@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2014;6(5):207-214
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2014;6(5):207-214
Effect of Having a Post-Traumatic Stress Disordered Man on the Quality of Life, Depression, Stress, Anxiety and Structure of the Family
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Mohseni M (1)Farnia M.R ()
Taghva A (2)
Dehghan Manshadi Z (3)
Rezaei Fard A (4)
() Disaster & Military Psychiatry Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(1) Family Research Institute, Educational Sciences & Psychology Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Disaster & Military Psychiatry Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(3) Clinical Psychology Department, Educational Sciences & Psychology Faculty, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
(4) Educational Sciences Department, Psychology Faculty, Eghlid Farhangian University, Eghlid, Iran
Correspondence
Address: 505 Hospital, Oshan Square, Artesh Highway, Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 1956944141Phone: +982122195087
Fax: +982122195087
dr.farnia@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: April 11, 2014Accepted: September 23, 2014
ePublished: November 6, 2014
ABSTRACT
Aims
Post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiolytic disorder which is occurred following
exposure to incidents followed by damage or threat. The aim of this study was to assess the
effect of having a post-traumatic stress disorder man on the quality of life, depression, stress,
anxiety and structure of the family.
Materials & Methods This cross-sectional comparative study was done on the families referred to Shiraz Jannat Hospital in 2011-12. 100 families having PTSD man and 100 normal families were selected using achievable sampling method. Data collected by quality of life questionnaire, depression, anxiety and stress questionnaire, and agreeableness and family cohesion scale completed by man, their spouses and children over the 18 years old. Data analyzed by SPSS 18 and Independent-T test.
Findings Physical health, mental health and environmental health domains of men in PTSD group were significantly less than men in control group, but a significant difference only was observed in mental health scores between two groups. Depression and stress in men and families of PTSD group were significantly higher than men and families of control group. Men and families of PTSD group performed weaker compared to men and families in control group in the cohesion and adaptability domains.
Conclusion Families having husband with PTSD have poor condition in the structural and emotional and generally in quality of life domains compared to the families without husband with PTSD.
Materials & Methods This cross-sectional comparative study was done on the families referred to Shiraz Jannat Hospital in 2011-12. 100 families having PTSD man and 100 normal families were selected using achievable sampling method. Data collected by quality of life questionnaire, depression, anxiety and stress questionnaire, and agreeableness and family cohesion scale completed by man, their spouses and children over the 18 years old. Data analyzed by SPSS 18 and Independent-T test.
Findings Physical health, mental health and environmental health domains of men in PTSD group were significantly less than men in control group, but a significant difference only was observed in mental health scores between two groups. Depression and stress in men and families of PTSD group were significantly higher than men and families of control group. Men and families of PTSD group performed weaker compared to men and families in control group in the cohesion and adaptability domains.
Conclusion Families having husband with PTSD have poor condition in the structural and emotional and generally in quality of life domains compared to the families without husband with PTSD.
CITATION LINKS
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[36]Mackey WC, Immerman RS. The presence of the social father inhibiting young men’s violence. Mankind Q. 2004;44(3-4):339-66.
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[41]Tozande Jani HA. Comparison of selective processing of data on the threat in patients with released anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Knowledge Res Appl Psychol. 2008;10(35-36):15-32. [Persian]
[2]Mcfarlane AC. The long-term costs of traumatic stress: intertwined physical and psychological consequences. World Psychiatry. 2010;9(1):3-10.
[3]America Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV-TR Fourth Edition (Text Revision); 2000. Available from: www.openisbn.org/download/0890420254.pdf.
[4]Brunet A, Akerib V, Birmes P. Don't throw out the baby with the bathwater (PTSD is not overdiagnosed). Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(8):501-2.
[5]Brewer DD, Catalano RF, Haggerty K, Gainey RR, Fleming CB. A meta-analysis of predictors of continued drug use during and after treatment for opiate addiction. Addiction. 1998;93(1):73-92.
[6]Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, Hughes M, Nelson CB. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995;52(12):1048-60.
[7]Breslau N, Kessler RC, Chilcoat HD, Schultz LR, Davis GC, Andreski P. Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: the 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55(7):626-32.
[8]Sadock BJ, Kaplan HI, Sadock VA. Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/clinical Psychiatry. Bultimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
[9]Martens L, Addington J. The psychological well-being of family members of individuals with schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2001;36(3):128-33.
[10]Scharf M. Long-term effects of trauma: Psychosocial functioning of the second and third generation of Holocaust survivors. Dev Psychopathol. 2007;19(2):603-22.
[11]Mastsakis A. Vietnam Wives: Facing the Challenges of Life With Veterans Suffering Post-Traumatic Stress. 2nd ed. Bultimore: Sidran Press; 1996.
[12]Sales E. Family burden and quality of life. Qual Life Res. 2003;12(Suppl 1):33-41.
[13]Klarić M, Francisković T, Pernar M, Nembić Moro I, Milićević R, Cerni Obrdalj E. Caregiver burden and burnout in partners of war veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Coll Antropol. 2010;34(Suppl 1):15-21.
[14]Farrow TF, Hunter MD, Wilkinson ID, Gouneea C, Fawbert D, Smith R, et al. Quantifiable change in functional brain response to empathic and forgivability judgments with resolution of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2005;140(1):45-53.
[15]Radfar Sh, Haghani H, Tavalaei SA, Modirian E, Falahati M. Evaluation of mental health state in veterans family (15-18 Y/O adolescents). J Mil Med. 2005;7(3):203-9. [Persian]
[16]Waysman M, Mikulincer M, Solomon Z, Weisenberg M. Secondary traumatization among wives of PTSD combat veterans: A family typology. J Fam Psychol. 1993;7(1):104-18.
[17]Collins R. Violence: A micro-sociological theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2009.
[18]Terr LC. Family anxiety after traumatic events. J Clin Psychiatry. 1989;50(Suppl 11):15-9.
[19]Klarić M, Kvesić A, Mandić V, Petrov B, Frančišković T. Secondary traumatisation and systemic traumatic stress. Psychiatr Danub. 2013;25(Suppl 1):29-36.
[20]Riggs DS, Byrne CA, Weathers FW, Litz BT. The quality of the intimate relationships of male Vietnam veterans: problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 1998;11(1):87-101.
[21]Martens L, Addigton J. The psychological wellbeing of family members of individuals with schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2001;36(3):128-33.
[22]Al-Turkait FA, Ohaeri JU. Post-traumatic stress disorder among wives of Kuwaiti veterans of the first Gulf War. J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22(1):18-31.
[23]Renshaw KD, Rodrigues CS, Jones DH. Combat exposure, psychological symptoms, and marital satisfaction in National Guard soldiers who served in Operation Iraqi Freedom from 2005 to 2006. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2009;22(1):101-15.
[24]Moore D, McCabe GP. Introduction to the practice of statistics. 3rd ed. New York: Freeman; 1998.
[25]Nejat S, Montazeri A, Holakouie Naieni K, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh S. The World Health Organization quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. J School Pub Health Ins Pub Health Res. 2006;4(4):1-12. [Persian]
[26]Mazaheri MA, Sadeghi MS, Heidari M. Compare the perceptions and aspirations of young people and parents in the family structure. Family Res; 2008;4(16):329-51. [Persian]
[27]Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335-43.
[28]Taft CT, Schumm JA, Panuzio J, Proctor SP. An Examination of Family Adjustment among Operation Desert Storm Veterans. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008;76(4):648-56.
[29]King DW, Taft C, King LA, Hammond C, Stone ER. Directionality of the association between social support and posttraumatic stress disorder: A longitudinal investigation. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2006;36(12):2980-92.
[30]Landolt MA, Vollrath M, Laimbacher J, Gnehm HE, Sennhauser FH. Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder in parents of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44(7):682-9.
[31]Davidson AC, Mellor DJ. The adjustment of children of Australian Vietnam veterans: Is there evidence for the trans generational transmission of war-related trauma? Australian and New Zealand. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2001;35(3):345-51.
[32]Dejkam M, Aminoroaya A. Comparing the mental health spouses of psychiatric veterans referred to Sadr hospital with spouses of psychiatric patients referred to Imam Hussain (AS). Tehran: 1st Scientific Conference of Veterans and Their Families; 2003. [Persian]
[33]Cano A, Vivian D. Life stressors and husband-to-wife violence. Aggress Violent Behav. 2001;6(5):459-80.
[34]McCullough ME, Root LM. Cohen AD. Writing about the benefits of an interpersonal transgression facilitates forgiveness. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006;74(5):887-97
[35]Scharf M. Long-term effects of trauma: Psychosocial functioning of the second and third generation of Holocaust survivors. Dev Psychopathol. 2007;19(2):603-22.
[36]Mackey WC, Immerman RS. The presence of the social father inhibiting young men’s violence. Mankind Q. 2004;44(3-4):339-66.
[37]Afroz GhA, Vismeh AA. Study of the relationship between depression among survivors of patterns and relationships with parents. J Psychol. 2001;31(2):35-50. [Persian]
[38]Sayers SL, Farrow VA, Ross J, Oslin DW. Family problems among recently returned military veterans referred for a mental health evaluation. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(2):163-70.
[39]Vasterling JJ, Schumm J, Proctor SP, Gentry E, King DW, King LA. Posttraumatic stress disorder and health functioning in a non-treatment-seeking sample of Iraq war veterans: A prospective analysis. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2008;45(3):347-58.
[40]Young EA, Breslau N. Cortisol and catecholamines in posttraumatic stress disorder: an epidemiologic community study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(4):394-401.
[41]Tozande Jani HA. Comparison of selective processing of data on the threat in patients with released anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Knowledge Res Appl Psychol. 2008;10(35-36):15-32. [Persian]