@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(1):29-34
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(1):29-34
Effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy on Loneliness and Rumination of Veterans’ Spouses
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Talebi A. (1)Zarnaghash M. (*1)
(1) Psychology Department, Psychology & Educational Sciences Faculty, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht , Iran
Correspondence
Address: Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, 3 km of Marvdasht-Persepolis Boulevard, Fars, Iran. Postal code:7371113119Phone: +98 (71) 43112201
Fax: +98 (71) 43311172
mzarnaghash@miau.ac.ir
Article History
Received: April 22, 2019Accepted: January 8, 2020
ePublished: March 17, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims
Veterans' families, especially their wives, are at high risk for mental and psychological injuries that should be noticed to them. The aim of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on loneliness and rumination of veterans’ spouses.
Materials & Methods In this experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group, 22 veterans’ spouses of Shiraz city in 2018 were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into case and control groups (11 subjects in each group). Participants in both groups completed the DiTommaso’s loneliness questionnaire and the Nolen-Hoeksema’s rumination questionnaire. The case group was then subjected to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention during 8 sessions of 120-150 minutes. After group therapy on the case group, the post-test was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software, using dependent and independent t-tests.
Findings In case group, significant changes in the sense of loneliness and rumination scales were observed in the post-test compared to the pre-test (p=0.0001). However, no significant changes were observed in the control group. There was also a significant difference between the case group and the control group in the sense of loneliness (p=0.01) and rumination (p=0.001).
Conclusion Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is an effective strategy to reducing sense of loneliness, and rumination in veterans’ spouses.
Materials & Methods In this experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group, 22 veterans’ spouses of Shiraz city in 2018 were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into case and control groups (11 subjects in each group). Participants in both groups completed the DiTommaso’s loneliness questionnaire and the Nolen-Hoeksema’s rumination questionnaire. The case group was then subjected to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention during 8 sessions of 120-150 minutes. After group therapy on the case group, the post-test was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software, using dependent and independent t-tests.
Findings In case group, significant changes in the sense of loneliness and rumination scales were observed in the post-test compared to the pre-test (p=0.0001). However, no significant changes were observed in the control group. There was also a significant difference between the case group and the control group in the sense of loneliness (p=0.01) and rumination (p=0.001).
Conclusion Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is an effective strategy to reducing sense of loneliness, and rumination in veterans’ spouses.
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Eitinger L, Strom A. Mortality and morbidity after excessive stress: a follow-up investigation of Norwegian concentration camp survivors. 1st Edition. New York: Humanities Press; 1973.
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[4]Khaghanizadeh M, Maleki H, Abbasi M, Abbaspour A, Heshmati Nabavi F, Ebadi A, et al. Elements and structure of medical ethics curriculum. Med Ethics J. 2010;4(12):11-38. [Persian]
[5]Vafaei T, Khosravi S. The comparison between mental health of devotee’s spouses and normal people’s spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2009;1(4):9-13. [Persian]
[6]Yamininia N. Investigation of personality traits of wives of spinal cord and nerves and spouses of harmless individuals [Dissertation]. Tehran: Tarbiat Moalem University; 2001. [Persian]
[7]Salimi H, Azad Marzabadi E, Amiri M, Taghavi MR. Aspects of marital satisfaction among veterans' wives. New Thoughts Educ. 2009;4(4):55-72. [Persian]
[8]Baer RA. Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10(2):125-43.
[9]Mohammadkhani P, Khanipour H. Mindfulness-based treatments. 1st Edition. Tehran: University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences; 2011. [Persian]
[10]Kabat‐Zinn J. Mindfulness‐based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10(2):144-56.
[11]Teasdale RD, Matheson F, Gleeson PA. Post-translational modifications distinguish cell surface from Golgi-retained β1, 4 galactosyltransferase molecules. Golgi localization involves active retention. Glycobiology. 1994;4(6):917-28.
[12]Zarnaqhash M, Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M, Beshlideh K, Davoodi I, Marashi SA. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on quality of life and resiliency of veterans spouses in Ahvaz. Psychol Methods Models. 2016;7(23):83-99. [Persian]
[13]DiTommaso E, Brannen C, Best LA. Measurement and validity characteristics of the short version of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults. Educ Psychol Meas. 2004;64(1):99-119.
[14]DiTommaso E, Brannen-McNulty C, Ross L, Burgess M. Attachment styles, social skills and loneliness in young adults. Pers Individ Differ. 2003;35(2):303-12.
[15]Rosenzweig S, Greeson JM, Reibel DK, Green JS, Jasser SA, Beasley D. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for chronic pain conditions: variation in treatment outcomes and role of home meditation practice. J Psychosom Res. 2010;68(1):29-36.
[16]DiTommaso E, Fizell SR, Robinson BA. Chronic loneliness within an attachment framework: processes and interventions. In: Sha'ked A, Rokach A, editors. Addressing loneliness: coping, prevention and clinical interventions. London: Psychology Press; 2015. p. 263-76.
[17]Nolen-Hoeksema S. Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. J Abnorm Psychol. 1991;100(4):569-82.
[18]Perestelo-Perez L, Barraca J, Peñate W, Rivero-Santana A, Alvarez-Perez Y. Mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of depressive rumination: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2017;17(3):282-95.
[19]Fili A, Borjali A, Sohrabi F, Farrokhi N. The comparitive efficacy of cognitive- behavior therapy and Teasdale mindfulness-based cognitive therapy of infertile depressed women’s rumination. Armaghan-e Danesh. 2012;17(1):14-21. [Persian]
[20]Teimouri S, Ramezani F, Mahjoob, N. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based group cognitive therapy in reducing depression and obsessive rumination among women under methadone treatment. J Res Addict. 2015;9(34):145-59. [Persian]
[21]Heydarian A, Zahrakar K, Mohsenzadeh F. The effectiveness of mindfulness training on reducing rumination and enhancing resilience in female patients with breast cancer: a randomized trial. Iran J Breast Dis. 2016;9(2):52-9. [Persian]
[22]Dianeti F, Moheb N. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Instruct Eval. 2018;10(40):171-88. [Persian]
[23]Tarkhan M. The influence of mindfulness-based cognitive therapies on loneliness feeling and shyness of students. Soc Cogn. 2017;5(2):94-106. [Persian]
[24]Zhang N, Fan FM, Huang SY, Rodriguez MA. Mindfulness training for loneliness among Chinese college students: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Int J Psychol. 2018;53(5):373-8.
[25]Farhadi A, Movaohdi Y, Kariminejad K, Movahedi M. The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on depression in male patients with coronary artery disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2014;2(4):6-14. [Persian]
[2]Eitinger L, Strom A. Mortality and morbidity after excessive stress: a follow-up investigation of Norwegian concentration camp survivors. 1st Edition. New York: Humanities Press; 1973.
[3]Harel A, Kahana B, Wilson JP. War and remmembrence. In: Wilson JP, Raphael B, editors. International handbook of traumatic stress syndromes. New York: Springer; 1993. p. 263-74.
[4]Khaghanizadeh M, Maleki H, Abbasi M, Abbaspour A, Heshmati Nabavi F, Ebadi A, et al. Elements and structure of medical ethics curriculum. Med Ethics J. 2010;4(12):11-38. [Persian]
[5]Vafaei T, Khosravi S. The comparison between mental health of devotee’s spouses and normal people’s spouses. Iran J War Public Health. 2009;1(4):9-13. [Persian]
[6]Yamininia N. Investigation of personality traits of wives of spinal cord and nerves and spouses of harmless individuals [Dissertation]. Tehran: Tarbiat Moalem University; 2001. [Persian]
[7]Salimi H, Azad Marzabadi E, Amiri M, Taghavi MR. Aspects of marital satisfaction among veterans' wives. New Thoughts Educ. 2009;4(4):55-72. [Persian]
[8]Baer RA. Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10(2):125-43.
[9]Mohammadkhani P, Khanipour H. Mindfulness-based treatments. 1st Edition. Tehran: University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences; 2011. [Persian]
[10]Kabat‐Zinn J. Mindfulness‐based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10(2):144-56.
[11]Teasdale RD, Matheson F, Gleeson PA. Post-translational modifications distinguish cell surface from Golgi-retained β1, 4 galactosyltransferase molecules. Golgi localization involves active retention. Glycobiology. 1994;4(6):917-28.
[12]Zarnaqhash M, Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M, Beshlideh K, Davoodi I, Marashi SA. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on quality of life and resiliency of veterans spouses in Ahvaz. Psychol Methods Models. 2016;7(23):83-99. [Persian]
[13]DiTommaso E, Brannen C, Best LA. Measurement and validity characteristics of the short version of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults. Educ Psychol Meas. 2004;64(1):99-119.
[14]DiTommaso E, Brannen-McNulty C, Ross L, Burgess M. Attachment styles, social skills and loneliness in young adults. Pers Individ Differ. 2003;35(2):303-12.
[15]Rosenzweig S, Greeson JM, Reibel DK, Green JS, Jasser SA, Beasley D. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for chronic pain conditions: variation in treatment outcomes and role of home meditation practice. J Psychosom Res. 2010;68(1):29-36.
[16]DiTommaso E, Fizell SR, Robinson BA. Chronic loneliness within an attachment framework: processes and interventions. In: Sha'ked A, Rokach A, editors. Addressing loneliness: coping, prevention and clinical interventions. London: Psychology Press; 2015. p. 263-76.
[17]Nolen-Hoeksema S. Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. J Abnorm Psychol. 1991;100(4):569-82.
[18]Perestelo-Perez L, Barraca J, Peñate W, Rivero-Santana A, Alvarez-Perez Y. Mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of depressive rumination: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2017;17(3):282-95.
[19]Fili A, Borjali A, Sohrabi F, Farrokhi N. The comparitive efficacy of cognitive- behavior therapy and Teasdale mindfulness-based cognitive therapy of infertile depressed women’s rumination. Armaghan-e Danesh. 2012;17(1):14-21. [Persian]
[20]Teimouri S, Ramezani F, Mahjoob, N. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based group cognitive therapy in reducing depression and obsessive rumination among women under methadone treatment. J Res Addict. 2015;9(34):145-59. [Persian]
[21]Heydarian A, Zahrakar K, Mohsenzadeh F. The effectiveness of mindfulness training on reducing rumination and enhancing resilience in female patients with breast cancer: a randomized trial. Iran J Breast Dis. 2016;9(2):52-9. [Persian]
[22]Dianeti F, Moheb N. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Instruct Eval. 2018;10(40):171-88. [Persian]
[23]Tarkhan M. The influence of mindfulness-based cognitive therapies on loneliness feeling and shyness of students. Soc Cogn. 2017;5(2):94-106. [Persian]
[24]Zhang N, Fan FM, Huang SY, Rodriguez MA. Mindfulness training for loneliness among Chinese college students: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Int J Psychol. 2018;53(5):373-8.
[25]Farhadi A, Movaohdi Y, Kariminejad K, Movahedi M. The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on depression in male patients with coronary artery disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2014;2(4):6-14. [Persian]