@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2018;24(1):35-39
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2018;24(1):35-39
Effect of Hydroalcholic Extract of Saffron on Cysts of Giardia Lamblia In Vitro
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Pouryousef A. (* )Tatari M. (1 )
Soleimani R. (2 )
(* ) Laboratory Sciences Department, Paramedicine Faculty, Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
(1 ) Basic Sciences Department, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
(2 ) Laboratory Sciences Department, Paramedicine Faculty, Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: July 12, 2017Accepted: November 15, 2017
ePublished: January 11, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
Giardia lamblia is one the most important of intestinal flagellate protozoan which in terms of medical parasitology and public health is important in Iran and many countries. Considering the resistance of parasite to chemical drugs, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of saffron hydroalcoholic extract on Giardia lamblia cyst in vitro.
Materials & Methods In this experimental study, cysts of Giardia were isolated from high-infected stool samples and concentrated by 0.85 molar sucrose. Then, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of saffron in concentrations of 1, 10, 50 and 100 mg/ml was evaluated on cyst life at different times (one minute, 2 minutes, 30 minutes, one hour, 3 hours and 24 hours). The vital staining of cysts with Eosin 0.1% was used to determine the percentage of cysts life. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software and by two-way ANOVA, multiple scales and paired t-test.
Findings Increasing the concentration of hydroalcoholic extract of saffron and also increasing the time of exposure to cysts, the mean of effect percentage of saffron extract increased gradually as compared to control group, so that the concentration of 50 and 100 mg/ml of extract after 3 and 24 hours had the highest toxicity on Giardia cyst in vitro (p<0.05).
Conclusion Hydroalcoholic extract of saffron is effective in eliminating Giardia lamblia cysts in vitro in concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/ml after 3 and 24 hours.
Materials & Methods In this experimental study, cysts of Giardia were isolated from high-infected stool samples and concentrated by 0.85 molar sucrose. Then, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of saffron in concentrations of 1, 10, 50 and 100 mg/ml was evaluated on cyst life at different times (one minute, 2 minutes, 30 minutes, one hour, 3 hours and 24 hours). The vital staining of cysts with Eosin 0.1% was used to determine the percentage of cysts life. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software and by two-way ANOVA, multiple scales and paired t-test.
Findings Increasing the concentration of hydroalcoholic extract of saffron and also increasing the time of exposure to cysts, the mean of effect percentage of saffron extract increased gradually as compared to control group, so that the concentration of 50 and 100 mg/ml of extract after 3 and 24 hours had the highest toxicity on Giardia cyst in vitro (p<0.05).
Conclusion Hydroalcoholic extract of saffron is effective in eliminating Giardia lamblia cysts in vitro in concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/ml after 3 and 24 hours.
CITATION LINKS
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[11]Melnyk JP, Wang S, Marcone MF. Chemical and biological properties of the world's most expensive spice: Saffron. Food Res Int. 2010;43(8):1981-9.
[12]Mousavi SZ, BathaieSZ. Historical uses of saffron: Identifying potential new avenues for modern research. Avicenna J Phytomedicine. 2011;1(2):57-66.
[13]Shahabi S, Ayazi Roozbehani F, Kamalinejad M, Abadi A. Anti-giardia activity of Carum copticum on Giardia lamblia cysts in vitro. Res Med. 2008;32(4):303-7.
[14]Sadjjadi SM, Rostami J, Azadbakht M. Giardiacidal activity of lemon juice, vinifer and vinegar on Giardia intestinalis cysts. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2006;37(Suppl 3):24-7.
[15]Organization WH. Informal consultation on intestinal protozoal infections. México, DF: Pan American Health Organization; 1992.
[16]Hill DR, Pohl R, Pearson RD. Giardia lamblia: A culture method for determining parasite viability. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1986;35(6): 1129-33.
[17]Efferth T. Willmar schwabe award 2006: Antiplasmodial and antitumor activity of artemisinin--from bench to bedside. Planta Med. 2007;73(4):299-309.
[18]Farsangi M. Killing effect of Zataria multiflora on cysts of Giardia lamblia in vitro. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;4(1):88-95.
[19]Kim JT, Park JY, Seo HS, Oh HG, Noh JW, Kim JH, et al. In vitro antiprotozoal effects of artemisinin on Neospora caninum. Vet Parasitol. 2002;103(1-2):53-63.
[20]Rahimi-Esboei B, Gholami Sh, Azadbakht M, Ziaei H. Effect of Hydroalcholic extract of Artemisia annua on cysts of Giardia lamblia in Invitro. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2012;22(90):71-80. [Persian]
[21]Rezaiemanesh MR, Shirbazou Sh. In-vitro giardicidal effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Asafoetida on Giardia lamblia cyst. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2012;19(1):22-33. [Persian]
[2]Edrisian G, et al. Medical protozoalogy. Vol. 1. Tehran: University of sciences; 2008.
[3]Lane S, Lloyd D. Current trends in research into the waterborne parasite Giardia. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2002;28(2):123-47.
[4]Savioli L, Smith H, Thompson A. Giardia and Cryptosporidium join the ‘neglected diseases initiative’. Trends Parasitol. 2006;22(5):203-8.
[5]Gholami Sh, Ziai H, Sharif M, Mohammadpour Tahamtan RA, Kyanyan H, Mobdi I. Intestinal Protozoan Infections in cattle breeders in rural regions of Mazandaran province in 2003. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2005;15(45):51-60. [Persian]
[6]Babaei Z, Oormazdi H, Akhlaghi L, Rezaie S, Razmjou E, Soltani-Arabshahi SK, et al. Molecular characterization of the Iranian isolates of Giardia lamblia: Application of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene. Iran J Publ Health. 2008;37(2):75-82. [Persian]
[7]Sharif M, Ziaei H, Azadbakht M, Gholami Sh, Khalilian AR. Relationship between Giardiasis an amount of Zinc, Iron elements in babies below 12 years old. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci. 2004;6(14):87-91. [Persian]
[8]Azadbakht M, Azadbakht M. Five prevalent antiprotozoal herbal drugs. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2008;18(67):118-32. [Persian]
[9]Hellgren U, Ericsson O, AdenAbdi Y, Gustafsson LL. Handbook of drugs for tropical parasitic infections. 2nd edition. Florida: CRC Press;1995.
[10]Harris JC, Plummer S, Lloyd D. Antigiardial drugs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001;57(5-6):614-9.
[11]Melnyk JP, Wang S, Marcone MF. Chemical and biological properties of the world's most expensive spice: Saffron. Food Res Int. 2010;43(8):1981-9.
[12]Mousavi SZ, BathaieSZ. Historical uses of saffron: Identifying potential new avenues for modern research. Avicenna J Phytomedicine. 2011;1(2):57-66.
[13]Shahabi S, Ayazi Roozbehani F, Kamalinejad M, Abadi A. Anti-giardia activity of Carum copticum on Giardia lamblia cysts in vitro. Res Med. 2008;32(4):303-7.
[14]Sadjjadi SM, Rostami J, Azadbakht M. Giardiacidal activity of lemon juice, vinifer and vinegar on Giardia intestinalis cysts. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2006;37(Suppl 3):24-7.
[15]Organization WH. Informal consultation on intestinal protozoal infections. México, DF: Pan American Health Organization; 1992.
[16]Hill DR, Pohl R, Pearson RD. Giardia lamblia: A culture method for determining parasite viability. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1986;35(6): 1129-33.
[17]Efferth T. Willmar schwabe award 2006: Antiplasmodial and antitumor activity of artemisinin--from bench to bedside. Planta Med. 2007;73(4):299-309.
[18]Farsangi M. Killing effect of Zataria multiflora on cysts of Giardia lamblia in vitro. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;4(1):88-95.
[19]Kim JT, Park JY, Seo HS, Oh HG, Noh JW, Kim JH, et al. In vitro antiprotozoal effects of artemisinin on Neospora caninum. Vet Parasitol. 2002;103(1-2):53-63.
[20]Rahimi-Esboei B, Gholami Sh, Azadbakht M, Ziaei H. Effect of Hydroalcholic extract of Artemisia annua on cysts of Giardia lamblia in Invitro. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2012;22(90):71-80. [Persian]
[21]Rezaiemanesh MR, Shirbazou Sh. In-vitro giardicidal effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Asafoetida on Giardia lamblia cyst. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2012;19(1):22-33. [Persian]