@2025 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2016;8(3):127-133
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2016;8(3):127-133
Effect of Breathing Exercises on Lung Volumes and Fatigue in Chemical Victims
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Ahmadi Z. (1)Moradi M. (2)
Abedi B. (*)
(*) Physical Education Department, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, Iran
(1) Physical Education Department, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, Iran
(2) Physical Education Department, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Physical Education Department, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat Branch, Daneshgah Street, Ayatollah Khamenei Boulevard, Mahallat, Markazi Province, Iran. Postal Code: 3781958514Phone: +98 (86) 43257554
Fax: +98 (86) 43257555
abedi@iaumahallat.ac.ir
Article History
Received: March 22, 2016Accepted: July 17, 2016
ePublished: August 31, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
One of the three main organs undergone the most injuries and side-effects due to the mustard sulfur is the lung. The effects of the breathing exercises on such side-effects have been studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the breathing exercises on the lung volume and the fatigue in the chemically injured veterans.
Materials & Methods In the semi-experimental study, 23 veterans with pulmonary chemical injuries and a history of exposure to the mustard sulfur were studied in Arak Township in 2015. The subjects, selected via the purposeful available sampling method, were randomly divided into two groups including experimental (n=13) and control (n=10) groups. An 8-week breathing exercise program was conducted in experimental group. The program consisted of three 30- to 45-minute stacked-lip and diaphragmatic breathing sessions per week. The lung function and the fatigue severity were assessed before and after the intervention. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21 software using paired T test and one-way covariance analysis.
Findings The breathing exercises in experimental group significantly increased the lung indices and significantly reduced the mean fatigue level (p<0.05). Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between the pretest and posttest results in control group (p>0.05).
Conclusion The breathing exercises can improve the breathing pattern and reduce the fatigue level in the chemically injured veterans.
Materials & Methods In the semi-experimental study, 23 veterans with pulmonary chemical injuries and a history of exposure to the mustard sulfur were studied in Arak Township in 2015. The subjects, selected via the purposeful available sampling method, were randomly divided into two groups including experimental (n=13) and control (n=10) groups. An 8-week breathing exercise program was conducted in experimental group. The program consisted of three 30- to 45-minute stacked-lip and diaphragmatic breathing sessions per week. The lung function and the fatigue severity were assessed before and after the intervention. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21 software using paired T test and one-way covariance analysis.
Findings The breathing exercises in experimental group significantly increased the lung indices and significantly reduced the mean fatigue level (p<0.05). Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between the pretest and posttest results in control group (p>0.05).
Conclusion The breathing exercises can improve the breathing pattern and reduce the fatigue level in the chemically injured veterans.
CITATION LINKS
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[10]Jokar Z, Mohammadi F, Khankeh HR, Fallah Tafti S, Koushesh F. Comparing Home-based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Nursing on Fatigue and quality of life in Patients with COPD. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2014;4(2):168-76. [Persian]
[11]Azab NY, El Mahalawy I, Abd El Aal G, Taha M. Breathing pattern in asthmatic patients during exercise. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc. 2015;64(3):521-7.
[12]van Gestel AJ, Clarenbach CF, Stöwhas AC, Teschler S, Russi EW, Teschler H, et al. Prevalence and prediction of exercise-induced oxygen desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration. 2012;84(5):353-9.
[13]Schwid SR, Covington M, Segal BM, Goodman AD. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: current understanding and future directions. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2002;39(2):211-24.
[14]Basampour S, Nikbakht Nasrabadi A, Faghihzadeh S, Monjazebi F. Assess the using and efficacy of fatigue reducing strategies in patients referred to multiple sclerosis association of Iran. Hayat. 2006;11(3-4):29-37. [Persian]
[15]Dehghan A, Ghaem H, Borhani Haghighi A, Kashfi M, Zeyghami B. Comparison of quality of life in Parkinson's patients with and without fatigue. J Hormozgan Univ Med Sci. 2011;15(1):49-55. [Persian]
[16]Sajjadi A, Farmahini Farahani B, Esmailpoo Zanjani S, Dormanesh B, Zare M. Effective r factors on fatigue in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Iran J Crit Care Nurs. 2010;3(1):33-8. [Persian]
[17]Benito PJ, Calderon FJ, Garcia-Zapico A, Legido JC, Caballero JA. Response of tidal volume to inspiratory time ratio during incremental exercise. Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42(2):62-7. [Spanish]
[18]Fisher LR, Cawley MI, Holgate ST. Relation between chest expansion, pulmonary function, and exercise tolerance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1990;49(11):921-5.
[19]Gromby G, Soderholm B. Spirometricstudies in normal subjects: Static lung volumes and maximum voluntary ventilation in adults with a note on physical fitness. J Int Med. 1963;173(2):199-206.
[20]Hauge BN. Diaphragmatic movement and spirometric volume in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Scand J Respir Dis. 1973;54(1):38-44.
[21]Kim SH, Kwon OY, An MR, Kim YS. Increased range of motion and decreased strength of the thumb in massage practitioners with thumb pain. Ind Health. 2014; 52(4):347-53.
[22]Oh EG. The effects of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic lung disease. Int J Nurs Stud. 2003;40(8):873-9.
[23]Fregonezi GA, Resqueti VR, Guell Rous R. Pursed lips breathing. Arch Bronconeumol. 2004;40(6):279-82. [Spanish]
[24]Dechman G, Wilson CR. Evidence underlying breathing retraining in people with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Phys Ther. 2004;84(12):1189-97.
[25]Hernández MT, Rubio TM, Ruiz FO, Riera HS, Gil RS, Gómez JC. Results of a home based training program for patients with COPD. Chest. 2000;118(1):106-14.
[26]Parameswaran K, Todd DC, Soth M. Altered respiratory physiology in obesity. Can Respir J. 2006;13(4):203-10.
[27]Altose MD. Pulmonary mechanics. In: Fishman AP, Elias JA, editors. Pulmonary diseases and disorders. 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998. pp. 149-62.
[28]Troosters T, Gosselink R, Janssens W, Decramer M. Exercise training and pulmonary rehabilitation: New insights and remaining challenges. Eur Respir Rev. 2010;19(115):24-9.
[29]Katsura H, Kanemaru A, Yamada K, Motegi T, Wakabayashi R, Kida K. Long-term effectiveness of an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program for elderly COPD patients: Comparison between young-elderly and old-elderly groups. Respirology. 2004;9(2):230-6.
[30]Mador MJ, Krauza M, Shaffer M. Effect of exercise training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with healthy elderly subjects. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2012;32(3):155-62.
[31]Woo K. A pilot study to examine the relationships of dyspnoea, physical activity and fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Nurs. 2000;9(4):526-33.
[32]Rosenberg E, Brown H, Jackson D, Cooper K. Basic medical physiology: the whole is more than the sum of its parts. Am J Physiol. 1991;261(6 Pt 3):S30-3.
[33]Petajan JH, Gappmaier E, White AT, Spencer MK, Mino L, Hicks RW. Impact of aerobic training on fitness and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1996;39(4):432-41.
[34]De Groot MH, Phillips SJ, Eskes GA. Fatigue associated with stroke and other neurologic conditions: Implications for stroke rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(11):114-22.
[2]Wattana M, Bey T. Mustard gas or sulfur mustard: An old chemical agent as a new terrorist threat. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2009;24(1):19-9.
[3]United Nations Security Council [Internet]. Report of the Specialists Appointed by the Secretary-General to Investigate Allegations by the Islamic Republic of Iran Concerning the Use of Chemical Weapons. Document S/16433 [Published 1984, March 26; Cited 2016, June 3]. Available from: http://www.iranwatch.org/library/international-organization/united-nations-un/un-security-council/report-specialist-appointed-secretary-general-investigate-allegations-islamic
[4]Aslani J. Late respiratory complications of sulfur mustard. In: Cheraghali AM, editor. Prevention and Treatment of Complications of Chemical Warfare Agents. Tehran: Chemical Warfare Research Center; 2000. pp. 76-9. [Persian]
[5]Tari M, Fallah Mohammadi Z, Dabidy Roshan V, Aliyali M. Effect one aerobic training fev1 and fvc ergometer exercise tolerance level of dyspnea, pulmonary chemical veterans. Olympic. 2011;17(1):20-30. [Persian]
[6]Najafi Mehri S, Pashandi S, Mahmoodi H, Ebadi A, Ghanei M. Assessment of fatigue and spirometry parameters in chemical war victims with respiratory disease. Iran J War Public Health. 2010;2(4):29-35. [Persian]
[7]Baarends EM, Scholes AM, Mostert R, Wouters EF. Peak exercise response in relation to tissue depletion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 1997;10(12):2807-13.
[8]Khoshnevis M, Najafi Mehry S, Zareh binan F, Shahsavary S. Comparison of the effect of breath training and lower extremity aerobic exercise on pulmonary ventilation and maximal oxygen consumption in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci. 2008;13(1):59-67. [Persian]
[9]Zakirmoghadam M, Shaban M, Kazemnejad A, Tavasoli Kh. Effect breathing exercises on fatigue in patient s with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hayat. 2007;5(2):17-25. [Persian]
[10]Jokar Z, Mohammadi F, Khankeh HR, Fallah Tafti S, Koushesh F. Comparing Home-based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Nursing on Fatigue and quality of life in Patients with COPD. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2014;4(2):168-76. [Persian]
[11]Azab NY, El Mahalawy I, Abd El Aal G, Taha M. Breathing pattern in asthmatic patients during exercise. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc. 2015;64(3):521-7.
[12]van Gestel AJ, Clarenbach CF, Stöwhas AC, Teschler S, Russi EW, Teschler H, et al. Prevalence and prediction of exercise-induced oxygen desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration. 2012;84(5):353-9.
[13]Schwid SR, Covington M, Segal BM, Goodman AD. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: current understanding and future directions. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2002;39(2):211-24.
[14]Basampour S, Nikbakht Nasrabadi A, Faghihzadeh S, Monjazebi F. Assess the using and efficacy of fatigue reducing strategies in patients referred to multiple sclerosis association of Iran. Hayat. 2006;11(3-4):29-37. [Persian]
[15]Dehghan A, Ghaem H, Borhani Haghighi A, Kashfi M, Zeyghami B. Comparison of quality of life in Parkinson's patients with and without fatigue. J Hormozgan Univ Med Sci. 2011;15(1):49-55. [Persian]
[16]Sajjadi A, Farmahini Farahani B, Esmailpoo Zanjani S, Dormanesh B, Zare M. Effective r factors on fatigue in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Iran J Crit Care Nurs. 2010;3(1):33-8. [Persian]
[17]Benito PJ, Calderon FJ, Garcia-Zapico A, Legido JC, Caballero JA. Response of tidal volume to inspiratory time ratio during incremental exercise. Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42(2):62-7. [Spanish]
[18]Fisher LR, Cawley MI, Holgate ST. Relation between chest expansion, pulmonary function, and exercise tolerance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1990;49(11):921-5.
[19]Gromby G, Soderholm B. Spirometricstudies in normal subjects: Static lung volumes and maximum voluntary ventilation in adults with a note on physical fitness. J Int Med. 1963;173(2):199-206.
[20]Hauge BN. Diaphragmatic movement and spirometric volume in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Scand J Respir Dis. 1973;54(1):38-44.
[21]Kim SH, Kwon OY, An MR, Kim YS. Increased range of motion and decreased strength of the thumb in massage practitioners with thumb pain. Ind Health. 2014; 52(4):347-53.
[22]Oh EG. The effects of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic lung disease. Int J Nurs Stud. 2003;40(8):873-9.
[23]Fregonezi GA, Resqueti VR, Guell Rous R. Pursed lips breathing. Arch Bronconeumol. 2004;40(6):279-82. [Spanish]
[24]Dechman G, Wilson CR. Evidence underlying breathing retraining in people with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Phys Ther. 2004;84(12):1189-97.
[25]Hernández MT, Rubio TM, Ruiz FO, Riera HS, Gil RS, Gómez JC. Results of a home based training program for patients with COPD. Chest. 2000;118(1):106-14.
[26]Parameswaran K, Todd DC, Soth M. Altered respiratory physiology in obesity. Can Respir J. 2006;13(4):203-10.
[27]Altose MD. Pulmonary mechanics. In: Fishman AP, Elias JA, editors. Pulmonary diseases and disorders. 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998. pp. 149-62.
[28]Troosters T, Gosselink R, Janssens W, Decramer M. Exercise training and pulmonary rehabilitation: New insights and remaining challenges. Eur Respir Rev. 2010;19(115):24-9.
[29]Katsura H, Kanemaru A, Yamada K, Motegi T, Wakabayashi R, Kida K. Long-term effectiveness of an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program for elderly COPD patients: Comparison between young-elderly and old-elderly groups. Respirology. 2004;9(2):230-6.
[30]Mador MJ, Krauza M, Shaffer M. Effect of exercise training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with healthy elderly subjects. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2012;32(3):155-62.
[31]Woo K. A pilot study to examine the relationships of dyspnoea, physical activity and fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Nurs. 2000;9(4):526-33.
[32]Rosenberg E, Brown H, Jackson D, Cooper K. Basic medical physiology: the whole is more than the sum of its parts. Am J Physiol. 1991;261(6 Pt 3):S30-3.
[33]Petajan JH, Gappmaier E, White AT, Spencer MK, Mino L, Hicks RW. Impact of aerobic training on fitness and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1996;39(4):432-41.
[34]De Groot MH, Phillips SJ, Eskes GA. Fatigue associated with stroke and other neurologic conditions: Implications for stroke rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(11):114-22.