@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 1027-1457 Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine 2019;25(3):145-150
ISSN: 1027-1457 Scientific Journal of Forensic Medicine 2019;25(3):145-150
Mortality Rates Due to Substance and Stimulants Abuse in Corpses Submitted to the Forensic Medicine Organization of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province during 2013-2018
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Ghadir Zadeh M. (1)Yarinasab F. (*2)
Amini K. (2)
Nazari I. (3)
Salari A. (4)
(*2) Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Iran
(1) Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
(3) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Ahvaz International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
(4) Criminal Law & Criminology Department, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Legal Medicine Organization, Hejrat 3 Alley, Shariati Street, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Iran. Postal Code: 7591781157Phone: +98 (74) 33235412
Fax: +98 (74) 33223616
Yarinasab.f@gmail.com
Article History
Received: December 30, 2018Accepted: July 24, 2019
ePublished: September 21, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
Addiction as a social problem is a phenomenon that destroyed the ability of society to organize and maintain the order of actual affairs, and it is one of the major causes of early death. The aim of the present research was to determine the mortality rates due to substance and stimulant abuse in the deceased submitted to the forensic medicine department of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad who died due to substance abuse in 2013-2018.
Instrument & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out on all portfolios of the deceased submitted to the forensic medicine department of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, who died due to substance abuse in 2013-2018. Data were collected from the medical cases of the subjects. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software, through the descriptive statistics and chi-square test.
Findings Of the 123 studied cases, 93.5% were male and the rest were female (6.5%). Most of the deceased referred to the forensic medicine department were related to the 20-30 (37.4%) years age group, single people (54.5%), people with diploma (35.8%) and middle school certificates (32.5%), people with the freelance job (42.3%) and unemployed (26.0%). Opium (39.0%), methadone (27.6%) and tramadol (17.9%) had the highest frequency of drug use, respectively. The highest concurrent drug use was observed in opium-methadone (28.4%). There was a significant difference between opium, heroin, glass, tramadol and methadone consumables between 2013 and 2018 (p<0.05).
Conclusion The deceased are young people with low education, low income and unemployed as well as addiction to methadone and tramadol has an increasing trend over the years.
Instrument & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out on all portfolios of the deceased submitted to the forensic medicine department of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, who died due to substance abuse in 2013-2018. Data were collected from the medical cases of the subjects. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software, through the descriptive statistics and chi-square test.
Findings Of the 123 studied cases, 93.5% were male and the rest were female (6.5%). Most of the deceased referred to the forensic medicine department were related to the 20-30 (37.4%) years age group, single people (54.5%), people with diploma (35.8%) and middle school certificates (32.5%), people with the freelance job (42.3%) and unemployed (26.0%). Opium (39.0%), methadone (27.6%) and tramadol (17.9%) had the highest frequency of drug use, respectively. The highest concurrent drug use was observed in opium-methadone (28.4%). There was a significant difference between opium, heroin, glass, tramadol and methadone consumables between 2013 and 2018 (p<0.05).
Conclusion The deceased are young people with low education, low income and unemployed as well as addiction to methadone and tramadol has an increasing trend over the years.
CITATION LINKS
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[31]Shahbazi F, Mirtorabi SD, Ghadirzadeh MS, Ghoreishi MS, Hashemi Nazari S. Epidemiological study of mortality from drug abuse in bodies referred to Iranian legal medicine organization in 2013-2014. Iran J Epidemiol. 2018;14(1):9-18. [Persian]
[32]Shokrzadeh M, Zarei H, Badeli A, Jalilian J, Ebrahimi Falahtalab F, Lashkarboloki G G, et al . Epidemiology of death caused by drug abuse in Golestan province during 2010-2015. J Health. 2019;9(5):541-8. [Persian]
[33]Hojjat SK, Golmakani E, Kazemi S, Noroozi Khalili M, Lashkardoost H, Sedghi A, et al . Incidence of death due to substance abuse documented in North Khorasan forensic medicine organization in 2008-2013. J North Khorasan Univ Med Sci. 2013;5(3):565-70. [Persian]
[34]Webster LR, cochella S, Dagupta N, Fakata KL, Fine PG, Fishman SM, et al. An analysis of the root causes for opioid-related overdose death in the United States. Pain Med. 2011;12(suppl 2):S26-35.
[2]Naghib al-Sadat SR, Ghane M. The relationship between the utilization of communication technologies and the attitude toward addiction in youth. Sociol Stud Youth. 2012;2(5):113-28. [Persian]
[3]Zeinali A, Wahdat R, Eisavi M. Pre-addiction susceptibility backgrounds in recovered drug users. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2008;14(1):71-9. [Persian]
[4]Sourizaei M, Khalatbari J, Keikhayfarzaneh MM, Raisifard R. The prevention of drug abuse, methods, challenges and researches. Indian J Sci Technol. 2011;4(8):1000-3.
[5]Häkkinen M, Launiainen T, Vuori E, Ojanperä I. Comparison of fatal poisonings by prescription opioids. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;222(1-3):327-31.
[6]Degenhardt L. Global burden of disease: mental disorders and illicit drug use expert group. Illicit Drugs. 2008.
[7]Dehghani Kh, Zare A, Dehghani H, Sedghi H, Poormovahed Z. Drug abuse prevalence and risk factors in students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2010;18(3):164-9. [Persian]
[8]Ghanbari-Talab M, Fooladchang M. On the relationship of resilience and mental vitality with addiction potential among students. Res Addict. 2015;9(34):9-22.
[9]Monajati VR. Treatment of addiction. 1st Edition. Shiraz: Sea of Light; 2003. [Persian]
[10]Hatami H, Razavi SM, Eftekhar H, Majlesi F. Comprehensive book of public health. Volume 3. 1st Edition. Tehran: Arjemand Publications; 2006. p. 45-7. [Persian]
[11]Dhalla IA, Mamdani MM, Sivilotti ML, Kopp A, Qureshi O, Juurlink DN. Prescribing of opioid analgesics and related mortality before and after the introduction of long-acting oxycodone. CMAJ. 2009;181(12):891-6.
[12]Warner M, Chen LH, Makuc DM. Increase in fatal poisonings involving opioid analgesics in the United States, 1999-2006. NCHS Data Brief. 2009;(22):1-8.
[13]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers---United States 1999---2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(43):1487-92.
[14]United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Opioid overdose: preventing and reducing Opioid overdose mortality [Internet]. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; 2019 [cited 2019 Aug 23]. Available from: http://www.unodc.org/wdr2019/.
[15]Coolen P, Best S, Lima A, Sabel J, Paulozz L. Overdose deaths involving prescription opiods among medical enrollees-Washington, 2004-2007. NMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58(42):1171-5.
[16]Allahverdipour H, Farhadinasab A, Bashirian S, Mahjoob H. Pattern and inclination of adolescents towards substance abuse. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2008;15(4):35-42. [Persian]
[17]Purehsan S, Falsafinejad M, Delavar A, Farokhi N, Borjali A. Metacognitive Beliefs and Students’ Tendency toward Drug Abbuse and Cross-level Effect of School-Bounding. J Pract Clin Psychol. 2016;4(1):33-42.
[18]Valadbeigi E, Nikbakht I, Lashkari A. Tendency to drug use among high school students (case study: Marivan high schools) . Soc Welfare. 2017;17(64):237-59. [Persian]
[19]Hejazi, A, Zare GA, Zeidabadinejad MB, Shakeri MT. Epidemiologic study of deaths that related to opiate abuse in center of Khorasan legal medicine from 20 March 2004 to 20 March 2006. Med J Mashhad Univ Med Sci. 2009;52(2):101-6. [Persian]
[20]Salari A, Alikhani M, Alikhani A, Zakiei A, Jamshidi T, Farnia V. Registered mortality in Kermanshah legal medicine center due to taking drug abuse and survey demographics variables and doing autopsy on their body's. Iran J Forensic Med. 2016;21(4):255-62. [Persian]
[21]Shokrzadeh M, Yazdani Charati J, Pourhossein M, Amadeh Jouybari N. Epidemiological study of mortality rate from opioid abuse in referential bodies to Mazandaran department of forensic medicine. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014;24(115):122-7. [Persian]
[22]Mathers BM, Degenhardt L, Bucello Ch, Lemon J, Wiessing L, Hickman M. Mortality among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91(2):102-23.
[23]Paulozzi LJ, Budnitz D, Xi Y. Increasing deaths from opioid analgesics in the United States. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2006;15(9):618-27.
[24]Zarrabi H, Najafi K, Kafi M, Shirazi M. Substance use among students of Guilan University of medical science in Iranian in 2005-2006. Acta Med Iranian. 2009;47(6):473-8.
[25]Wunsch MJ, Nakamoto K, Behonick G, Massello W. Opioid deaths in rural Virginia: a description of the high prevalence of accidental fatalities involving prescribed medications. Am J Addict. 2009;18(1):5-14.
[26]Najjari F, Afshar M. Deaths due to poisoning referred to legal medicine organization of Iran. Razi J Med Sci. 2004;11(40):309-16. [Persian]
[27]Amooei M, Taremian F. 109 death due to opiume consumption who refered to Iranian forensic centers. Iran J Forensic Med. 2002;8(26):21-6. [Persian]
[28]Khalkhali SMR, Najafi K, Nazifi F. The frequency of drugs and substances use in opiate dependents. J Gilan Univ Med Sci. 2006;15(57):40-7. [Persian]
[29]Popova S, Rehm J, Patra J. Illegal drug attributable mortality and potential years of life lost in 2002: implications for prevention and policy. Contemp Drug Probl. 2006:33(3):343-66.
[30]Shahbazi F, Mirtorabi D, Ghadirzadeh MR, Hashemi-Nazari SS. Analysis of mortality rate of illicit substance abuse and its trend in five years in Iran, 2014-2018. Addict Health. 2018;10(4):260-8.
[31]Shahbazi F, Mirtorabi SD, Ghadirzadeh MS, Ghoreishi MS, Hashemi Nazari S. Epidemiological study of mortality from drug abuse in bodies referred to Iranian legal medicine organization in 2013-2014. Iran J Epidemiol. 2018;14(1):9-18. [Persian]
[32]Shokrzadeh M, Zarei H, Badeli A, Jalilian J, Ebrahimi Falahtalab F, Lashkarboloki G G, et al . Epidemiology of death caused by drug abuse in Golestan province during 2010-2015. J Health. 2019;9(5):541-8. [Persian]
[33]Hojjat SK, Golmakani E, Kazemi S, Noroozi Khalili M, Lashkardoost H, Sedghi A, et al . Incidence of death due to substance abuse documented in North Khorasan forensic medicine organization in 2008-2013. J North Khorasan Univ Med Sci. 2013;5(3):565-70. [Persian]
[34]Webster LR, cochella S, Dagupta N, Fakata KL, Fine PG, Fishman SM, et al. An analysis of the root causes for opioid-related overdose death in the United States. Pain Med. 2011;12(suppl 2):S26-35.