@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2020;7(1):13-21
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2020;7(1):13-21
Effect of Educational Intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on Preventing Water Pipe Smoking in Secondary School Students
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Khani Jeihooni A. (1)Razavi M. (1)
Kashfi S.M. (2)
Ansari M. (1)
Gholami T. (*1)
(*1) Public Health Department, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
(1) Public Health Department, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, , Fasa, Iran
(1) Public Health Department, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
(1) Public Health Department, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa , Iran
(2) Public Health Department, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Ibn-e Sina Square, Fasa, Fars Province, IranPhone: +98 (71) 53350994
Fax: +98 (71) 53357091
gholamitahereh@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: July 8, 2019Accepted: September 18, 2019
ePublished: March 18, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims
Water pipe smoking, especially among young people, has been on the rise and the increasing prevalence of tobacco use among students is worrying. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on preventing water pipe smoking in secondary school students.
Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study was performed on 400 students from high school boy students (2nd and 3rd) of Fasa city in 2018-2019. The subjects were selected by cluster random sampling method and divided into control (n=200) and experimental (n=200) groups. The intervention was based on planned behavior theory model for the experimental group in 7 sessions of 50-55 minutes. A questionnaire including demographic information, theory of planned behavior constructs and preventive behaviors of water pipe smoking in high school students were completed before and three months after intervention by both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software using Chi-square, independent and paired t-tests.
Findings There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intent and preventive behaviors of water pipe smoking pre intervention (p>0.05). However, in the three months after intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in any of these variables (p=0.001), while there was no significant difference in the control group (p>0.05).
Conclusion : The educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior is effective on preventing water pipe smoking in secondary school students.
Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study was performed on 400 students from high school boy students (2nd and 3rd) of Fasa city in 2018-2019. The subjects were selected by cluster random sampling method and divided into control (n=200) and experimental (n=200) groups. The intervention was based on planned behavior theory model for the experimental group in 7 sessions of 50-55 minutes. A questionnaire including demographic information, theory of planned behavior constructs and preventive behaviors of water pipe smoking in high school students were completed before and three months after intervention by both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software using Chi-square, independent and paired t-tests.
Findings There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intent and preventive behaviors of water pipe smoking pre intervention (p>0.05). However, in the three months after intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in any of these variables (p=0.001), while there was no significant difference in the control group (p>0.05).
Conclusion : The educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior is effective on preventing water pipe smoking in secondary school students.
CITATION LINKS
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[30]Khani Jeihooni A, Khiyali Z, Kashfi SM, Kashfi SH, Zakeri M, Amirkhani M. Knowledge and attitudes of university students towards hookah smoking in Fasa, Iran. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2018;12(1):e11676.
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[34] Ezati Rad R, Hassani L, Aghamolaei T, Ghanbarnejad A. Effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior and reduced water pipe smoking among women above 15 (yrs.) in Bandar Abbas. Tech J Eng Appl Sci. 2015;5(3):181-7.
[35]Karimi M, Niknami S, Heidarnia AR, Hajizadeh I. Measuring constructs of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) regarding cigarette use among adolescents. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2013;16(8):e77273.
[36]Alami A, Rezaeian Kochi MH, Moshki M. Application of Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Intention and Action of Preventing Tobacco Use among Students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2016;3(4):340-8. [Persian]
[37]Tahmasebi R, Saeed Firoozabadi M, Noroozi A. Assessment of the extended theory of planned behavior for nicotine dependence prediction: An application of path analysis. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2017;19(9):1-7.
[38]Alanazi NH, Lee JW, Dos Santos H, Job JS, Bahjri K. The use of planned behavior theory in predicting cigarette smoking among Waterpipe smokers. Tob Induc Dis. 2017;15(1):29.
[39] Bashirian S, Heidarnia A, Allahverdipour H, Hajizadeh E. The theory-based substance abuse prevention program for adolescents. Health Educ Health Promot. 2013;1(1):3-12.
[40] Jafari M, Shahidi S, Abedin A. Comparing the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Stages of Change Model on improving abstinence self-efficacy in Iranian substance dependent adolescents. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):7-15.
[41] Mohammadi Zeydi I, Pakpour-Hajiagha A. Application of the theory of planned behavior for the prevention of substance abuse among male adolescents. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2016;3(4):298-310. [Persian]
[42] Peters GJY, Kok G, Abraham C. Social cognitive determinants of ecstasy use to target in evidence‐based interventions: a meta‐analytical review. Addiction. 2008;103(1):109-18.
[43] Renuka P, Pushpanjali K. Effectiveness of health belief model in motivating for tobacco cessation and to improving knowledge, attitude and behavior of tobacco users. Cancer Oncol Res. 2014;2(4):43-50.
[44]Huang CM, Chien LY, Cheng CF, Guo JL. Integrating Life Skills Into a Theory‐Based Drug‐Use Prevention Program: Effectiveness Among Junior High Students in Taiwan. J Sch Health. 2012;82(7):328-35.
[2]Maziak W. The global epidemic of waterpipe smoking. Addict Behav. 2011;36(1-2):1-5.
[3] Waziry R, Jawad M, Ballout RA, Al Akel M, Akl EA. The effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking on health outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(1):32-43.
[4] Hassounah S, Rawaf D, Khoja T, Rawaf S, Hussein M, Qidwai W, et al. Tobacco control efforts in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: achievements and challenges. East Mediterr Health J. 2014;20(8):508-13.
[5] Meysamie A, Ghaletaki R, Haghazali M, Asgari F, Rashidi A, Khalilzadeh O, et al. Pattern of tobacco use among the Iranian adult population: results of the national Survey of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (SuRFNCD-2007). Tob Control. 2010;19(2):125-8.
[6]Roskin J, Aveyard P. Canadian and English students' beliefs about waterpipe smoking: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):10.
[7]Beaglehole R, Bonita R. Global public health: a scorecard. Lancet. 2008;372(9654):1988-96.
[8]Noonan D, Kulbok PA. New tobacco trends: waterpipe (hookah) smoking and implications for healthcare providers J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2009;21(5):258-60.
[9] Ghasemi A, Siadmoradi L, Momenan AA, Zahedi Asl S. Association between tobacco smoke and serum nitric oxide metabolites concentration. Physiol Pharmacol. 2009;12(4):336-41. [Persian]
[10] Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström KO. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991;86(9):1119-27.
[11] Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. 2006;3(11):e442.
[12] Alzyoud S, Haddad L, El Shahawy O, Ghadban R, Kheirallah K, Alhawamdeh KA, et al. Patterns of waterpipe use among Arab immigrants in the USA: a pilot study. Br J Med Med Res. 20144(3):816-27.
[13]Arnett JJ. The developmental context of substance use in emerging adulthood. J Drug Issues. 2005;35(2):235-54.
[14]Joe S, Canetto SS, Romer D. Advancing prevention research on the role of culture in suicide prevention. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2008;38(3):354-62.
[15] Momenabadi V, Kaveh MH, Hashemi SY. Effect of educational intervention on intention of university students’ disuse of hookah smoking: BASNEF model. J Subst Use. 2018;23(3):262-7.
[16] Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997;349(9064):1498-504.
[17]Salameh P, Waked M, Aoun Z. Waterpipe smoking: construction and validation of the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11). Nicotine Tob Res. 2008;10(1):149-58.
[18] Khor PY, Harun NB, Ishak FB, Anuar NAIM, Karim NA, Azman A, et al. Contributory factors to the smoking of shisha among teenagers in the Perak City of Ipoh: A preliminary qualitative survey. Int J Public Health Res. 2012;2(1):80-4.
[19]Vanderhoek AJ, Hammal F, Chappell A, Wild TC, Raupach T, Finegan BA. Future physicians and tobacco: an online survey of the habits, beliefs and knowledge base of medical students at a Canadian University. Tob Induc Dis. 2013;11(1):9.
[20] Aljarrah K, Ababneh ZQ, Al-Delaimy WK. Perceptions of hookah smoking harmfulness: predictors and characteristics among current hookah users. Tob Induc Dis. 2009;5(1):16.
[21]Sharma M. Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. Burligton: Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2016.
[22]Fathi Y, Moeini B, Bazvand A, Barati M, Roshanaei G. The Effectiveness of Educational Program Based on Theory of Planned Behavior on Preventing and Decreasing Tobacco Smoking Among Post-secondary Students. J Educ Community Health. 2016;3(2):54-61. [Persian]
[23]Joveyni H, Dehdari T, Gohari M. Waterpipe smoking in the male college students: an education intervention using theory of planned behavior. J Res Health. 2013;3(4):497-503.
[24]Jahanpour F, Vahedparast H, Ravanipour M, Azodi P. The trend of hookah use among adolescents and youth: a qualitative study. J Qual Res Health Sci. 2015;3(4):340-8. [Persian]
[25] Mohammadizeidi E, Pakpour A. Effectiveness of an educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior to reduce intentions to smoke among secondary school students. J Res Health. 2013;3(4):504-13.
[26]Saeed Firoozabadi M, Tahmasebi R, Noroozi A. Predicting factors on continued intention of waterpipe smoking among women in Bushehr using the theory of planned behavior. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2015;2(4):260-9. [Persian]
[27]Makvandi Z, Sharifi M, Barati M. Assessment of factors associated with hookah consumption among college students of asad abad city base on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in 2015-2016. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2017;5(4):270-9. [Persian]
[28] Al-Naggar RA, Saghir F. Water pipe (shisha) smoking and associated factors among Malaysian university students. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(11):3041-7.
[29] Martinasek MP, McDermott RJ, Martini L. Waterpipe (hookah) tobacco smoking among youth. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2011;41(2):34-57.
[30]Khani Jeihooni A, Khiyali Z, Kashfi SM, Kashfi SH, Zakeri M, Amirkhani M. Knowledge and attitudes of university students towards hookah smoking in Fasa, Iran. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2018;12(1):e11676.
[31]Chabrol H, Mabila JD, Chauchard E, Mantoulan R, Rousseau A. Contributions of parental and social influences to cannabis use in a non-clinical sample of adolescents. Encephale. 2008;34(1):8-16. [French]
[32]Voisin DR, Salazar LF, Crosby R, Diclemente RJ, Yarber WL, Staples-Horne M. Teacher connectedness and health-related outcomes among detained adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2005;37(4):337.
[33]Araban M, Karimi M, Taher M, Bayati S, Bakhtiari A, Abrehdari H, et al. Predictors of tobacco use among medical students of ahvaz university: A study based on theory of planned behavior. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2(1):10-8. [Persian]
[34] Ezati Rad R, Hassani L, Aghamolaei T, Ghanbarnejad A. Effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior and reduced water pipe smoking among women above 15 (yrs.) in Bandar Abbas. Tech J Eng Appl Sci. 2015;5(3):181-7.
[35]Karimi M, Niknami S, Heidarnia AR, Hajizadeh I. Measuring constructs of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) regarding cigarette use among adolescents. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2013;16(8):e77273.
[36]Alami A, Rezaeian Kochi MH, Moshki M. Application of Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Intention and Action of Preventing Tobacco Use among Students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2016;3(4):340-8. [Persian]
[37]Tahmasebi R, Saeed Firoozabadi M, Noroozi A. Assessment of the extended theory of planned behavior for nicotine dependence prediction: An application of path analysis. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2017;19(9):1-7.
[38]Alanazi NH, Lee JW, Dos Santos H, Job JS, Bahjri K. The use of planned behavior theory in predicting cigarette smoking among Waterpipe smokers. Tob Induc Dis. 2017;15(1):29.
[39] Bashirian S, Heidarnia A, Allahverdipour H, Hajizadeh E. The theory-based substance abuse prevention program for adolescents. Health Educ Health Promot. 2013;1(1):3-12.
[40] Jafari M, Shahidi S, Abedin A. Comparing the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Stages of Change Model on improving abstinence self-efficacy in Iranian substance dependent adolescents. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012;6(2):7-15.
[41] Mohammadi Zeydi I, Pakpour-Hajiagha A. Application of the theory of planned behavior for the prevention of substance abuse among male adolescents. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2016;3(4):298-310. [Persian]
[42] Peters GJY, Kok G, Abraham C. Social cognitive determinants of ecstasy use to target in evidence‐based interventions: a meta‐analytical review. Addiction. 2008;103(1):109-18.
[43] Renuka P, Pushpanjali K. Effectiveness of health belief model in motivating for tobacco cessation and to improving knowledge, attitude and behavior of tobacco users. Cancer Oncol Res. 2014;2(4):43-50.
[44]Huang CM, Chien LY, Cheng CF, Guo JL. Integrating Life Skills Into a Theory‐Based Drug‐Use Prevention Program: Effectiveness Among Junior High Students in Taiwan. J Sch Health. 2012;82(7):328-35.