@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2251-8215 Sarem Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2019;3(2):65-69
ISSN: 2251-8215 Sarem Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2019;3(2):65-69
Seroepidemiological Study of Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Varicella zoster in Women; Case Study of Sarem Women’s Hospital
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Roomande N. (1)Saremi A. (2)
Pooladi A. (3)
Zare A. (*2)
(1) Department of Immunology, Sarem Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran
(2) Sarem Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran
(3) Department of Genetic, Sarem Fertility & Infertility Research Center, Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Sarem Women's Hospital, End of Phase 3, Ekbatan Town, Tehran, IranPhone: +98 (21) 66470888
Fax: +98 (21) 44670885
ahadzr@gmail.com
Article History
Received: October 30, 2017Accepted: April 5, 2018
ePublished: June 15, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
Mother-to-child transmission of Toxoplasma (Toxo), Rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) can lead to severe birth defects and even the death of the infant. Therefore, the evaluation of women's immunity in childbearing age is necessary for vaccination and to prevent these infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, and VZV in women.
Materials & Methods The present study is a routine database study. The results of pre-pregnancy tests were recorded and analyzed in the second half of 1995 in Sarem Women’s Hospital.
Findings Toxo IgM tests were negative in 972 (99.7%) patients and only 0.3% were positive. Toxo IgG tests were negative in 97% of subjects and 3% of them. Rubella IgG test was positive in 757 cases (86.5%) and negative in 118 cases (13.5%). Rubella IgM tests were negative in all subjects who performed the test. CMV IgM tests were negative in 99.8% and only 0.2% were positive. The IgG CMV test was positive in 86.8% of patients. VZV IgM was reported in all negative cases, but VZV IgG was positive in 98.5% and negative in 1.5%. The mean age of positive cases versus negative cases except Toxo IgG did not show any significant difference (p>0/05).
Conclusion 99.7% of women were seronegative for Toxo IgM, 99.8% for CMV IgM and all of them for Rubella IgM and VZV IgM. Also, 97% of the patients were seropositive for Toxo IgG, 86.5% for Rubella IgG, 86.8% for the CMV IgG test and 98.5% for the VZV IgG test.
Materials & Methods The present study is a routine database study. The results of pre-pregnancy tests were recorded and analyzed in the second half of 1995 in Sarem Women’s Hospital.
Findings Toxo IgM tests were negative in 972 (99.7%) patients and only 0.3% were positive. Toxo IgG tests were negative in 97% of subjects and 3% of them. Rubella IgG test was positive in 757 cases (86.5%) and negative in 118 cases (13.5%). Rubella IgM tests were negative in all subjects who performed the test. CMV IgM tests were negative in 99.8% and only 0.2% were positive. The IgG CMV test was positive in 86.8% of patients. VZV IgM was reported in all negative cases, but VZV IgG was positive in 98.5% and negative in 1.5%. The mean age of positive cases versus negative cases except Toxo IgG did not show any significant difference (p>0/05).
Conclusion 99.7% of women were seronegative for Toxo IgM, 99.8% for CMV IgM and all of them for Rubella IgM and VZV IgM. Also, 97% of the patients were seropositive for Toxo IgG, 86.5% for Rubella IgG, 86.8% for the CMV IgG test and 98.5% for the VZV IgG test.
CITATION LINKS
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[17] Hamdan HZ, Abdelbagi IE, Nasser NM, Adam I. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus and rubella among pregnant women in western Sudan. Virol J. 2011;8(1):217.
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[19]Calimeri S, Capua A, La Fauci V, Squeri R, Grillo OC, Giudice DL. Prevalence of serum anti-rubella virus antibodies among pregnant women in southern Italy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2012;116(3):211-3.
[20]Best JM, O'Shea S, Tipples G, Davies N, Al-Khusaiby SM, Krause A, et al. Interpretation of rubella serology in pregnancy--pitfalls and problems. British Med J. 2002;325(7356):147-8.
[21]Jumaian NF. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women in Jordan. East Mediterr Health J. 2005;11(1-2):45-51.
[22] Rajaii M, Pourhassan A, Asle-Rahnamaie-Akbari N, Aghebati L, Xie JL, Goldust M, et al. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in childbearing women of Northwest Iran. Infez Med. 2013;21(3):194-200.
[23] Mohaghegh MA, Yazdani H, Hadipour M, Namdar F, Azami M, Kalani H, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Patients Admitted to Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2015;27(4):767-70.
[24] Mohammadi A, Shojaee S, Salimi M, Zareei M, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H. Seroepidemiological Study of Toxoplasmosis in Women Referred to Arak Marriage Consulting Center during 2012-2013. Iran J Public Health. 2015;44(5):654-8.
[25] Saki J, Mohammadpour N, Moramezi F, Khademvatan S. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in women who have aborted in comparison with the women with normal delivery in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Sci World J. 2015;2015:764369.
[26] Chakravarty A, Kashyap B, Rathi K. The seroepidemiological study on cytomegalovirus in women of child-bearing age with special reference to pregnancy and maternal-fetal transmission. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2005;48(4):518-21.
[27] Tabatabaee M, Tayyebi D. Seroepidemiologic study of human cytomegalovirus in pregnant women in Valiasr Hospital of Kazeroon, Fars, Iran. J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22(6):517-21.
[28]Sauerbrei A, Prager J, Bischoff A, Wutzler P. Antibodies against vaccine-preventable diseases in pregnant women and their offspring; Measles, mumps, rubella, poliomyelitis, and varicella. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz. 2004;47(1):10-5.
[29]Dayan GH, Panero MS, Debbag R, Urquiza A, Molina M, Prieto S, et al. Varicella seroprevalence and molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus in Argentina, 2002. J clin microbiol. 2004;42(12):5698-704.
[30]Azarkar Z, Afshar M, Hoseini SM. Evaluation of anti-rubella antibody in women of reproductive age referring to Birjand health center in 2001-2002. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2004;12(4):61-4.
[2]Alanen A, Kahala K, Vahlberg T, Koskela P, Vainionpaa R. Seroprevalence, incidence of prenatal infections and reliability of maternal history of varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and parvovirus B19 infection in South-Western Finland. British J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;112(1):50-6.
[3]Halonen SK, Weiss LM. Toxoplasmosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;114:125-45.
[4]Cenci-Goga BT, Rossitto PV, Sechi P, McCrindle CM, Cullor JS. Toxoplasma in animals, food, and humans: an old parasite of new concern. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2011;8(7):751-62.
[5]Goldstein EJ, Montoya JG, Remington JS. Management of Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47(4):554-66.
[6]Robert-Gangneux F, Murat JB, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Gangneux JP, Pelloux H. The placenta: a main role in congenital toxoplasmosis? Trends Parasitol. 2011;27(12):530-6.
[7]Dabritz HA, Conrad PA. Cats and Toxoplasma: implications for public health. Zoonoses Public Health. 2010;57(1):34-52.
[8]Wang T, Liu M, Gao XJ, Zhao ZJ, Chen XG, Lun ZR. Toxoplasma gondii: the effects of infection at different stages of pregnancy on the offspring of mice. Exp Parasitol. 2011;127(1):107-12.
[9]Bessieres MH, Berrebi A, Cassaing S, Fillaux J, Cambus JP, Berry A, et al. Diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: prenatal and neonatal evaluation of methods used in Toulouse University Hospital and incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009;104(2):389-92.
[10]Scott LL, Hollier LM, Dias K. Perinatal herpesvirus infections: herpes simplex, varicella and cytomegalovirus. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1997;11(1):27-53.
[11]Yinon Y, Farine D, Yudin MH. Screening, diagnosis and management of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecolo Surv. 2010;65(11):736-43.
[12]Daley AJ, Thorpe S, Garland SM. Varicella and the pregnant woman: prevention and management. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;48(1):26-33.
[13]Heininger U, Seward JF. Varicella. Lancet. 2006;368(9544):1365-76.
[14] Field N, Amirthalingam G, Waight P, Andrews N, Ladhani SN, van Hoek AJ, et al. Validity of a reported history of chickenpox in targeting varicella vaccination at susceptible adolescents in England. Vaccine. 2014;32(10):1213-7.
[15]Kodur VV, Hegde DG. Congenital varicella syndrome. Indian pediatr. 2016;53(3):269.
[16]Maple PC, Gray J, Brown K, Brown D. Performance characteristics of a quantitative, standardised varicella zoster IgG time resolved fluorescence immunoassay (VZV TRFIA) for measuring antibody following natural infection. J Virol methods. 2009;157(1):90-2.
[17] Hamdan HZ, Abdelbagi IE, Nasser NM, Adam I. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus and rubella among pregnant women in western Sudan. Virol J. 2011;8(1):217.
[18] Uyar Y, Balci A, Akcali A, Cabar C. Prevalence of rubella and cytomegalovirus antibodies among pregnant women in northern Turkey. New Microbiol. 2008;31(4):451-5.
[19]Calimeri S, Capua A, La Fauci V, Squeri R, Grillo OC, Giudice DL. Prevalence of serum anti-rubella virus antibodies among pregnant women in southern Italy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2012;116(3):211-3.
[20]Best JM, O'Shea S, Tipples G, Davies N, Al-Khusaiby SM, Krause A, et al. Interpretation of rubella serology in pregnancy--pitfalls and problems. British Med J. 2002;325(7356):147-8.
[21]Jumaian NF. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women in Jordan. East Mediterr Health J. 2005;11(1-2):45-51.
[22] Rajaii M, Pourhassan A, Asle-Rahnamaie-Akbari N, Aghebati L, Xie JL, Goldust M, et al. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in childbearing women of Northwest Iran. Infez Med. 2013;21(3):194-200.
[23] Mohaghegh MA, Yazdani H, Hadipour M, Namdar F, Azami M, Kalani H, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Patients Admitted to Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2015;27(4):767-70.
[24] Mohammadi A, Shojaee S, Salimi M, Zareei M, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H. Seroepidemiological Study of Toxoplasmosis in Women Referred to Arak Marriage Consulting Center during 2012-2013. Iran J Public Health. 2015;44(5):654-8.
[25] Saki J, Mohammadpour N, Moramezi F, Khademvatan S. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in women who have aborted in comparison with the women with normal delivery in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Sci World J. 2015;2015:764369.
[26] Chakravarty A, Kashyap B, Rathi K. The seroepidemiological study on cytomegalovirus in women of child-bearing age with special reference to pregnancy and maternal-fetal transmission. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2005;48(4):518-21.
[27] Tabatabaee M, Tayyebi D. Seroepidemiologic study of human cytomegalovirus in pregnant women in Valiasr Hospital of Kazeroon, Fars, Iran. J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22(6):517-21.
[28]Sauerbrei A, Prager J, Bischoff A, Wutzler P. Antibodies against vaccine-preventable diseases in pregnant women and their offspring; Measles, mumps, rubella, poliomyelitis, and varicella. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz. 2004;47(1):10-5.
[29]Dayan GH, Panero MS, Debbag R, Urquiza A, Molina M, Prieto S, et al. Varicella seroprevalence and molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus in Argentina, 2002. J clin microbiol. 2004;42(12):5698-704.
[30]Azarkar Z, Afshar M, Hoseini SM. Evaluation of anti-rubella antibody in women of reproductive age referring to Birjand health center in 2001-2002. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2004;12(4):61-4.