@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2251-8215 Sarem Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2017;1(1):15-19
ISSN: 2251-8215 Sarem Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2017;1(1):15-19
Rotating Withdrawal as an Effective Technique to Decrease Complications of IUD
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Saremi A.T. (*)(*) “Sarem Fertility & Infertility Research Center (SAFIR)” and “Sarem Cell Research Center (SCRC)” , Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: September 23, 2014Accepted: January 5, 2016
ePublished: February 15, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
The use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) has been one of the most effective, the safest and cost-effective methods for preventing pregnancy, for a long time. However, some complications have been reported for IUDs. The complications may be reduced by using a specific technique for placement of IUD. The objective of this study was to introduce the rotating withdrawal technique for the first time, which was investigated to reduce the complications of IUD insertion.
Materials & Methods This historical cohort study was conducted on 1199 females who referred to Sarem Medical Center for IUD insertion from 1984 to 1995. After primary examinations, IUD was inserted by rotating withdrawal technique. The subjects were followed up for 2 years.
Findings Displacement was observed just in 20 cases (1.67%). All of them were seen in the first month after placement. For these cases, IUD insertion was done again. After the second replacement, displacement was observed in 4 cases (0.035%) after one month. Therefore, it was recommended to them to use another preventive method. There was no pregnancy or displacement in the other cases during 2 years.
Conclusion The rotating withdrawal technique can minimize the pregnancy rate when IUD is used. In addition to the type and quality of IUD, insertion method of IUD can increase its effectiveness.
Materials & Methods This historical cohort study was conducted on 1199 females who referred to Sarem Medical Center for IUD insertion from 1984 to 1995. After primary examinations, IUD was inserted by rotating withdrawal technique. The subjects were followed up for 2 years.
Findings Displacement was observed just in 20 cases (1.67%). All of them were seen in the first month after placement. For these cases, IUD insertion was done again. After the second replacement, displacement was observed in 4 cases (0.035%) after one month. Therefore, it was recommended to them to use another preventive method. There was no pregnancy or displacement in the other cases during 2 years.
Conclusion The rotating withdrawal technique can minimize the pregnancy rate when IUD is used. In addition to the type and quality of IUD, insertion method of IUD can increase its effectiveness.
CITATION LINKS
[1]Toppozada M, el-Sahwi S, Kamel M, Riad W, Gaweesh S, Ibrahim I. Prostaglandins and cellular reaction in uterine flushings. II. Effect of PG synthesis inhibition in IUD users. Adv Contracept. 1987;3(4):303-13.
[2]Barwijuk AJ, Czekanowski R. A case of pelvic actinomycosis in a woman as a complication of long-term IUD use. Ginekol Pol. 1994;65(4):204-6.
[3]Timonen H, Kurppa K. IUD perforation leading to obstructive nephropathy necessitating nephrectomy: A rare complication. Adv Contracept. 1987;3(1):71-5.
[4]Grimes DA. Rates of birth defect(s) and exposure to IUD during pregnancy. Contraception. 2004;69(4):343.
[5]Gillis E, Chhiv N, Kang S, Sayegh R, Lotfipour S. Case of urethral foreign body: IUD perforation of the bladder with calculus formation. Cal J Emerg Med, 2006;7(3):47-53.
[6]Sanyal R, Banerjee S, Taori K, Pregnancy and IUD in different horns of the uterus. J Clin Ultrasound. 2007;35(1):40-1.
[7]No authors listed. Intrauterine devices: An effective alternative to oral hormonal contraception. Prescrire Int. 2009;18(101):125-30.
[8]Weiss E. Moore K. An assessment of the quality of information available on the internet about the IUD and the potential impact on contraceptive choices. Contraception. 2003;68(5):359-64.
[9]Schwarz EB, Kavanaugh M, Douglas E, Dubowitz T, Creinin MD. Interest in intrauterine contraception among seekers of emergency contraception and pregnancy testing. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(4):833-9.
[10]Barbariyan A. Population and family planning. Tehran: Noor-e-Danesh Publication; 2007. [Persian]
[11]Wildemeersch D, Rowe PJ. Assessment of menstrual blood loss in Belgian users of the frameless copper-releasing IUD with copper surface area of 200 mm2 and users of a copper- levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Contraception. 2004;70(2):169-72.
[12]Dunn JSJR, Zerbe MJ, Bloomquist JL, Ellerkman RM, Bent AE. Ectopic IUD complicating pregnancy. A case report. J Reprod Med. 2002;47(1):57-9.
[13]Andersson K, Odlind V, Rybo G. Levonorgestrel-releasing and copper-releasing (Nova T) IUDs during five years of use: A randomized comparative trial. Contraception. 1994;49(1):56-72.
[14]Andersson K, Odlind V, Rybo G. The effect of adding copper onto Lippes Loop IUDs: Results from a ten-year study in Yugoslavia. Contraception. 1991;43(3):229-39.
[15]Hasanain FH. The misplaced IUD. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2002;78(3):251-2.
[16]Cleland J. Ali MM. Reproductive consequences of contraceptive failure in 19 developing countries. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104(2):314-20.
[17]Wang D. Contraceptive failure in China. Contraception, 2002;66(3):173-8.
[18]Thonneau P, Goulard H, Goyaux N. Risk factors for intrauterine device failure: A review. Contraception. 2001;64(1):33-7.
[2]Barwijuk AJ, Czekanowski R. A case of pelvic actinomycosis in a woman as a complication of long-term IUD use. Ginekol Pol. 1994;65(4):204-6.
[3]Timonen H, Kurppa K. IUD perforation leading to obstructive nephropathy necessitating nephrectomy: A rare complication. Adv Contracept. 1987;3(1):71-5.
[4]Grimes DA. Rates of birth defect(s) and exposure to IUD during pregnancy. Contraception. 2004;69(4):343.
[5]Gillis E, Chhiv N, Kang S, Sayegh R, Lotfipour S. Case of urethral foreign body: IUD perforation of the bladder with calculus formation. Cal J Emerg Med, 2006;7(3):47-53.
[6]Sanyal R, Banerjee S, Taori K, Pregnancy and IUD in different horns of the uterus. J Clin Ultrasound. 2007;35(1):40-1.
[7]No authors listed. Intrauterine devices: An effective alternative to oral hormonal contraception. Prescrire Int. 2009;18(101):125-30.
[8]Weiss E. Moore K. An assessment of the quality of information available on the internet about the IUD and the potential impact on contraceptive choices. Contraception. 2003;68(5):359-64.
[9]Schwarz EB, Kavanaugh M, Douglas E, Dubowitz T, Creinin MD. Interest in intrauterine contraception among seekers of emergency contraception and pregnancy testing. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(4):833-9.
[10]Barbariyan A. Population and family planning. Tehran: Noor-e-Danesh Publication; 2007. [Persian]
[11]Wildemeersch D, Rowe PJ. Assessment of menstrual blood loss in Belgian users of the frameless copper-releasing IUD with copper surface area of 200 mm2 and users of a copper- levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Contraception. 2004;70(2):169-72.
[12]Dunn JSJR, Zerbe MJ, Bloomquist JL, Ellerkman RM, Bent AE. Ectopic IUD complicating pregnancy. A case report. J Reprod Med. 2002;47(1):57-9.
[13]Andersson K, Odlind V, Rybo G. Levonorgestrel-releasing and copper-releasing (Nova T) IUDs during five years of use: A randomized comparative trial. Contraception. 1994;49(1):56-72.
[14]Andersson K, Odlind V, Rybo G. The effect of adding copper onto Lippes Loop IUDs: Results from a ten-year study in Yugoslavia. Contraception. 1991;43(3):229-39.
[15]Hasanain FH. The misplaced IUD. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2002;78(3):251-2.
[16]Cleland J. Ali MM. Reproductive consequences of contraceptive failure in 19 developing countries. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104(2):314-20.
[17]Wang D. Contraceptive failure in China. Contraception, 2002;66(3):173-8.
[18]Thonneau P, Goulard H, Goyaux N. Risk factors for intrauterine device failure: A review. Contraception. 2001;64(1):33-7.