LR, et al. Depression in male and female patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Br J Clin Psychol. 1995;34(1):119-28.
[24]Korbmacher B, Ulbrich S, Dalyanoglu H, Lichtenberg A, Schipke J, Franz M, et al. Perioperative and long-term development of anxiety and depression in CABG patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;61(8):676-81.
[25]Rankin SH. Differences in recovery from cardiac surgery: A profile of male and female patients. Heart Lung. 1990;19(5 Pt 1):481-5.
[26]Artinian NT, Duggan CH. Sex differences in patient recovery patterns after coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart Lung. 1995;24(6):483-94.
[27]Brezinka V, Kittel F. Psychosocial factors of coronary heart disease in women: a review. Soc Sci Med 1996;42(10):1351-65.
[28]Pirraglia PA, Peterson JC, Williams‐Russo P, Gorkin L, Charlson ME. Depressive symptomatology in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1999;14(8):668-80.
[29]Moore SM. A comparison of women's and men's symptoms during home recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart Lung. 1995;24(6):495-501.
[30]Behrozian F, Yazdaninejad S, Khajemogahi N, Sheikhi MA, Bahrami Ilkhchi R, Salehi Veyisi M, et al. Depression prevalence before and after coronary artery bypass surgery and its correlation with some clinical and demographic factors. Jentashapir Sci Med J. 2013:73-85.
[31]Timberlake N, Klinger L, Smith P, Venn G, Treasure T, Harrison M, et al. Incidence and patterns of depression following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Psychosom Res. 1997;43(2):197-207.
[32]Dunkel A, Kendel F, Lehmkuhl E, Babitsch B, Oertelt-Prigione S, Hetzer R, et al. Predictors of preoperative depressive risk in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Clin Res cardiol. 2009;98(10):643-50.
[33]McCrone S, Lenz E, Tarzian A, Perkins S. Anxiety and depression: Incidence and patterns in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. App Nurs Res. 2001;14(3):155-64.
[34]Fathi M, Alavi SM, Joudi M, Joudi M, Mahdikhani H, Ferasatkish R, et al. Preoperative anxiety in candidates for heart surgery. Iran J psychiatry Behav Sci. 2014;8(2):90-6.
[35]Gonçalves KKN, Silva JId, Gomes ET, Pinheiro LLdS, Figueiredo TR, Bezerra SMMdS. Anxiety in the preoperative period of heart surgery. Revista Brasileira De Enfermagem. 2016;69(2):397-403. [Portuguese]
[36]Tsushima WT, Johnson DB, Lee JD, Matsukawa JM, Fast KM. Depression, anxiety and neuropsychological test scores of candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2005;20(5):667-73.
[37]Valentini M, Spezzaferri R, Brambilla G, Tavanelli M, Sangiuliano M, Majorino G, et al. Complexity of observable psychological distress after surgical myocardial revascularization in male subjects. Ital Heart J Suppl. 2005;6(6):375-81. [Italian]
[38]Perski A, Osuchowski K, Andersson L, Sanden Å, Feleke E, Anderson G. Intensive rehabilitation of emotionally distressed patients after coronary by‐pass grafting. J Intern Med. 1999;246(3):253-63.
[39]Dunkel A, Kendel F, Lehmkuhl E, Hetzer R, Regitz-Zagrosek V. Causal attributions among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: Gender aspects and relation to depressive symptomatology. J Behav Med. 2011;34(5):351-9.
[40]Doering LV, Magsarili MC, Howitt LY, Cowan MJ. Clinical depression in women after cardiac surgery. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2006;21(2):132-9.
[2]Rymaszewska J, Kiejna A, Hadryś T. Depression and anxiety in coronary artery bypass grafting patients. Eur Psychiatry. 2003;18(4):155-60.
[3]Asadi Noughabi A, Shaban M, Faghihzadeh S, Asadi M. Effect of cardiac rehabilitation program's first phase on anxiety in patients with coronary arteries bypass surgery. J Hayat. 2009;14(3-4):5-13.
[4]Meningaud JP, Benadiba L, Servant JM, Herve C, Bertrand JC, Pelicier Y. Depression, anxiety and quality of life among scheduled cosmetic surgery patients: Multicentre prospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2001;29(3):177-80.
[5]Dickens C. Depression in people with coronary heart disease: Prognostic significance and mechanisms. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2015;17(10):83.
[6]Carney RM, Freedland KE, Steinmeyer B, Blumenthal JA, Berkman LF, Watkins LL, et al. Depression and five year survival following acute myocardial infarction: A prospective study. J Affect Disord. 2008;109(1-2):133-8.
[7]Connerney I, Shapiro PA, McLaughlin JS, Bagiella E, Sloan RP. Relation between depression after coronary artery bypass surgery and 12-month outcome: A prospective study. Lancet. 2001;358(9295):1766-71.
[8]Pignay-Demaria V, Lespérance F, Demaria RG, Frasure-Smith N, Perrault LP. Depression and anxiety and outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75(1):314-21.
[9]Stenman M, Holzmann MJ, Sartipy U. Relation of major depression to survival after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol. 2014;114(5):698-703.
[10]Blumenthal JA, Lett HS, Babyak MA, White W, Smith PK, Mark DB, et al. Depression as a risk factor for mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. Lancet. 2003;362(9384):604-9.
[11]Nicholson A, Kuper H, Hemingway H. Depression as an aetiologic and prognostic factor in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of 6362 events among 146 538 participants in 54 observational studies. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(23):2763-74.
[12]Gallagher R, McKinley S. Stressors and anxiety in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Am J Crit Care. 2007;16(3):248-57.
[13]Andrew MJ, Baker RA, Kneebone AC, Knight JL. Mood state as a predictor of neuropsychological deficits following cardiac surgery. J Psychosom Res. 2000;48(6):537-46.
[14]Krannich JH, Weyers P, Lueger S, Herzog M, Bohrer T, Elert O. Presence of depression and anxiety before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and their relationship to age. BMC psychiatry. 2007;7(1):47.
[15]Nowicka-Sauer K, Beta S, Nowak R, Jarmoszewicz K, Molisz A, Batkiewicz S, et al. Anxiety following cardiac surgery- an important aspect of health status assessment. Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2016;18(3):317-20.
[16]Tully PJ, Winefield HR, Baker RA, Denollet J, Pedersen SS, Wittert GA, et al. Depression, anxiety and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A five year longitudinal cohort study. BiopsychoSoc Med. 2015;9(1):14.
[17]Poole L, Ronaldson A, Kidd T, Leigh E, Jahangiri M, Steptoe A. Pre-surgical depression and anxiety and recovery following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Behav Med. 2017;40(2):249-58.
[18]Gallagher R, McKinley S. Anxiety, depression and perceived control in patients having coronary artery bypass grafts. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65(11):2386-96.
[19]Burg MM, Benedetto MC, Rosenberg R, Soufer R. Presurgical depression predicts medical morbidity 6 months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Psychosom Med. 2003;65(1):111-8.
[20]Kaviani H, Seyfourian H, Sharifi V, Ebrahimkhani N. Reliability and validity of Anxiety and Depression Hospital Scales (HADS): Iranian patients with anxiety and depression disorders. Tehran Univ Med J. 2009;67(5):379-85.
[21]Montazeri A, Vahdaninia M, Ebrahimi M, Jarvandi S. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1(1):14.
[22]M Ps. A preliminary study , validity and reliability list of state- trait anxiety. Tehran: Tarbiat Modarres University; 1993:12.
[23]Burker EJ, Blumenthal JA, Feldman M, Burnett R, White W, Smith LR, et al. Depression in male and female patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Br J Clin Psychol. 1995;34(1):119-28.
[24]Korbmacher B, Ulbrich S, Dalyanoglu H, Lichtenberg A, Schipke J, Franz M, et al. Perioperative and long-term development of anxiety and depression in CABG patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;61(8):676-81.
[25]Rankin SH. Differences in recovery from cardiac surgery: A profile of male and female patients. Heart Lung. 1990;19(5 Pt 1):481-5.
[26]Artinian NT, Duggan CH. Sex differences in patient recovery patterns after coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart Lung. 1995;24(6):483-94.
[27]Brezinka V, Kittel F. Psychosocial factors of coronary heart disease in women: a review. Soc Sci Med 1996;42(10):1351-65.
[28]Pirraglia PA, Peterson JC, Williams‐Russo P, Gorkin L, Charlson ME. Depressive symptomatology in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1999;14(8):668-80.
[29]Moore SM. A comparison of women's and men's symptoms during home recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart Lung. 1995;24(6):495-501.
[30]Behrozian F, Yazdaninejad S, Khajemogahi N, Sheikhi MA, Bahrami Ilkhchi R, Salehi Veyisi M, et al. Depression prevalence before and after coronary artery bypass surgery and its correlation with some clinical and demographic factors. Jentashapir Sci Med J. 2013:73-85.
[31]Timberlake N, Klinger L, Smith P, Venn G, Treasure T, Harrison M, et al. Incidence and patterns of depression following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Psychosom Res. 1997;43(2):197-207.
[32]Dunkel A, Kendel F, Lehmkuhl E, Babitsch B, Oertelt-Prigione S, Hetzer R, et al. Predictors of preoperative depressive risk in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Clin Res cardiol. 2009;98(10):643-50.
[33]McCrone S, Lenz E, Tarzian A, Perkins S. Anxiety and depression: Incidence and patterns in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. App Nurs Res. 2001;14(3):155-64.
[34]Fathi M, Alavi SM, Joudi M, Joudi M, Mahdikhani H, Ferasatkish R, et al. Preoperative anxiety in candidates for heart surgery. Iran J psychiatry Behav Sci. 2014;8(2):90-6.
[35]Gonçalves KKN, Silva JId, Gomes ET, Pinheiro LLdS, Figueiredo TR, Bezerra SMMdS. Anxiety in the preoperative period of heart surgery. Revista Brasileira De Enfermagem. 2016;69(2):397-403. [Portuguese]
[36]Tsushima WT, Johnson DB, Lee JD, Matsukawa JM, Fast KM. Depression, anxiety and neuropsychological test scores of candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2005;20(5):667-73.
[37]Valentini M, Spezzaferri R, Brambilla G, Tavanelli M, Sangiuliano M, Majorino G, et al. Complexity of observable psychological distress after surgical myocardial revascularization in male subjects. Ital Heart J Suppl. 2005;6(6):375-81. [Italian]
[38]Perski A, Osuchowski K, Andersson L, Sanden Å, Feleke E, Anderson G. Intensive rehabilitation of emotionally distressed patients after coronary by‐pass grafting. J Intern Med. 1999;246(3):253-63.
[39]Dunkel A, Kendel F, Lehmkuhl E, Hetzer R, Regitz-Zagrosek V. Causal attributions among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: Gender aspects and relation to depressive symptomatology. J Behav Med. 2011;34(5):351-9.
[40]Doering LV, Magsarili MC, Howitt LY, Cowan MJ. Clinical depression in women after cardiac surgery. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2006;21(2):132-9.