@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2322-2166 Islamic Life Style Centered on Health 2018;2(1):5-12
ISSN: 2322-2166 Islamic Life Style Centered on Health 2018;2(1):5-12
Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy with Emphasis on Islamic-Based Spiritual Beliefs on Increasing the Spirituality and Mental Health of Multiple Sclerosis Patients; a Case Study of Markazi Province, Iran
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Rezaei J. (*)(*) Counseling & Mental Health Department, Nursing Faculty, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Counseling & Mental Health Department, Ground Floor, Faculty of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Sardasht, Arak, IranPhone: +98 (86) 34173514
Fax: +98 (86) 34173542
j.rezaei87@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: August 3, 2017Accepted: November 16, 2017
ePublished: July 18, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
Regarding the effect of attitudinal and Cognitive-behavioral Therapies (CBT) on increasing the mental health of chronic patients and the effect of religious and spiritual coping methods on decreasing the perceived pain and chronic diseases as well as considering the existence of the field of Islamic discussions and their role and place in the culture of Iranian society, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy with emphasis on Islam-based spiritual beliefs in increasing spirituality and mental health of patients with MS.
Materials & Methods In this applied semi-experimental research with a pre-test post-test design, in 2016, 40 patients with MS (recurrence and regression) aged 35 to 50 years were selected voluntarily by random sampling method; they were randomly assigned to control (20 subjects) and experimental (20 subjects) groups. To collect the data, the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) and the Mental Health Assessment Scale for patients with MS were used. The experimental group was under the cognitive-behavioral group therapy with emphasis on Islam-based spiritual beliefs for 15 sessions, each taking 2 hours, in a weekly basis. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17, using Independent sample t-test.
Findings There was a significant difference between the mean daily spirituality scores and mental health in both experimental and control groups (p=0.001).
Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral group therapy with emphasis on Islam-based spiritual beliefs is effective in increasing spirituality and mental health of patients with MS in Markazi province, Iran.
Materials & Methods In this applied semi-experimental research with a pre-test post-test design, in 2016, 40 patients with MS (recurrence and regression) aged 35 to 50 years were selected voluntarily by random sampling method; they were randomly assigned to control (20 subjects) and experimental (20 subjects) groups. To collect the data, the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) and the Mental Health Assessment Scale for patients with MS were used. The experimental group was under the cognitive-behavioral group therapy with emphasis on Islam-based spiritual beliefs for 15 sessions, each taking 2 hours, in a weekly basis. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17, using Independent sample t-test.
Findings There was a significant difference between the mean daily spirituality scores and mental health in both experimental and control groups (p=0.001).
Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral group therapy with emphasis on Islam-based spiritual beliefs is effective in increasing spirituality and mental health of patients with MS in Markazi province, Iran.
Keywords:
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy,
Islamic-Based Beliefs,
Spirituality,
Mental Health,
Multiple Sclerosis,
CITATION LINKS
[1]Edlin G, Golanty E. Health and Wellness. Boston: Jones and Bartlet. 2004.
[2]Crumbie, Alison, Lawrence J. Living with a chronic condition. United Kingdom: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2002.
[3]Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2002;359(9313):1221-31.
[4] Rudick RA, Miller D, Clough JD, Gragg LA, Farmer RG. Quality of life in multiple sclerosis, Comparison with inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Neurol. 1992;49(12):1237-42.
[5]Moin M. Persian Dictionary. [5th Volume]. Tehran: Amirkabir; 1997.
[6]Prochaska JO, Norcross JC. Systems of psychotherapy: A transtheoretical analysis. Seyed Mohammadi SY, translator. Tehran: Roshd; 2002. [Persian]
[7]Frankl VE. Man’s search for meaning. Lahooti A, translator. Tehran: Jami; 2015. [Persian]
[8]William W. Psychotherapy and spirituality: Crossing the line between therapy and religion. Shahidi Sh, Shirafakan SA, translators. Tehran: Roshd; 2004.
[9]Bagheri Yazdi SA, Bolhari J, Peyravi H. Mental health status of newly admitted students to Tehran university at 1994-1995 academic year. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 1995;1(4):30-9. [Persian]
[10]Hoddge DR. Spirituality towards a Theoretical framework. J Religion Soc Serv. 2000;19(4);1-20.
[11] Harper RA, Ellis A. A Guide to Rational living. 3rd edition. Los Angeles: Wilshire Book Company; 1975.
[12]Khalaji-Movahed A. Psychology in the Holy Quran, Psychological Notes of the Last Book of Heaven. Rasht: Mobin. 1962.
[13]Shafi Abadi A, Naseri Gh. Theories of counseling and psychotherapy. Tehran: Iran University Press; 2015.
[14]Khodabakhsh Pirkani R, Rahim Jamaroni H. Effectiveness of mixed cognitive-behaviorial therapy and mindfulness based stressreduction in treating a case of generalized anxiety disorder. Clin Psychol Stud. 2014;4(13):121-47.
[15]Fallot RD. Spirituality and religion in recovery: Some current issues. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2007;30(4):261-70.
[16]Mirchantman D. Spiritual therapy to the rescue. Int J Spirit Therap. 2001;5:2-5.
[17]Huguelet P, Mohr S, Betrisey C, Borras L, Gillieron C, Marie AM, et al. A randomized trial of spiritual assessment of outpatients with schizophrenia: Patients' and clinicians' experience. Psychiatr Serv. 2011;62(1):79-86.
[18] Motahari M. Introduction to the monotheistic worldview. Qom: Sadra Publication; 1978.
[19]Namooran Garmi K, Zahrarkar K, Maleki Avarsin S. The effect of group therapy on self-esteem of female students of dormitories in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Educ Sci. 2008;1(3):141-62. [Persian]
[20]doulabi MA. Mesbah Al-hoda. Tayeb M, editor. Tehran: Safineh Publication; 2003.
[21]Schreiber JA. Image of God: Effect on coping and psycho-spiritual outcomes in early breast cancer survivor. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2011;38(3):293-301.
[22]Peteet, JR. Spiritually integrated treatment of depression: A conceptual framework. Depression Res Treat. 2012;(2012):1-6.
[23]Baqutayan, SMS. Managing anxiety among breast cancer's patients. Indian J Psychol Med. 2012;34(2):119-23.
[24]Ghahari Sh, Fallah R, Bolhari J, Mousavi SM, Razaghi Z, Akbari ME. Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and spiritual-religious interventions on reducing anxiety and depression of women with breast cancer. J Appl Psychol. 2012;13(50):33-40.
[25]Bolhari J. Second national congress on the role of religion in mental health (2007 April 21-23): Abstract articles. Tehran: Aftab-Geraphic; 2007. pp. 44-50.
[26]Underwood LG, Teresi JA. the daily spiritual experience scale: Development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health-related data. Ann Behav Med. 2002;24(1):22-33.
[27]Taghavi SMR, Amiri H. Analyzing the psychometric properties of the daily spiritual experience scale (DSES). Islam Educ. 2010;5(10):151-67.
[28]Taghavi SMR, Amiri H. Analyzing the psychometric properties of the daily spiritual experience scale (DSES). Islam Educ. 2010;5(10):151-67.
[29]Fredrick Nichols K. Foundations of behavioral research. Pasha Sharifi, translator. 3rd edition. Tehran: Ava-ye Noor; 2011.
[30]Hill PC, Pargament KI. Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality, Implications for physical and mental health research. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):64-78.
[31]McMullen B. Spiritual Intelligence [Internet]. Studentbmj. c1992. [cited 2016 May]. Available from: http://student.bmj.com/student/view-article.html?id=sbmj030218.
[32]Albert E, MacLaren C. Rational emotive behavior theraphy: A therapist's guide. Firouz-Bakht M, translator. Tehran: Rasa; 2006.
[33]Zaadhoush S, Neshat-Doost HT, Kalantari M, RasoulZadeh Tabatabyi SK. comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy with religious recommendations and classical cognitive-behavioral group therapy on the quality of female marital communication. J Fam Res. 2011;7(25):55-68.
[34]Young C, Koopsen C. Spirituality, health and healing : An integrative approach. 1st. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2010.
[35]Livneh H, Lott Sh, Antonak R. Patterns of psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability: A cluster analytic approach. Psychol Health Med. 2004;9(4):411-30.
[36] Koenig HG, Mc Cullough ME, Larson DB. Handbook of religion and health. United Kingdom: Oxford University press. 2001.
[37]Revheim N, Greenberg WM, Citrome L. Spirituality, schizophrenia, and state hospitals: Program description and characteristics of self-selected attendees of a spirituality therapeutic group. Psychiatr Q. 2010;81(4):285-92.
[38]Khodayarifard M. Application of positive viewpoints in psychotherapy with emphasis on Islamic view. Q J psychol Educ. 2000;30(1):140-63.
[39] Lin HR, Bauer-Wu SM. Psycho-spiritual well-being in patients with advanced cancer: An integrative review of the literature. J Adv Nurs. 2003;44(1):69-80.
[40]Keshavarz A, Mehrabi HA. Psychological prediction of Life satisfaction. J Iran Psychol. 2009;6(22):159-68.
[41] Fenell DL. Characteristics of long-term first marriages. J Ment couns. 1993;15(4):445-60.
[42]Kim Y, Seidlitz L, Ro Y, Evinger J, Duberstein PR. Spirituality and affect: A function of changes in religious affiliation. Pers Individ Differ. 2004;37(4):861-70.
[43]Myers DG. The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. Am Psychol. 2000;55(1):56-67.
[44]Eriksson T. Spiritual therapy thems in a spiritually integrative personality theory. J Sci Direct Spir Ther. 1987;146:18-33.
[45]Nielson S. A Mormon rational emotive behavior therapist attempt Quranic rational emotive behavior therapy. J Am Psychother. 2010;14:1-4.
[46]Azhdari-Fard SP, Ghazi Gh, Noorani-Pour R. The Effect of Sufism Education and Spirituality on Student's Mental Health. J Modern Thoughts Educ. 2010;5(2):105-27.
[47]Raghibi M, Khosravi M. Comparing the cognitive function in multiple sclerosis patients. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2012;14(2):45-8. [Persian]
[48]Gordon EW, Song LD. Variations in the experience of resilience. In: Wang MC, Gordon EW. Educational resilience in inner-city America: Challenges and prospects. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1994.
[2]Crumbie, Alison, Lawrence J. Living with a chronic condition. United Kingdom: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2002.
[3]Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2002;359(9313):1221-31.
[4] Rudick RA, Miller D, Clough JD, Gragg LA, Farmer RG. Quality of life in multiple sclerosis, Comparison with inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Neurol. 1992;49(12):1237-42.
[5]Moin M. Persian Dictionary. [5th Volume]. Tehran: Amirkabir; 1997.
[6]Prochaska JO, Norcross JC. Systems of psychotherapy: A transtheoretical analysis. Seyed Mohammadi SY, translator. Tehran: Roshd; 2002. [Persian]
[7]Frankl VE. Man’s search for meaning. Lahooti A, translator. Tehran: Jami; 2015. [Persian]
[8]William W. Psychotherapy and spirituality: Crossing the line between therapy and religion. Shahidi Sh, Shirafakan SA, translators. Tehran: Roshd; 2004.
[9]Bagheri Yazdi SA, Bolhari J, Peyravi H. Mental health status of newly admitted students to Tehran university at 1994-1995 academic year. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 1995;1(4):30-9. [Persian]
[10]Hoddge DR. Spirituality towards a Theoretical framework. J Religion Soc Serv. 2000;19(4);1-20.
[11] Harper RA, Ellis A. A Guide to Rational living. 3rd edition. Los Angeles: Wilshire Book Company; 1975.
[12]Khalaji-Movahed A. Psychology in the Holy Quran, Psychological Notes of the Last Book of Heaven. Rasht: Mobin. 1962.
[13]Shafi Abadi A, Naseri Gh. Theories of counseling and psychotherapy. Tehran: Iran University Press; 2015.
[14]Khodabakhsh Pirkani R, Rahim Jamaroni H. Effectiveness of mixed cognitive-behaviorial therapy and mindfulness based stressreduction in treating a case of generalized anxiety disorder. Clin Psychol Stud. 2014;4(13):121-47.
[15]Fallot RD. Spirituality and religion in recovery: Some current issues. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2007;30(4):261-70.
[16]Mirchantman D. Spiritual therapy to the rescue. Int J Spirit Therap. 2001;5:2-5.
[17]Huguelet P, Mohr S, Betrisey C, Borras L, Gillieron C, Marie AM, et al. A randomized trial of spiritual assessment of outpatients with schizophrenia: Patients' and clinicians' experience. Psychiatr Serv. 2011;62(1):79-86.
[18] Motahari M. Introduction to the monotheistic worldview. Qom: Sadra Publication; 1978.
[19]Namooran Garmi K, Zahrarkar K, Maleki Avarsin S. The effect of group therapy on self-esteem of female students of dormitories in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Educ Sci. 2008;1(3):141-62. [Persian]
[20]doulabi MA. Mesbah Al-hoda. Tayeb M, editor. Tehran: Safineh Publication; 2003.
[21]Schreiber JA. Image of God: Effect on coping and psycho-spiritual outcomes in early breast cancer survivor. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2011;38(3):293-301.
[22]Peteet, JR. Spiritually integrated treatment of depression: A conceptual framework. Depression Res Treat. 2012;(2012):1-6.
[23]Baqutayan, SMS. Managing anxiety among breast cancer's patients. Indian J Psychol Med. 2012;34(2):119-23.
[24]Ghahari Sh, Fallah R, Bolhari J, Mousavi SM, Razaghi Z, Akbari ME. Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and spiritual-religious interventions on reducing anxiety and depression of women with breast cancer. J Appl Psychol. 2012;13(50):33-40.
[25]Bolhari J. Second national congress on the role of religion in mental health (2007 April 21-23): Abstract articles. Tehran: Aftab-Geraphic; 2007. pp. 44-50.
[26]Underwood LG, Teresi JA. the daily spiritual experience scale: Development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health-related data. Ann Behav Med. 2002;24(1):22-33.
[27]Taghavi SMR, Amiri H. Analyzing the psychometric properties of the daily spiritual experience scale (DSES). Islam Educ. 2010;5(10):151-67.
[28]Taghavi SMR, Amiri H. Analyzing the psychometric properties of the daily spiritual experience scale (DSES). Islam Educ. 2010;5(10):151-67.
[29]Fredrick Nichols K. Foundations of behavioral research. Pasha Sharifi, translator. 3rd edition. Tehran: Ava-ye Noor; 2011.
[30]Hill PC, Pargament KI. Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality, Implications for physical and mental health research. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):64-78.
[31]McMullen B. Spiritual Intelligence [Internet]. Studentbmj. c1992. [cited 2016 May]. Available from: http://student.bmj.com/student/view-article.html?id=sbmj030218.
[32]Albert E, MacLaren C. Rational emotive behavior theraphy: A therapist's guide. Firouz-Bakht M, translator. Tehran: Rasa; 2006.
[33]Zaadhoush S, Neshat-Doost HT, Kalantari M, RasoulZadeh Tabatabyi SK. comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy with religious recommendations and classical cognitive-behavioral group therapy on the quality of female marital communication. J Fam Res. 2011;7(25):55-68.
[34]Young C, Koopsen C. Spirituality, health and healing : An integrative approach. 1st. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2010.
[35]Livneh H, Lott Sh, Antonak R. Patterns of psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability: A cluster analytic approach. Psychol Health Med. 2004;9(4):411-30.
[36] Koenig HG, Mc Cullough ME, Larson DB. Handbook of religion and health. United Kingdom: Oxford University press. 2001.
[37]Revheim N, Greenberg WM, Citrome L. Spirituality, schizophrenia, and state hospitals: Program description and characteristics of self-selected attendees of a spirituality therapeutic group. Psychiatr Q. 2010;81(4):285-92.
[38]Khodayarifard M. Application of positive viewpoints in psychotherapy with emphasis on Islamic view. Q J psychol Educ. 2000;30(1):140-63.
[39] Lin HR, Bauer-Wu SM. Psycho-spiritual well-being in patients with advanced cancer: An integrative review of the literature. J Adv Nurs. 2003;44(1):69-80.
[40]Keshavarz A, Mehrabi HA. Psychological prediction of Life satisfaction. J Iran Psychol. 2009;6(22):159-68.
[41] Fenell DL. Characteristics of long-term first marriages. J Ment couns. 1993;15(4):445-60.
[42]Kim Y, Seidlitz L, Ro Y, Evinger J, Duberstein PR. Spirituality and affect: A function of changes in religious affiliation. Pers Individ Differ. 2004;37(4):861-70.
[43]Myers DG. The funds, friends, and faith of happy people. Am Psychol. 2000;55(1):56-67.
[44]Eriksson T. Spiritual therapy thems in a spiritually integrative personality theory. J Sci Direct Spir Ther. 1987;146:18-33.
[45]Nielson S. A Mormon rational emotive behavior therapist attempt Quranic rational emotive behavior therapy. J Am Psychother. 2010;14:1-4.
[46]Azhdari-Fard SP, Ghazi Gh, Noorani-Pour R. The Effect of Sufism Education and Spirituality on Student's Mental Health. J Modern Thoughts Educ. 2010;5(2):105-27.
[47]Raghibi M, Khosravi M. Comparing the cognitive function in multiple sclerosis patients. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2012;14(2):45-8. [Persian]
[48]Gordon EW, Song LD. Variations in the experience of resilience. In: Wang MC, Gordon EW. Educational resilience in inner-city America: Challenges and prospects. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1994.