@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2019;6(1):17-23
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2019;6(1):17-23
Determinants of Physical Activity Behaviors among People Aged 30 to 50 Years: An Application of the Trans-Theoretical Model
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Jalali S. (1)Roozbahani N. (*1)
Shamsi M. (1)
(1) Health Education & Promotion Department, Health Faculty, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Health Faculty, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Al Ghadir Building, Arak, Golestan Alley, Mustafa Khomeini Township, Arak, Iran. Postal Code: 3818146851Phone: +98 (86) 33686443
Fax: +98 (86) 33686443
roozbahani@arakmu.ac.ir
Article History
Received: June 30, 2018Accepted: November 24, 2018
ePublished: March 19, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
Low mobility is the 4th common cause of human death. The Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) is a health behavior change theory that describes the process of how people change their behavior. This study was conucted with the aim of investigating the determinants of Physical Activity (PA) behavior based on the TTM in 30-50-year-old individuals.
Materials & Methods In this cross sectional descriptive-analytical study, 240 individuals aged 30-50 years old in Delijan, Iran were randomly selected based on family case records in comprehensive health centers. The data were collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire, which consisted of demographic information and questions related to the TTM structure. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software, using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.
Findings 78.3% of the participants were in tht stages of pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation of PA. The stages of change were the best predictor of PA (p<0.001; β=0.45), which could explain 29% of variance of PA. Also, self-efficacy (p<0.001; β=0.51) and change processes (p<0.001; β=0.26) predicted the stages of changes in PA and could explain 32% of variance of stages of changes in PA.
Conclusion The stages of change, considering self-efficacy and change processes, are predictors of PA behaviors.
Materials & Methods In this cross sectional descriptive-analytical study, 240 individuals aged 30-50 years old in Delijan, Iran were randomly selected based on family case records in comprehensive health centers. The data were collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire, which consisted of demographic information and questions related to the TTM structure. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software, using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.
Findings 78.3% of the participants were in tht stages of pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation of PA. The stages of change were the best predictor of PA (p<0.001; β=0.45), which could explain 29% of variance of PA. Also, self-efficacy (p<0.001; β=0.51) and change processes (p<0.001; β=0.26) predicted the stages of changes in PA and could explain 32% of variance of stages of changes in PA.
Conclusion The stages of change, considering self-efficacy and change processes, are predictors of PA behaviors.
CITATION LINKS
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[19] Tavakoli R, Sanaeinasab H, Karimi A, Noparast M. Physical activity and factors influencing it among the personnel of a military center in Iran. J Res Health. 2012;2(2):172-80. [Persian]
[20]Mannocci A, Masala D, Mei D, Tribuzio A, Villari P, LA Torre G. International physical activity questionnaire for adolescents (IPAQ A): reliability of an Italian version. Minerva Pediatr. 2018.
[21]Vafaei Njar A, Vahedian Shahroudi M, Dogounchi M, Dogounchi A. The effectiveness of physical activity training on emotional exhaustion of employees in city of Agh Ghala-2013. Pajouhan Sci J. 2017;15(2):20-6. [Persian]
[22]Marcus BH, Rossi JS, Selby VC, Niaura RS, Abrams DB. The stages and processes of exercise adoption and maintenance in a worksite sample. Health Psychol. 1992;11(6):386-95.
[23]Bandura A. Self-efficacy conception of anxiety. Anxiety Res. 1988;1(2):77-98.
[24]Parhizgar Z, Mohammadi M, Hashmian M, Rakhshani MH. Evaluation of physical activity of patients with prediabetes based on the transtheoretical model in Sabzevar, Iran in 2015. J Diabetes Nurs. 2016;4(3):73-82. [Persian]
[25]Moodi M, Sharifzadeh Gh, Rakhshani Zabol F. Effectiveness of an educational program based on the transtheoretical model to increase use of the processes of change for physical activity among the employees of Birjand universities. J Health Res Community. 2017;3(1):9-19. [Persian]
[26]Ataee M, Zinat Motlagh F, Aghaei A, Mohammadi MR, Mahboubi M, Ahmadi Jouybari T, et al. Understanding physical activity behavior among Iranian type 2 diabetes patients: a test of the trans theoretical model. change. J Biol Today's World. 2014;3(3):53-6.
[27] Heydari H, Baharvand F, Mohebi S, Pournia Y, Tabaraie Y, Kamran A. Predictive power of the trans-theoretical model of physical activity in patients with type-2 diabetes. Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci. 2014;3(3):141-51.
[28]Hui SS, Hui GP, Xie YJ. Association between physical activity knowledge and levels of physical activity in chinese adults with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e115098.
[29]Daniali SS, Azadbakht L, Mostafavi Darani F. The relationship between body image, self-efficacy and physical activity in female employees of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and University of Isfahan, Iran. J Health Syst Res. 2013;8(6):991-1001. [Persian]
[30]Garber CE, Allsworth JE, Marcus BH, Hesser J, Lapane KL. Correlates of the stages of change for physical activity in a population survey. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(5):897-904.
[31]Kruger J, Yore M, Kohl HW. Leisure-time physical activity patterns by weight control status: 1999-2002 Nhanes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(5):788-95.
[32]Qiu S-h, Sun Z-l, Cai X, Liu L, Yang B. Improving patients' adherence to physical activity in diabetes mellitus: a review. Diabetes Metab J. 2012;36(1):1-5.
[33]Parhoodeh Y, Khezeli M, Abbasgholizadeh N. Application of Trans-Theoretical Model in identification of physical activity behavior determinants in university students of Gilan Gharb. J Health. 2015;6(3):281-90. [Persian]
[34]Keshavarz Mohammadian S, Farmanbar R, Mohtasham Amiri Z, Atrkar Roushan Z. Factors associated with physical activity based on the stages of change model among health volunteers in Rasht. J Health Educ Health Promot. 2015;3(3):253-65. [Persian]
[35]Abdi J, Eftekhar H, Mahmoodi M, Shojaeizadeh D, Sadeghi R. Lifestyle of employees working in Hamadan departments: an application of the trans-theoretical model. J Educ Community Health. 2014;1(1):46-54. [Persian]
[36]Moodi M, Sharifzadeh Gh, Rakhshani Zabol F. Factors affecting physical activity behavior based on. Transtheoretical Model in the employees of Birjand universitiesin 2014. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2014;21(3):352-61. [Persian]
[37] Kirk A, MacMillan F, Webster N. Application of the transtheoretical model to physical activity in older adults with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2010;11(4):320-4.
[38]Spencer L, Adams TB, Malone S, Roy L, Yost E. Applying the transtheoretical model to exercise: a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature. Health Promot Pract. 2006;7(4):428-43.
[39] Heydari H, Sharifi Rad Gh, Kamran A. Assessment of physical activity status in patients with type 2 diabetes based on Tran-Theoretical model. J Health Syst Res. 2014;10(3):429-41. [Persian]
[40] Guicciardi M, Lecis R, Anziani C, Corgiolu L, Porru A, Pusceddu M, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity, exercise self-efficacy, and body satisfaction. An application of the transtheoretical model in older adults. Health Psychol Behav Med. 2014;2(1):748-58.
[2]Larson‐Meyer DE. Effect of postpartum exercise on mothers and their offspring: a review of the literature. Obes Res. 2002;10(8):841-53.
[3]Friedenreich CM, MacLaughlin S, Neilson HK, Stanczyk FZ, Yasui Y, Duha A, et al. Study design and methods for the Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta (BETA). BMC cancer. 2014;14(1):919.
[4]Connelly J, Kirk A, Masthoff J, MacRury S. The use of technology to promote physical activity in Type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review. Diabet Med. 2013;30(12):1420-32.
[5]Porebska M, Mazurek W. The influence of physical training on endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2014;23(5):743-8.
[6] Becker A, Herzberg D, Marsden N, Thomanek S, Jung H, Leonhardt C. A new computer-based counselling system for the promotion of physical activity in patients with chronic diseases--results from a pilot study. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;83(2):195-202.
[7]Skaal L, Pengpid S. The predictive validity and effects of using the transtheoretical model to increase the physical activity of healthcare workers in a public hospital in South Africa. Transl Behav Med. 2012;2(4):384-91.
[8] Sheikholeslam R, Mohamad A, Mohammad K, Vaseghi S. Non communicable disease risk factors in Iran. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(suppl):S100.
[9]Lynch L, Happell B. Implementation of clinical supervision in action: Part 2: Implementation and beyond. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2008;17(1):65-72.
[10]Mori K, Suzuki H, Wang DH, Takaki J, Takigawa T, Ogino K. Relationship of psychological factors with physical activity stage of change in prime-and middle-aged Japanese. Acta Med Okayama. 2009;63(2):97-104.
[11]Cragg L, Davies M, Macdowall W, editors. Health promotion theory. 2nd Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2013.
[12]Haakstad LAH, Voldner N, Bø K. Stages of change model for participation in physical activity during pregnancy. J Pregnancy. 2013;2013:1-7.
[13]Sharma M, Romas JA. Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. 2nd Edition. London: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2011.
[14]Molaison EF, Yadrick MK. Stages of change and fluid intake in dialysis patients. Patient Educ Couns. 2003;49(1):5-12.
[15]Schiavo R. Health communication: from theory to practice. 2nd Edition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2013.
[16]Saffari M, Shojaeizadeh D, Ghofranipour F, Heydarnia A, Pakpour A. Health education & promotion-theories, models & methods. Tehran: Sobhan Publication; 2009. [Persian]
[17]Marcus BH, Rakowski W, Rossi JS. Assessing motivational readiness and decision making for exercise. Health Psychol. 1992;11(4):257-61.
[18]Hashemi SZ, Rakhshani F, Navidian A, Mousavi SR. Effectiveness of educational program based on Trans-Theoretical model on rate of physical activity among household women in Zahedan, Iran. J Health Syst Res. 2013;9(2): 144-52. [Persian]
[19] Tavakoli R, Sanaeinasab H, Karimi A, Noparast M. Physical activity and factors influencing it among the personnel of a military center in Iran. J Res Health. 2012;2(2):172-80. [Persian]
[20]Mannocci A, Masala D, Mei D, Tribuzio A, Villari P, LA Torre G. International physical activity questionnaire for adolescents (IPAQ A): reliability of an Italian version. Minerva Pediatr. 2018.
[21]Vafaei Njar A, Vahedian Shahroudi M, Dogounchi M, Dogounchi A. The effectiveness of physical activity training on emotional exhaustion of employees in city of Agh Ghala-2013. Pajouhan Sci J. 2017;15(2):20-6. [Persian]
[22]Marcus BH, Rossi JS, Selby VC, Niaura RS, Abrams DB. The stages and processes of exercise adoption and maintenance in a worksite sample. Health Psychol. 1992;11(6):386-95.
[23]Bandura A. Self-efficacy conception of anxiety. Anxiety Res. 1988;1(2):77-98.
[24]Parhizgar Z, Mohammadi M, Hashmian M, Rakhshani MH. Evaluation of physical activity of patients with prediabetes based on the transtheoretical model in Sabzevar, Iran in 2015. J Diabetes Nurs. 2016;4(3):73-82. [Persian]
[25]Moodi M, Sharifzadeh Gh, Rakhshani Zabol F. Effectiveness of an educational program based on the transtheoretical model to increase use of the processes of change for physical activity among the employees of Birjand universities. J Health Res Community. 2017;3(1):9-19. [Persian]
[26]Ataee M, Zinat Motlagh F, Aghaei A, Mohammadi MR, Mahboubi M, Ahmadi Jouybari T, et al. Understanding physical activity behavior among Iranian type 2 diabetes patients: a test of the trans theoretical model. change. J Biol Today's World. 2014;3(3):53-6.
[27] Heydari H, Baharvand F, Mohebi S, Pournia Y, Tabaraie Y, Kamran A. Predictive power of the trans-theoretical model of physical activity in patients with type-2 diabetes. Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci. 2014;3(3):141-51.
[28]Hui SS, Hui GP, Xie YJ. Association between physical activity knowledge and levels of physical activity in chinese adults with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e115098.
[29]Daniali SS, Azadbakht L, Mostafavi Darani F. The relationship between body image, self-efficacy and physical activity in female employees of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and University of Isfahan, Iran. J Health Syst Res. 2013;8(6):991-1001. [Persian]
[30]Garber CE, Allsworth JE, Marcus BH, Hesser J, Lapane KL. Correlates of the stages of change for physical activity in a population survey. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(5):897-904.
[31]Kruger J, Yore M, Kohl HW. Leisure-time physical activity patterns by weight control status: 1999-2002 Nhanes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(5):788-95.
[32]Qiu S-h, Sun Z-l, Cai X, Liu L, Yang B. Improving patients' adherence to physical activity in diabetes mellitus: a review. Diabetes Metab J. 2012;36(1):1-5.
[33]Parhoodeh Y, Khezeli M, Abbasgholizadeh N. Application of Trans-Theoretical Model in identification of physical activity behavior determinants in university students of Gilan Gharb. J Health. 2015;6(3):281-90. [Persian]
[34]Keshavarz Mohammadian S, Farmanbar R, Mohtasham Amiri Z, Atrkar Roushan Z. Factors associated with physical activity based on the stages of change model among health volunteers in Rasht. J Health Educ Health Promot. 2015;3(3):253-65. [Persian]
[35]Abdi J, Eftekhar H, Mahmoodi M, Shojaeizadeh D, Sadeghi R. Lifestyle of employees working in Hamadan departments: an application of the trans-theoretical model. J Educ Community Health. 2014;1(1):46-54. [Persian]
[36]Moodi M, Sharifzadeh Gh, Rakhshani Zabol F. Factors affecting physical activity behavior based on. Transtheoretical Model in the employees of Birjand universitiesin 2014. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2014;21(3):352-61. [Persian]
[37] Kirk A, MacMillan F, Webster N. Application of the transtheoretical model to physical activity in older adults with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2010;11(4):320-4.
[38]Spencer L, Adams TB, Malone S, Roy L, Yost E. Applying the transtheoretical model to exercise: a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature. Health Promot Pract. 2006;7(4):428-43.
[39] Heydari H, Sharifi Rad Gh, Kamran A. Assessment of physical activity status in patients with type 2 diabetes based on Tran-Theoretical model. J Health Syst Res. 2014;10(3):429-41. [Persian]
[40] Guicciardi M, Lecis R, Anziani C, Corgiolu L, Porru A, Pusceddu M, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity, exercise self-efficacy, and body satisfaction. An application of the transtheoretical model in older adults. Health Psychol Behav Med. 2014;2(1):748-58.