@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(1):27-33
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(1):27-33
Effect of Aerobic Training and Pistacia atlantica Extract Consumption on Plasma Levels of Lipocalin-2 and Insulin Resistance Index in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Hosseini M. (*)Shemshaki A. (1)
Saghebjoo M. (2)
Gharari Arefi R. (2)
(*) Physical Education Department, Physical Education & Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Esfahan, Esfahan, Iran
(1) Physical Education Department, Physical Education & Sport Sciences Faculty, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Physical Education Department, Physical Education & Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Unit 3, No 24, Razavieh 11, Sajadshahr Street, South Khorasan, Birjand, Iran. Postal Code: 9716946178Phone: +985632416951
Fax: +985632202032
hoseyni_mahshid68@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: February 7, 2015Accepted: August 15, 2015
ePublished: December 15, 2015
ABSTRACT
Aims
Herbal medicines and their derivatives were considered for treatment of diabetes and its side effects, for a long time. On the other hand, aerobic training considered as an essential treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic training and Pistacia atlantica extract consuming on plasma levels of Lipocalin-2 and insulin resistance index in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats.
Materials & Methods In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; normal control, diabetic control, diabetic+training, diabetic+extract, and diabetic+training+extract. Diabetes was induced by Streptozotocin (40mg/kg) intrapritoneal injection. 6 weeks of aerobic training on treadmill was the training program (5 sessions per week, each session 40 minutes at a speed of 20 meters per minute and the slope 5 degrees). At the end of each training session, extract groups received Pistacia atlantica extract (25mg/kg), based on the body weight. After six weeks, plasma levels of insulin, glucose and Lipocalin-2 were determined. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS 19 software by one-away ANOVA and LSD as a post hoc test.
Findings No significant difference was observed, among the 5 groups in the Lipocalin-2 level (p=0.115), but the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), showed a significant difference among the 5 groups (p=0.025). The mean amount of HOMA-IR index in diabetes+training (p=0.025) and diabetes+training+extract consuming (p=0.017) groups in comparison to diabetic control group was significantly lower. There was no significant difference between HOMA-IR index in other diabetic groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion Aerobic training, alone and combined with Pistacia atlantica extract consumption, by reducing insulin resistance, improves the oxidation disturbance effects of diabetes.
Materials & Methods In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; normal control, diabetic control, diabetic+training, diabetic+extract, and diabetic+training+extract. Diabetes was induced by Streptozotocin (40mg/kg) intrapritoneal injection. 6 weeks of aerobic training on treadmill was the training program (5 sessions per week, each session 40 minutes at a speed of 20 meters per minute and the slope 5 degrees). At the end of each training session, extract groups received Pistacia atlantica extract (25mg/kg), based on the body weight. After six weeks, plasma levels of insulin, glucose and Lipocalin-2 were determined. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS 19 software by one-away ANOVA and LSD as a post hoc test.
Findings No significant difference was observed, among the 5 groups in the Lipocalin-2 level (p=0.115), but the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), showed a significant difference among the 5 groups (p=0.025). The mean amount of HOMA-IR index in diabetes+training (p=0.025) and diabetes+training+extract consuming (p=0.017) groups in comparison to diabetic control group was significantly lower. There was no significant difference between HOMA-IR index in other diabetic groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion Aerobic training, alone and combined with Pistacia atlantica extract consumption, by reducing insulin resistance, improves the oxidation disturbance effects of diabetes.
Keywords:
Exercise,
Lcn2 Protein, Rat ,
Insulin Resistance ,
Diabetes Mellitus ,
Plants, Medicinal ,
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Azizi Z, Mansoorpoor S, Sabzehvarifard A, Asaie S, Ranjbar Omrani Gh. Effect of Estradiol valerate on pancreatic beta cells resistance in diabetic female rats by streptozotocin. Iran South Med J. 2014;17(2):107-19. [Persian]
[3]Haghighat N, Vafa M, Eghtesadi S, Heidari I, Hoseini AF. The effects of Tocotrienolsenriched canola oil on glycemic control and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: A double blind randomized clinical trial. Razi J Med Sci. 2013;20(109):52-61. [Persian]
[4]Wang Y, Lam KS, Kraegen EW, Sweeney G, Zhang J, Tso AW, et al. Lipocalin-2 is an inflammatory marker closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia in humans. Clin Chem. 2007;53(1):34-41.
[5]Choi K, Kim T, Yoo H, Lee K, Cho G, Hwang T, et al. Effect of exercise training on A-FABP, lipocalin-2 and RBP4 levels in obese women. Clin Endocrinol. 2009;70(4):569-74.
[6]Scheer F, Chan J, Fargnoli J, Chamberland J, Arampatzi K, Shea S, et al. Day/night variations of high-molecular-weight adiponectin and lipocalin-2 in healthy men studied under fed and fasted conditions. Diabetologia. 2010;53(11):2401-5.
[7]Cowland JB, Sørensen OE, Sehested M, Borregaard N. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is up-regulated in human epithelial cells by IL-1β, but not by TNF-α. J Immunol. 2003;171(12):6630-9.
[8]Bahmani P, Halabian R, Masrouri N, Rouhbakhsh M, Ebrahimi M, Nourani M, et al. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 by lipocalin 2 mediated by NF-KB transcription factor. J Iran Anat Sci. 2009;1(27):33-44. [Persian]
[9]Mohammadi Karizno F, Saghebjoo M, Foadoddini M, Sarir H. The role of aerobic training and Pistacia atlantica extract on the levels of protein carbonyl, heat shock protein 70, and glycogen in the liver tissue of diabetic rats. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2014;21(1):35-47. [Persian]
[10]Farzanegi P, Mousavi M, Ghanbari-Niaki A. Effect of Pistacia atlantica extract on glutathione peroxidase tissue levels and total oxidative capacity of liver and plasma lipid profile of rats. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2013;15(11):59-63. [Persian]
[11]Peksel A, Arisan-Atac I, Yanardag R. Evaluation of antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of the extracts of Pistacia atlantica Desf. Leaves. J Food Biochem. 2010;34(3):451-76.
[12]Saber-Tehrani M, Givianrad MH, Aberoomand-Azar P, Waqif-Husain S, Jafari Mohammadi SA. Chemical composition of Iran's Pistacia atlantica cold-pressed oil. J Chem. 2013;(2013).
[13]Hatamnia AA, Abbaspour N, Darvishzadeh R. Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of different parts of Bene (Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica) fruits. Food Chem. 2014;145:306-11.
[14]Rashidlamir A, Alizadeh A, Ebrahimiatri A, Dastani M. The effect of four-week period of aerobic exercise with cinnamon consumption on lipoprotein indicates and blood sugar in diabetic female patients (type 2). J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2013;20(5):605-14. [Persian]
[15]Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B, Regensteiner JG, Blissmer BJ, Rubin RR, et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(12):e147-67.
[16]Richter EA, Hargreaves M. Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(3):993-1017.
[17]Bello AI, Owusu-Boakye E, Adegoke BO, Adjei DN. Effects of aerobic exercise on selected physiological parameters and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Gen Med. 2011;4:723-7.
[18]Yousefipoor P, Tadibi V, Behpoor N, Parnow A, Delbari M, Rashidi S. The effect of 8-week aerobic and concurrent (aerobic-resistance) exercise training on serum il-6 levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2013;21(5):619-31.
[19]Chis IC, Baltaru D, Maier M, Muresan A, Clichici S. Effects of quercetin and chronic (training) exercise on oxidative stress status in animals with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Bull UASVM Vet Med. 2013;70(1):31-9.
[20]Laghari AQ, Memon S, Nelofar A, Laghari AH. Extraction, identification and antioxidative properties of the flavonoid-rich fractions from leaves and flowers of Cassia angustifolia. Am J Anal Chem. 2011;2(8):871.
[21]Kim HJ, Park JY, Oh SL, Kim YA, So B, Seong JK, et al. Effect of treadmill exercise on interleukin-15 expression and glucose tolerance in zucker diabetic fatty rats. Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(5):358-64.
[22]Ghanbari Niaki A, Fathi R, Shahandeh F, Yazdani M, Hajizadeh A. The effect of endurance training and Pistacia atlantica (bene) extraction on resting plasma visfatin and lipids levels in female rats. Daneshvar Med. 2011;18(94):53-62. [Persian]
[23]Benhammou N, Bekkara FA, Panovska TK. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Pistacia lentiscus and Pistacia atlantica extracts. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008;2(2):022-8.
[24]Kasabri V, AbuDahab R, Afifi FU, Naffa R, Majdalawi L. Modulation of pancreatic MIN6 insulin secretion and proliferation, and extrapancreatic glucose absorption with Achillea santolina, Eryngium creticum and Pistacia atlantica extracts: in vitro evaluation. J Exp Integr Med. 2012;2(3):245-54.
[25]Zinman B, Ruderman N, Campaigne B, Devlin J, Schneider S. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(Suppl1):S73-7.
[26]Manetta J, Brun JF, Maimoun L, Callis A, Préfaut C, Mercier J. Effect of training on the GH/IGF-I axis during exercise in middle-aged men: relationship to glucose homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;283(5):E929-36.
[27]Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Stensel DJ, Lindley MR, Mastana SS, Nimmo MA. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(9):607-15.
[28]Bloem CJ, Chang AM. Short-term exercise improves β-cell function and insulin resistance in older people with impaired glucose tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(2):387-92.
[29]Spiropoulos A, Goussetis E, Margeli A, Premetis E, Skenderi K, Graphakos S, et al. Effect of inflammation induced by prolonged exercise on circulating erythroid progenitors and markers of erythropoiesis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010;48(2):199-203.
[30]Damirchi A, Rahmani-Nia F, Mehrabani J. Lipocalin-2: Response to a progressive treadmill protocol in obese and normal-weight men. Asian J Sports Med. 2011;2(1):44.
[31]Hemdahl AL, Gabrielsen A, Zhu C, Eriksson P, Hedin U, Kastrup J, et al. Expression of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26(1):136-42.
[32]Owen HC, Roberts SJ, Ahmed SF, Farquharson C. Dexamethasone-induced expression of the glucocorticoid response gene lipocalin 2 in chondrocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;294(6):1023-34.
[33]Moghadasi M, Mohammadi Domieh M. Effects of resistance versus endurance training on plasma lipocalin-2 in young men. Asian J Sports Med. 2014 ;5(2):108-14.
[34]Mohammadi A, Khajehlandi A. Hs-CRP and adipokin (Lcn2): Response to exercise training in obese men. Biomed Pharmacol J. 2014;7(1):17-22.
[35]Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Hosseinpanah F, Hedayati M, Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Azizi F. Broccoli sprouts reduce oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65(8):972-7.
[36]Mahmudzadeh T, Saghebjoo M, Seghatol Eslami A, Hedayati M. Effect of aerobic training and Pistacia atlantica extract consumption on pancreatic β-cells function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Iran J Diabetes Metab. 2014;13(3):252-62. [Persian]
[2]Azizi Z, Mansoorpoor S, Sabzehvarifard A, Asaie S, Ranjbar Omrani Gh. Effect of Estradiol valerate on pancreatic beta cells resistance in diabetic female rats by streptozotocin. Iran South Med J. 2014;17(2):107-19. [Persian]
[3]Haghighat N, Vafa M, Eghtesadi S, Heidari I, Hoseini AF. The effects of Tocotrienolsenriched canola oil on glycemic control and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: A double blind randomized clinical trial. Razi J Med Sci. 2013;20(109):52-61. [Persian]
[4]Wang Y, Lam KS, Kraegen EW, Sweeney G, Zhang J, Tso AW, et al. Lipocalin-2 is an inflammatory marker closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia in humans. Clin Chem. 2007;53(1):34-41.
[5]Choi K, Kim T, Yoo H, Lee K, Cho G, Hwang T, et al. Effect of exercise training on A-FABP, lipocalin-2 and RBP4 levels in obese women. Clin Endocrinol. 2009;70(4):569-74.
[6]Scheer F, Chan J, Fargnoli J, Chamberland J, Arampatzi K, Shea S, et al. Day/night variations of high-molecular-weight adiponectin and lipocalin-2 in healthy men studied under fed and fasted conditions. Diabetologia. 2010;53(11):2401-5.
[7]Cowland JB, Sørensen OE, Sehested M, Borregaard N. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is up-regulated in human epithelial cells by IL-1β, but not by TNF-α. J Immunol. 2003;171(12):6630-9.
[8]Bahmani P, Halabian R, Masrouri N, Rouhbakhsh M, Ebrahimi M, Nourani M, et al. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 by lipocalin 2 mediated by NF-KB transcription factor. J Iran Anat Sci. 2009;1(27):33-44. [Persian]
[9]Mohammadi Karizno F, Saghebjoo M, Foadoddini M, Sarir H. The role of aerobic training and Pistacia atlantica extract on the levels of protein carbonyl, heat shock protein 70, and glycogen in the liver tissue of diabetic rats. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2014;21(1):35-47. [Persian]
[10]Farzanegi P, Mousavi M, Ghanbari-Niaki A. Effect of Pistacia atlantica extract on glutathione peroxidase tissue levels and total oxidative capacity of liver and plasma lipid profile of rats. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2013;15(11):59-63. [Persian]
[11]Peksel A, Arisan-Atac I, Yanardag R. Evaluation of antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of the extracts of Pistacia atlantica Desf. Leaves. J Food Biochem. 2010;34(3):451-76.
[12]Saber-Tehrani M, Givianrad MH, Aberoomand-Azar P, Waqif-Husain S, Jafari Mohammadi SA. Chemical composition of Iran's Pistacia atlantica cold-pressed oil. J Chem. 2013;(2013).
[13]Hatamnia AA, Abbaspour N, Darvishzadeh R. Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of different parts of Bene (Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica) fruits. Food Chem. 2014;145:306-11.
[14]Rashidlamir A, Alizadeh A, Ebrahimiatri A, Dastani M. The effect of four-week period of aerobic exercise with cinnamon consumption on lipoprotein indicates and blood sugar in diabetic female patients (type 2). J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2013;20(5):605-14. [Persian]
[15]Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B, Regensteiner JG, Blissmer BJ, Rubin RR, et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(12):e147-67.
[16]Richter EA, Hargreaves M. Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(3):993-1017.
[17]Bello AI, Owusu-Boakye E, Adegoke BO, Adjei DN. Effects of aerobic exercise on selected physiological parameters and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Gen Med. 2011;4:723-7.
[18]Yousefipoor P, Tadibi V, Behpoor N, Parnow A, Delbari M, Rashidi S. The effect of 8-week aerobic and concurrent (aerobic-resistance) exercise training on serum il-6 levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2013;21(5):619-31.
[19]Chis IC, Baltaru D, Maier M, Muresan A, Clichici S. Effects of quercetin and chronic (training) exercise on oxidative stress status in animals with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Bull UASVM Vet Med. 2013;70(1):31-9.
[20]Laghari AQ, Memon S, Nelofar A, Laghari AH. Extraction, identification and antioxidative properties of the flavonoid-rich fractions from leaves and flowers of Cassia angustifolia. Am J Anal Chem. 2011;2(8):871.
[21]Kim HJ, Park JY, Oh SL, Kim YA, So B, Seong JK, et al. Effect of treadmill exercise on interleukin-15 expression and glucose tolerance in zucker diabetic fatty rats. Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(5):358-64.
[22]Ghanbari Niaki A, Fathi R, Shahandeh F, Yazdani M, Hajizadeh A. The effect of endurance training and Pistacia atlantica (bene) extraction on resting plasma visfatin and lipids levels in female rats. Daneshvar Med. 2011;18(94):53-62. [Persian]
[23]Benhammou N, Bekkara FA, Panovska TK. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Pistacia lentiscus and Pistacia atlantica extracts. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008;2(2):022-8.
[24]Kasabri V, AbuDahab R, Afifi FU, Naffa R, Majdalawi L. Modulation of pancreatic MIN6 insulin secretion and proliferation, and extrapancreatic glucose absorption with Achillea santolina, Eryngium creticum and Pistacia atlantica extracts: in vitro evaluation. J Exp Integr Med. 2012;2(3):245-54.
[25]Zinman B, Ruderman N, Campaigne B, Devlin J, Schneider S. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(Suppl1):S73-7.
[26]Manetta J, Brun JF, Maimoun L, Callis A, Préfaut C, Mercier J. Effect of training on the GH/IGF-I axis during exercise in middle-aged men: relationship to glucose homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;283(5):E929-36.
[27]Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Stensel DJ, Lindley MR, Mastana SS, Nimmo MA. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(9):607-15.
[28]Bloem CJ, Chang AM. Short-term exercise improves β-cell function and insulin resistance in older people with impaired glucose tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(2):387-92.
[29]Spiropoulos A, Goussetis E, Margeli A, Premetis E, Skenderi K, Graphakos S, et al. Effect of inflammation induced by prolonged exercise on circulating erythroid progenitors and markers of erythropoiesis. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010;48(2):199-203.
[30]Damirchi A, Rahmani-Nia F, Mehrabani J. Lipocalin-2: Response to a progressive treadmill protocol in obese and normal-weight men. Asian J Sports Med. 2011;2(1):44.
[31]Hemdahl AL, Gabrielsen A, Zhu C, Eriksson P, Hedin U, Kastrup J, et al. Expression of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26(1):136-42.
[32]Owen HC, Roberts SJ, Ahmed SF, Farquharson C. Dexamethasone-induced expression of the glucocorticoid response gene lipocalin 2 in chondrocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;294(6):1023-34.
[33]Moghadasi M, Mohammadi Domieh M. Effects of resistance versus endurance training on plasma lipocalin-2 in young men. Asian J Sports Med. 2014 ;5(2):108-14.
[34]Mohammadi A, Khajehlandi A. Hs-CRP and adipokin (Lcn2): Response to exercise training in obese men. Biomed Pharmacol J. 2014;7(1):17-22.
[35]Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Hosseinpanah F, Hedayati M, Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Azizi F. Broccoli sprouts reduce oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65(8):972-7.
[36]Mahmudzadeh T, Saghebjoo M, Seghatol Eslami A, Hedayati M. Effect of aerobic training and Pistacia atlantica extract consumption on pancreatic β-cells function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Iran J Diabetes Metab. 2014;13(3):252-62. [Persian]