@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2020;7(3):177-186
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2020;7(3):177-186
Effect of Spiritual-Based Educational Intervention on the Mental Health of Student Health Ambassadors
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Sharifi Aref A. (1)Tavousi M. (2)
Amin Shokravi F. (*1)
(1) Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: November 5, 2019Accepted: April 26, 2020
ePublished: September 20, 2020
ABSTRACT
Aims
Stress, depression and anxiety are the most common disorders in adolescence. Given the positive effect of spirituality on mental health, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of spirituality-based educational intervention on mental health in female student health ambassadors.
Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study was performed on 39 female student health ambassadors of the first high schools in Tehran (18 subjects in the experimental group and 21 subjects in the control group) in 2020, who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The research instruments were the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS 21) and the Parsian and Dunning Spirituality Questionnaire. After pre-test in two groups, spirituality-based educational intervention was conducted in the experimental group. 45 days after the intervention, post-test was performed in both groups and the data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using Chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance.
Findings Despite the relative improvement, there was no significant differences between the mean scores of spirituality, stress, anxiety and depression in the two groups after the intervention (p>0.05), but the mean score of component of spiritual needs had significant increase in experimental group after the intervention compared to before intervention (p=0.043).
Conclusion Despite the lack of significant effect of spirituality-based educational intervention on increasing spirituality and reducing stress, anxiety and depression in student health ambassadors, but because the changes occurred in the group of healthy adolescents (physically and mentally), it considerable.
Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study was performed on 39 female student health ambassadors of the first high schools in Tehran (18 subjects in the experimental group and 21 subjects in the control group) in 2020, who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The research instruments were the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS 21) and the Parsian and Dunning Spirituality Questionnaire. After pre-test in two groups, spirituality-based educational intervention was conducted in the experimental group. 45 days after the intervention, post-test was performed in both groups and the data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using Chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance.
Findings Despite the relative improvement, there was no significant differences between the mean scores of spirituality, stress, anxiety and depression in the two groups after the intervention (p>0.05), but the mean score of component of spiritual needs had significant increase in experimental group after the intervention compared to before intervention (p=0.043).
Conclusion Despite the lack of significant effect of spirituality-based educational intervention on increasing spirituality and reducing stress, anxiety and depression in student health ambassadors, but because the changes occurred in the group of healthy adolescents (physically and mentally), it considerable.
CITATION LINKS
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[25]Broumandzadeh N, Karimi Sani P. Determining the Effectiveness of Spiritual Skills Training On General Health and Anxiety of Female High School Students in Tabriz. J Instruct Eval. 2015;8(31):9-23.
[26]Khezri L, Bahreyni M, Ravanipour M, Mirzaei K. The relationship between spiritual wellbeing and depression or death anxiety in cancer patients in Bushehr 2015. Nurs J Vulner. 2015;2(2):15-28. [Persian]
[27]Gharehboghlou Z, Adib-Hajbagheri M, Hajimohammad Hoseini M. The relationship between spiritual well-being and depression in nursing students. Iran J Nurs. 2016;29(103):41-50. [Persian]
[28]Khadem H, Mozaffari MR, Yousefi A, Ganbari Hashemabad B. The relationship between spiritual health and mental health in students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Hist Med J. 2016;7(25):33-55. [Persian]
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[31]Asghari Moghadam MA, Saed F, Dibajnia P, Zangeneh J. A preliminary validation of the depression.anxiety and stress scales (DASS) in non-clinical sample. J Clin Psychol Pers. 2008;1(31):23-38. [Persian]
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[33]Neshatbini Tehrani A, Beyzaei B, Hekmatdoost, A., Salehpour A, Moloodi R, Rashidkhani B. The association of adherencr to mediterranehan dietary pattern with depression.anxiety and psychological pressure among female in Tehran. J Nutr Sci Food Technol. 2016;11(2):9-18. [Persian]
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[35]Khalifi T, Seyedfatemi N, Mardani Hamooleh M, Haghani H. The effect of spiritual education on spiritual health of nursing students: a quasi-experimental study. Med Ethics Hist Med. 2018;11(1):152-64. [Persian]
[36]Movahhedi Y, Kariminezhad K, Hashemi Nosratabadi T, Movahedi M. The effectivenass of an educational model base on spirituality on improving the components of life quality in high school students. Psychol Religion. 2014;7(1):5-16. [Persian]
[37]Shahbazi H, Shakerinejad G, Ghajari H, Ghofranipour F, Lotfizadeh M. Relationship of spirituality and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Iran J Endocrinol Metabol. 2016;17(5):345-52. [Persian]
[38]Abdel-Khalek AM. Religiosity, happiness, health, and psychopathology in a probability sample of Muslim adolescents. Ment Health Religion Cult. 2007;10(6):571-83.
[39]Desrosiers A, Miller L. Relational spirituality and depression in adolescent girls. J Clin Psychol. 2007;63(10):1021-37.
[40]Mahmoudvand M. The relationship between spirituality and students' mental health. In: The proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Children and Adolescents Psychiatry; 2013 Sep 17-19; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. [Persian]
[41]Firouzi A, Amini M, Asghari Z, Moghimi Dehkordi B. The relationship between religious belief and mental health: a study on high school students in Dargaz, Iran, 2010-2011. Health Dev J. 2013;2(2):138-48. [Persian]
[2]Hizomi H, Allahverdipour H, Safaian A. Stress and predicting factors of psychological well-being among adolescents. Toloo-e Behdasht. 2016;15(3):78-91. [Persian]
[3]Nouri N, Moeini B, Ghaleiha A, Faradmal J, Zareban I. The effect of emotional intelligence training based on social support theory on reducing perceived stress and promoting communication skills among male high school students in Hamadan. J Educ Community Health. 2017;3(4):45-51. [Persian]
[4]Kordi M, Mohammadi Rizi S, Shakeri MT, Modarres Gharavi M, Salehi Fadardi J. The relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and health behaviors in high school girl students in Mashhad in year 2011-2012. Toloo-e Behdasht. 2015;13(5):56-67. [Persian]
[5]Atadokht A, Daneshvar S, Fathi Gilarlou M, Soleimani I. The psychological distress profile of mothers and adolescents´ depression, anxiety and stress in Ardabil in 2014. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2015;14(7):549-60. [Persian]
[6]Ghanbari Afra L, Zaheri A. Relationship of anxiety, stress, and depression with spiritual health in patients with acute coronary artery disease. J Educ Community Health. 2017;4(2):28-34. [Persian]
[7]Nikanjam R, Barati M, Bashirian S, Babamiri M, Fattahi A, Soltanian A. Student-life stress level and its related factors among medical students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2015. J Educ Community Health. 2016;2(4):57-64. [Persian]
[8]Salehi B, Rouhafza HR, Kelishadi R, Doreh F. Study of environmental streaa frequency and intensity in adolescents of central area of Iran. Arak Med Univ J. 2004;7(2 ):20-7. [Persian]
[9]Shobeiri F, Taravati-Javad M, Soltani F, Karami M. Effects of progressive muscle relaxation counseling on anxiety among primigravida women referred to health care centers in Hamadan. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2(2):1-9. [Persian]
[10]Karimi N, Bahadori F, Khalkhali HR, Rabieipour S. Evaluation of anxiety and perceived stress in mothers undergoing amniocentesis. Nurs Midwifery J. 2017;15(4):292-300. [Persian]
[11]Ashoori J. The effect of neurofeedback training on anxiety and depression in students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders. J Educ Community Health. 2016;2(4):41-7. [Persian]
[12]Kheirkhah M, Mokari H, Nisani Samani L, Hosseini A. Relationship between anxiety and self-concept in female adolescents. Iran J Nurs. 2013;26(83):19-29. [Persian]
[13]Zolfaghari A, Bahrami H, Ganji K. Effect of an integrated cognitive-behavioral, acceptance, and commitment intervention on generalized anxiety disorder among university students. J Educ Community Health. 2018;4(4):32-8. [Persian]
[14]Rajabi G, Shamoni Ahwazi S, Amanollahi A. The effect of group cognitive-behavior therapy on depression symptoms decrease in adolescence girls. J Educ Psychol Stud. 2018;15(29):125-48. [Persian]
[15]Hashemian SS, Golshiri P, Najimi A, Moazemi Goudarzi A. The relationship between life skills, psychosocial abilities and depression in teenagers. J Nurs Educ. 2018;6(6):41-7. [Persian]
[16]Ashrafi Z, Ebrahimi H, Sarafha J. The relationship between hemodialysis adequacy and quality of life and spiritual wellbeing in hemodialysis patients. J Clin Nurs Midwifery. 2014;3(3):44-51. [Persian]
[17]Hassan J, Sheykhan R, Mahmoodzadeh A, Nikroo M. The role of spiritual well-being and coping strategies in risky behaviors of adolescents. J Thoughts Behav Clin Psychol. 2014;9(33):17-26. [Persian]
[18]Jafarimanesh H, Ranjbaran M, Najafi Z, Jafarimanesh M, Alibazi A. Relationship between religious orientation and spiritual health with emotional adjustment of the hospitalized adolescents. Iran J Psychiatr Nurs. 2015;3(1):1-11. [Persian]
[19]Dehghani F, Attarnia M, Alavi Langroudi SK. Prediction of body image dissatisfaction based on spiritual intelligence and socio-cultural patterns in women attending gyms in Yazd. J Educ Community Health. 2018;4(4):49-55. [Persian]
[20]Young EW. Spiritual health-an essential element in optimum health. J Ame Coll Health. 1984;32(6):273-6.
[21]Debnam KJ, Milam AJ, Mullen MM, Lacey K, Bradshaw CP. The moderating role of spirituality in the association between stress and substance use among adolescents: differences by gender. J Youth Adolesc. 2018;47(4):818-28.
[22]Wong YJ, Rew L, Slaikeu KD. A systematic review of recent research on adolescent religiosity/spirituality and mental health. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2006;27(2):161-83.
[23]Kim S, Esquivel GB. Adolescent spirituality and resilience: theory, research, and educational practices. Psychol Sch. 2011;48(7):755-65.
[24]Azhdarifard P, Ghazi G, Nooranipoor R. The impact of teaching Gnosticism and spirituality on students’ mental healt. J Mod Thoughts Educ. 2010;5(2):105-27. [Persian]
[25]Broumandzadeh N, Karimi Sani P. Determining the Effectiveness of Spiritual Skills Training On General Health and Anxiety of Female High School Students in Tabriz. J Instruct Eval. 2015;8(31):9-23.
[26]Khezri L, Bahreyni M, Ravanipour M, Mirzaei K. The relationship between spiritual wellbeing and depression or death anxiety in cancer patients in Bushehr 2015. Nurs J Vulner. 2015;2(2):15-28. [Persian]
[27]Gharehboghlou Z, Adib-Hajbagheri M, Hajimohammad Hoseini M. The relationship between spiritual well-being and depression in nursing students. Iran J Nurs. 2016;29(103):41-50. [Persian]
[28]Khadem H, Mozaffari MR, Yousefi A, Ganbari Hashemabad B. The relationship between spiritual health and mental health in students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Hist Med J. 2016;7(25):33-55. [Persian]
[29]Jafari A, Vahedian Shahroodi M. Spiritual health status and its relationship with demographic characteristics of students of Mashhad University of Medical Science. J Educ Community Health. 2019;6(4):223-9. [Persian]
[30]Nikazin A, Naeinian MR. Psychometric Properties of depression, anxiety and stress syndrome questionnaire (DASS-21) in an example of Iranian students. In: The proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Children and Adolescents Psychiatry; 2013 Sep 17-19; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. [Persian]
[31]Asghari Moghadam MA, Saed F, Dibajnia P, Zangeneh J. A preliminary validation of the depression.anxiety and stress scales (DASS) in non-clinical sample. J Clin Psychol Pers. 2008;1(31):23-38. [Persian]
[32]Imani F, Movahed K. The effectiveness of natural daylight on students’ stress reduction in educational spaces. J Technol Educ. 2018;12(2):127-33. [Persian]
[33]Neshatbini Tehrani A, Beyzaei B, Hekmatdoost, A., Salehpour A, Moloodi R, Rashidkhani B. The association of adherencr to mediterranehan dietary pattern with depression.anxiety and psychological pressure among female in Tehran. J Nutr Sci Food Technol. 2016;11(2):9-18. [Persian]
[34]Shahbazi H, Ghofranipour F, Amiri P, Rajab A. Perceptions, enablers and nurturers related to self-care behaviors in adolescent with type 1 diabetes. Iran J Endocrinol Metab. 2018;19(6):435-43. [Persian]
[35]Khalifi T, Seyedfatemi N, Mardani Hamooleh M, Haghani H. The effect of spiritual education on spiritual health of nursing students: a quasi-experimental study. Med Ethics Hist Med. 2018;11(1):152-64. [Persian]
[36]Movahhedi Y, Kariminezhad K, Hashemi Nosratabadi T, Movahedi M. The effectivenass of an educational model base on spirituality on improving the components of life quality in high school students. Psychol Religion. 2014;7(1):5-16. [Persian]
[37]Shahbazi H, Shakerinejad G, Ghajari H, Ghofranipour F, Lotfizadeh M. Relationship of spirituality and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Iran J Endocrinol Metabol. 2016;17(5):345-52. [Persian]
[38]Abdel-Khalek AM. Religiosity, happiness, health, and psychopathology in a probability sample of Muslim adolescents. Ment Health Religion Cult. 2007;10(6):571-83.
[39]Desrosiers A, Miller L. Relational spirituality and depression in adolescent girls. J Clin Psychol. 2007;63(10):1021-37.
[40]Mahmoudvand M. The relationship between spirituality and students' mental health. In: The proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Children and Adolescents Psychiatry; 2013 Sep 17-19; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. [Persian]
[41]Firouzi A, Amini M, Asghari Z, Moghimi Dehkordi B. The relationship between religious belief and mental health: a study on high school students in Dargaz, Iran, 2010-2011. Health Dev J. 2013;2(2):138-48. [Persian]