@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2015;21(3):181-188
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2015;21(3):181-188
Response of Circulationg Levels of Interleukin-18 and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein to Endurance and Resistance Training in Inactive Lean Men
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Moradi F. (*)(*) Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Human Sciences Faculty, Saghez Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saghez, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Saghez Branch, Islamic Azad University, University Town, Saghez, IranPhone: +988736305049
Fax: +988736305049
moradi_fatah@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: March 21, 2015Accepted: June 24, 2015
ePublished: September 20, 2015
ABSTRACT
Aims
Physical exercise has anti-inflammatory effects. Interleukin-18 is an inflammatory cytokine and C-reactive protein is an acute phase protein. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of circulating levels of Interleukin-18 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to endurance and resistance training in inactive lean men.
Materials & Methods In a semi-expetrimental trial study in 2011 in Boukan and Saghez Cities, Iran, 28 sedentary lean men were purposefully chosen and randomly placed at 3 groups; endurance training, resistance training and control. Height, weight, body mass index, body fat percent, maximal oxygen consumption, serum levels of Interleukin-18, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (after12h fasting) were assessed prior to and after the training. Endurance training and resistance training were accomplished for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey ad hoc tests.
Findings Serum levels of Interleukin-18 (p=0.098) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p=0.11) were similar in three groups before the training. Also, no significant differences were observed in serum levels of Interleukin-18 (p=0.159) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p=0.19) among the groups after the training.
Conclusion The circulating levels of Interleukin-18 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein do not change following 12 weeks of endurance and resistance training in inactive lean men.
Materials & Methods In a semi-expetrimental trial study in 2011 in Boukan and Saghez Cities, Iran, 28 sedentary lean men were purposefully chosen and randomly placed at 3 groups; endurance training, resistance training and control. Height, weight, body mass index, body fat percent, maximal oxygen consumption, serum levels of Interleukin-18, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (after12h fasting) were assessed prior to and after the training. Endurance training and resistance training were accomplished for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey ad hoc tests.
Findings Serum levels of Interleukin-18 (p=0.098) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p=0.11) were similar in three groups before the training. Also, no significant differences were observed in serum levels of Interleukin-18 (p=0.159) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p=0.19) among the groups after the training.
Conclusion The circulating levels of Interleukin-18 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein do not change following 12 weeks of endurance and resistance training in inactive lean men.
CITATION LINKS
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[18]Talebi-Garakani E, Safarzade A. Resistance training decreases serum inflammatory markers in diabetic rats. Endocrine. 2012;43(3):564-70.
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[23]Church TS, Earnest CP, Thompson AM, Priest E, Rodarte RQ, Sanders T, et al. Exercise without weight loss does not reduce C-Reactive protein: The INFLAME study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(4):708-16.
[24]Donges CE, Duffield R, Drinkwater EJ. Effects of resistance or aerobic exercise training on interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and body composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(2):304-13.
[25]Rawson ES, Freedson PS, Osganian SK, Matthews CE, Reed G, Ockene IS. Body mass index, but not physical activity, is associated with C-reactive protein. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(7):1160-6.
[26]Subramanian SV, Perkins JM, Khan KT. Do burdens of underweight and overweight coexist among lower socioeconomic groups in India?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(2):369-76.
[27]Hu FB, Willett WC, Li T, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Manson JE. Adiposity as compared with physical activity in predicting mortality among women. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2694-703.
[28]O'Donovan G, Owen A, Kearney EM, Jones DW, Nevill AM, Woolf-May K, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in habitual exercisers, lean sedentary men and abdominally obese sedentary men. Int J Obes. 2005;29(9):1063-9.
[29]Maud PJ, Foster C. Physiological assessment of human fitness. 2nd edition. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics; 2005. pp. 185-90.
[30]Kanaley JA, Fenicchia LM, Miller CS, Ploutz-Synder LL, Weinstock RS, Carhart R, et al. Resting leptin responses to acute and chronic resistance training in type 2 diabetic men and women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25(10):1474-80.
[31]Rahmani-nia F, Rahnama N, Hojjati Z, Soltani B. Acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on serum leptin and risk factors for coronary heart disease in obese females. Sport Sci Health. 2008;2(3):118-24.
[32]Jackson AS, Pollock ML. Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. Br J Nutr. 1978;40(3):497-504.
[33]Siri WE. Body composition from fluid spaces and density: Analysis of methods. 1961. Nutrition. 1993;9(5):480-91.
[34]Maddah M, Jazayery A, Mirdamadi R, Eshraghiyan MR, Jalali M. Sex hormones, leptin and anthropometric indices in men. J Reprod Infertil. 2001;2(2):4-13. [Persian]
[35]Leick L, Lindegaard B, Stensvold D, Plomgaard P, Saltin B, Pilegaard H. Adipose tissue interleukin-18 mRNA and plasma interleukin-18: effect of obesity and exercise. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15(2):356-63.
[36]Oda K, Miyatake N, Sakano N, Saito T, Miyachi M, Tabata I, et al. Serum interleukin-18 levels are associated with physical activity in Japanese men. Plos ONE. 2013;8(12):e81497.
[37]Neumayr G, Ludwiczek O, Hoertnagl H, Pfister R, Mitterbauer G, Moschen A, et al. The impact of prolonged strenuous endurance exercise on interleukin 18 and interleukin 18 binding protein in recreational cyclists. Int J Sports Med. 2005;26(10):836-40.
[38]Swift DL, Johannsen NM, Earnest CP, Blair SN, Church TS. Effect of exercise training modality on C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(6):1028-34.
[39]Kamal NN, Ragy MM. The effects of exercise on C-reactive protein, insulin, leptin and some cardiometabolic risk factors in Egyptian children with or without metabolic syndrome. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2012;4(1):27.
[40]Amani Shalamzari S, Agha Alinejad H, Gharakhanlou R, Molanouri Shamsi M, Talebi Badrabadi K. The effect of body composition and physical activity on basal levels of insulin, glucose, IL-18, IL-6 and CRP and their relationship with insulin resistance. Ir J Endocrinol Metab. 2009;11(6):699-706. [Persian]
[2]Brandt C, Pedersen BK. The role of exercise-induced myokines inmuscle homeostasis and the defense against chronic diseases. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:1-6.
[3]Esposito K, Pontillo A, Ciotola M, Di Palo C, Grella E, Nicoletti G, Giugliano D. Weight loss reduces interleukin-18 levels in obese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(8):3864-6.
[4]Blankenberg S, Tiret L, Bickel C, Peetz D, Cambien F, Meyer J, et al. Interleukin-18 is a strong predictor of cardiovascular death in stable and unstable angina. Circulation. 2002;106(1):24-30.
[5]Oikawa Y, Shimada A, Kasuga A, Morimoto J, Osaki T, Tahara H, et al. Systemic administration of IL-18 promotes diabetes development in young non-obese diabetic mice. J Immunol. 2003;171(11):5865-75.
[6]Fischer CP, Perstrup LB, Berntsen A, Eskildsen P, Pedersen BK. Elevated plasma interleukin-18 is a marker of insulin-resistance in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic humans. Clin Immunol. 2005;117(2):152-60.
[7]Okamura H, Tsutsui H, Kashiwamura S, Yoshimoto T, Nakanishi K. Interleukin-18: A novel cytokine that augments both innate and acquired immunity. Adv Immunol. 1998;70:281-312.
[8]Mallat Z, Corbaz A, Scoazec A, Besnard S, Leseche G, Chvatchko Y, et al. Expression of IL-18 in human atherosclerotic plaques and relation to plaque instability. Circulation. 2001;104(14):1598-603.
[9]Esposito K, Nappo F, Marfella R, Giugliano G, Giugliano F, Ciotola M, et al. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: Role of oxidative stress. Circulation. 2002;106(16):2067-72.
[10]Tchernof A, Nolan A, Sites CK, Ades PA, Poehlman ET. Weight loss reduces C-reactive protein levels in obese postmenopausal women. Circulation. 2002;105(5):564-9.
[11]Bruun JM, Stallknecht B, Helge JW, Richelsen B. Interleukin-18 in plasma and adipose tissue: Effects of obesity, insulin resistance, and weight loss. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;157(4):465-71.
[12]Esposito K, Nappo F, Giugliano F, Di Palo C, Ciotola M, Barbieri M, et al. Cytokine milieu tends toward inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Am Diabetes Assoc. 2003;26(5):1636-60.
[13]Okamura H, Tsutsui H, Komatsu T, Yutsudo M, Hakura A, Tanimoto T, et al. Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-gamma production by T cells. Nature. 1995;378(6552):88-9.
[14]Mora S, Cook N, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Lee IM. Physical activity and reduced risk of cardiovascular events: Potential mediating mechanisms. Circulation. 2007;116(19):2110-8.
[15]Kasapis C, Thompson PD. The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers: A systematic review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(10):1563-9.
[16]Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Effects of aerobic exercise on C-reactive protein, body composition, and maximum oxygen consumption in adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism. 2006;55(11):1500-7.
[17]Sheikholeslami Vatani D, Ahmadi S, Ahmadi Dehrashid K, Gharibi F. Changes in cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory markers of young, healthy, men after six weeks of moderate or high intensity resistance training. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2011;51(4):695-700.
[18]Talebi-Garakani E, Safarzade A. Resistance training decreases serum inflammatory markers in diabetic rats. Endocrine. 2012;43(3):564-70.
[19]Stensvold D, Slørdahl SA, Wisløff U. Effect of exercise training on inflammation status among people with metabolic syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2012;10(4):267-72.
[20]Kohut ML, McCann DA, Russell DW, Konopka DN, Cunnick JE, Franke WD, et al. Aerobic exercise, but not flexibility/resistance exercise, reduces serum IL-18, CRP, and IL-6 independent of beta-blockers, BMI, and psychosocial factors in older adults. Brain Behav Immun. 2006;20(3):201-9.
[21]Christiansen T, Paulsen SK, Bruun JM, Pedersen SB, and Richelsen B. Exercise training versus diet-induced weight-loss on metabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers in obese subjects: a 12-week randomized intervention study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010;298(4):E824-31.
[22]Kadoglou NP, Iliadis F, Angelopoulou N, Perrea D, Ampatzidis G, Liapis CD, et al. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2007;14(6):837-43.
[23]Church TS, Earnest CP, Thompson AM, Priest E, Rodarte RQ, Sanders T, et al. Exercise without weight loss does not reduce C-Reactive protein: The INFLAME study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(4):708-16.
[24]Donges CE, Duffield R, Drinkwater EJ. Effects of resistance or aerobic exercise training on interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and body composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(2):304-13.
[25]Rawson ES, Freedson PS, Osganian SK, Matthews CE, Reed G, Ockene IS. Body mass index, but not physical activity, is associated with C-reactive protein. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(7):1160-6.
[26]Subramanian SV, Perkins JM, Khan KT. Do burdens of underweight and overweight coexist among lower socioeconomic groups in India?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(2):369-76.
[27]Hu FB, Willett WC, Li T, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Manson JE. Adiposity as compared with physical activity in predicting mortality among women. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2694-703.
[28]O'Donovan G, Owen A, Kearney EM, Jones DW, Nevill AM, Woolf-May K, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in habitual exercisers, lean sedentary men and abdominally obese sedentary men. Int J Obes. 2005;29(9):1063-9.
[29]Maud PJ, Foster C. Physiological assessment of human fitness. 2nd edition. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics; 2005. pp. 185-90.
[30]Kanaley JA, Fenicchia LM, Miller CS, Ploutz-Synder LL, Weinstock RS, Carhart R, et al. Resting leptin responses to acute and chronic resistance training in type 2 diabetic men and women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25(10):1474-80.
[31]Rahmani-nia F, Rahnama N, Hojjati Z, Soltani B. Acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on serum leptin and risk factors for coronary heart disease in obese females. Sport Sci Health. 2008;2(3):118-24.
[32]Jackson AS, Pollock ML. Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. Br J Nutr. 1978;40(3):497-504.
[33]Siri WE. Body composition from fluid spaces and density: Analysis of methods. 1961. Nutrition. 1993;9(5):480-91.
[34]Maddah M, Jazayery A, Mirdamadi R, Eshraghiyan MR, Jalali M. Sex hormones, leptin and anthropometric indices in men. J Reprod Infertil. 2001;2(2):4-13. [Persian]
[35]Leick L, Lindegaard B, Stensvold D, Plomgaard P, Saltin B, Pilegaard H. Adipose tissue interleukin-18 mRNA and plasma interleukin-18: effect of obesity and exercise. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15(2):356-63.
[36]Oda K, Miyatake N, Sakano N, Saito T, Miyachi M, Tabata I, et al. Serum interleukin-18 levels are associated with physical activity in Japanese men. Plos ONE. 2013;8(12):e81497.
[37]Neumayr G, Ludwiczek O, Hoertnagl H, Pfister R, Mitterbauer G, Moschen A, et al. The impact of prolonged strenuous endurance exercise on interleukin 18 and interleukin 18 binding protein in recreational cyclists. Int J Sports Med. 2005;26(10):836-40.
[38]Swift DL, Johannsen NM, Earnest CP, Blair SN, Church TS. Effect of exercise training modality on C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(6):1028-34.
[39]Kamal NN, Ragy MM. The effects of exercise on C-reactive protein, insulin, leptin and some cardiometabolic risk factors in Egyptian children with or without metabolic syndrome. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2012;4(1):27.
[40]Amani Shalamzari S, Agha Alinejad H, Gharakhanlou R, Molanouri Shamsi M, Talebi Badrabadi K. The effect of body composition and physical activity on basal levels of insulin, glucose, IL-18, IL-6 and CRP and their relationship with insulin resistance. Ir J Endocrinol Metab. 2009;11(6):699-706. [Persian]