@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2019;6(3):169-176
ISSN: 2383-2150 Journal of Education and Community Health 2019;6(3):169-176
Factors Affecting the Intention to Choose the Natural vaginal delivery based on the Theory of Planned Behavior among Primigravidae
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Yaghobi Z. (1)Mohaddes Hakkak H. (*2)
Tavakoli Ghoochani H. (2)
Joveini H. (1)
Maheri M. (3)
Taherpour M. (4)
Hosseini S.H. (5)
(1) Health Education & Health Promotion Department, Public Health Faculty, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
(2) Health Education & Health Promotion Department, Public Health Faculty, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
(3) “Reproductive Health Research Center” and “Public Health Department, Health Faculty”, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
(4) Biostatistics Department, Public Health Faculty, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
(5) “Carrier Transmitted Disease Research Center”,“Health Education & Health Promotion Department, Public Health Faculty”, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Health Education & Health Promotion Department, Public Health Faculty, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.Phone: +98 (58) 32240571
Fax: +98 (58) 32247281
mohaddes76@gmail.com
Article History
Received: February 18, 2019Accepted: April 7, 2019
ePublished: September 21, 2019
ABSTRACT
Aims
In the recent years, with regard to the uncontrolled growth of cesarean section (C-section) and the emphasis on increasing the indicator of Natural vaginal delivery (NVD) in Iran's Health System Transformation Plan, identifying the individual and social factors affecting this indicator have been necessary. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effective factors with the intention of choosing NVD based on the theory of planned behavior among primigravidae in Neyshabour city.
Instrument & Methods This cross-sectional study is descriptive-analytical research. It was done on 340 primigravidae with the age of 18-35 years old women referred to comprehensive urban health care centers of Neyshabour city, in 2018. Sampling was done by the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The information gathering tool included two parts. The first part of the study was demographic information and the second part was a researcher-made questionnaire based on direct and indirect constructs of the theory of planned behavior. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software using Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression tests.
Findings 44.6% of the participants had the intention of performing C-section, 38.3% NVD, and 17.0% had no comment regarding the type of delivery intention. Four constructs; perceived behavioral control (β=0.224), attitude (β=0.199) and evaluation of behavioral outcomes (β=0.180), and normative beliefs (β=0.159) showed the highest positive and significant predictive value for NVD, respectively (p=0.001). The constructs of planned theory of behavior predicted 28.7% of the variance of NVD in pregnant women.
Conclusion The theory of planned behavior is suitable and useful for identifying the factors influencing the intention to perform NVD as well as designing and implementing educational interventions aimed at promoting NVD.
Instrument & Methods This cross-sectional study is descriptive-analytical research. It was done on 340 primigravidae with the age of 18-35 years old women referred to comprehensive urban health care centers of Neyshabour city, in 2018. Sampling was done by the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The information gathering tool included two parts. The first part of the study was demographic information and the second part was a researcher-made questionnaire based on direct and indirect constructs of the theory of planned behavior. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software using Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression tests.
Findings 44.6% of the participants had the intention of performing C-section, 38.3% NVD, and 17.0% had no comment regarding the type of delivery intention. Four constructs; perceived behavioral control (β=0.224), attitude (β=0.199) and evaluation of behavioral outcomes (β=0.180), and normative beliefs (β=0.159) showed the highest positive and significant predictive value for NVD, respectively (p=0.001). The constructs of planned theory of behavior predicted 28.7% of the variance of NVD in pregnant women.
Conclusion The theory of planned behavior is suitable and useful for identifying the factors influencing the intention to perform NVD as well as designing and implementing educational interventions aimed at promoting NVD.
CITATION LINKS
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[38]Abdolkarimy M, Zareipour M, Mahmoodi H, Rezaei Moradali M, Movahed E, Alinejad M. Prediction of delivery type based on the theory of planned behaviors. Nurs Vulnerables. 2016;3(7):47-58. [Persian]
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[2]Shahraki Sanavi F, Navidian A, Rakhshani F, Ansari-Moghaddam A. The effect of education on base the theory of planned behavior toward normal delivery in pregnant women with intention elective cesarean. Med J Hormozgan Univ. 2014;17(6):531-9. [Persian]
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[4]Ji H, Jiang H, Yang L, Qian X, Tang S. Factors contributing to the rapid rise of caesarean section: a prospective study of primiparous Chinese women in Shanghai. BMJ Open. 2015;5(11):1-9.
[5]Yilmaz SD, Bal MD, Beji NK, Uludag S. Women’s preferences of method of delivery and influencing factors. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013;15(8):683-9.
[6]Montoya-Williams D, Lemas DJ, Spiryda L, Patel K, Neu J, Carson TL. What are optimal cesarean section rates in the U.S. and how do we get there? a review of evidence-based recommendations and interventions. J Womens Health. 2017;26(12):1285-91.
[7]Dadipoor S, Aghamolaei T, Ramezankhani A, Safari Moradabadi A. Comparison of health belief model constructs based on birth type among primiparous pregnant women in Bandar Abbas, Iran. J Educ Community Health. 2017;4(1):59-65. [Persian]
[8]Liu NH, Mazzoni A, Zamberlin N, Colomar M, Chang OH, Arnaud L, et al. Preferences for mode of delivery in nulliparous Argentinean women: a qualitative study. Reprod Health. 2013;10(1):2.
[9]Piroozi B, Moradi G, Esmailnasab N, Ghasri H, Farshadi S, Farhadifar F. Evaluating the effect of health sector evolution plan on cesarean rate and the average costs paid by mothers: A case study in Kurdistan province between 2013-2015. J Hayat. 2016;22(3):245-54. [Persian]
[10]Rezaei M, Dakhesh S, Fazli H. Comparison of frequency of cesarean section and its causes before and after implementation of the health system reform plan in Jahrom, Iran. Pars J Med Sci. 2017;15(4):36-45. [Persian]
[11]Hamzekhani M, Hamidzade A, Vasegh Rahimparvar SF, Montazeri AS. Effect of computerized educational program on self-efficacy of pregnant women to cope with childbirth. J Knowledge Health. 2014 ;9(1):13-20. [Persian]
[12]Saccone G, Caissutti C, Ciardulli A, Berghella V. Uterine massage for preventing postpartum hemorrhage at cesarean delivery: Which evidence? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2018; 223:64-7.
[13]Rahmati Najarkolaei F , Eshraghi T , Dopeykar N , Zamani O. Determinants of delivery type selection by using theory of planned behaviors (TPB). J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2015;12(12):1062-70. [Persian]
[14]Carvalho FA, Tenorio SB. Comparative study between doses of intrathecal morphine for analgesia after caesarean. Braz J Anesthesiol .2013;63(6):492-9.
[15]Sammour RN, Ohel G, Cohen M, Gonen R. Oral naproxen versus oral tramadol for analgesia after cesarean delivery. Int J Gynecol Obstet .2011;113(2):144-7.
[16]Karimy M, Niknami S, Hidarnia AR, Hajizadeh I Intention to start cigarette smoking among Iranian male adolescents: usefulness of an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour. Heart Asia.2012;4(1):120-4.
[17]Mohammaditabar S, Rahnama P, Mohammadi K. Cesarean section on maternal request in Tehran 2010-2011: incidence and predisposing factors. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014;24(114):74-82. [Persian]
[18]Rahimi T, Dehdari T, Faryabi R, Ghazvinian L. The applicability of the theory of planned-behavior in predicting the intention to exclusive breast-feeding among pregnant women in Qom in 2014. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2015;14(4):299-310. [Persian]
[19]Zakerihamidi M, Roudsari RL, Khoei EM, Kazemnejad A. Decision-making for vaginal delivery in the North of Iran: A focused ethnography. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014;19(7 Suppl 1):S37-44.
[20]Latifnejad Roudsari R, Zakeri Hamidi M, Merghati Khoei E, Kazemnejad A. Comparing the cultural beliefs related to mode of delivery among pregnant women and women with childbirth experiences as vaginal delivery or cesarean section (Tonekabon, 2014). J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2015;24(120):54-68. [Persian]
[21]McGrath P, Phillips E, Vaughan G. Vaginal birth after caesarean risk decision‐making: Australian findings on the mothers' perspective. Int J Nurs Pract .2010;16(3):274-81.
[22]Kasai KE, Nomura RM, Benute GR, de Lucia MC, Zugaib M. Women's opinions about mode of birth in Brazil: a qualitative study in a public teaching hospital. Midwifery 2010;26(3):319-26.
[23]Roostai Shalmaii M, Rakhshani F, Ramezankhani A, Soori H. Effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on preventive behaviors of aggression. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2016;4(1):39-46. [Persian]
[24]Javadzade H, Sharifirad G, Reisi M, Nasr Esfahani M, Mahaki B, Mostafavi F. Applying the theory of planned behavior to predicting nurse’s intention and behavior in using health literacy strategies in patient education. Iran J Nurs. 2015;28(97):23-33. [Persian]
[25]Hosseini F, Farshidi H, Aghamolaei T, Madani A, Ghanbarnejad A. The impact of an educational intervention based on PRECEDE - PROCEED model on lifestyle changes among hypertension patients. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2014;2(1):17-27. [Persian]
[26]Vafaei Najar A, Masihabadi M, Moshki M, Ebrahimipour H, Tehrani H, Esmaili H, et al. Determining the theory of planned behavior's predictive power on adolescents' dependence on computer games. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2015;2(4):303-11. [Persian]
[27]Kanani S, Allahverdipour H, AsghariJafarabadi M. Modeling the intention to choose natural vaginal delivery: using reasoned action and social cognitive theories. Health Promot Perspect. 2015;5(1):24-33.
[28]Moeini B, Allahverdipour H, Mahjoub H, Bashirian S. Evaluation of beliefs, behavioral intention and predictive of cesarean section from the perspective of pregnant women in Hamedan. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2011;14(3):37-44. [Persian]
[29]Hamilton K, Daniels L, White KM, Murray N, Walsh A. Predicting mothers' decisions to introduce complementary feeding at 6 months. An investigation using an extended theory of planned behavior. Appetite .2011;56(3):674-81.
[30]Saisto T, Halmesmaki E. Fear of child birth: a neglected dilemma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003;82(3):201-8.
[31]Ashoogh M, Aghamolaei T, Ghanbarnejad A, Tajvar A. Utilizing the theory of planned behavior to Prediction the safety driving behaviors in truck drivers in Bandar Abbas 1392. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2013;1(3):5-14. [Persian]
[32]Yosefvand M, Khorsandi M, Roozbahani N, Ranjbaran M. Affecting factors fear of childbirth based on the theory of planned behavior in pregnant women in Aleshstar in 2015. Avicenna J Nurs Midwifery care. 2017;25(4):114-20. [Persian]
[33]Araban M, Karimy M, Taher M, Bayati S, Bakhtiari A, Abrehdari H, et al . Predictors of tobacco use among medical students of Ahvaz University: a study based on theory of planned behavior. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2(1):10-8. [Persian]
[34]Karimy M, Niknami S, Heidarnia AR, Hajizadeh I, Montazeri A. Prevalence and determinants of male adolescents’ smoking in Iran: An explana-tion based on the theory of planned behavior. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013;15(3):187-93.
[35]Karimy M, Niknami S, Heidarnia AR, Hajizadeh I. Measuring constructs of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) regarding cigarette use among adolescents. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci .2013;16(8):617-25. [Persian]
[36]Rahnama P, Mohammadi K. Behavioral beliefs about cesarean section according to the theory of planned behavior in pregnant women. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2015;24(122):169-78. [Persian]
[37]Armitage CJ. Can the theory of planned behavior predict the maintenance of physical activity? Health Psychol. 2005;24(3):235-45.
[38]Abdolkarimy M, Zareipour M, Mahmoodi H, Rezaei Moradali M, Movahed E, Alinejad M. Prediction of delivery type based on the theory of planned behaviors. Nurs Vulnerables. 2016;3(7):47-58. [Persian]
[39]Francis J, Eccles MP, Johnston M, Walker AE, Grimshaw JM, Foy R, et al. Constructing questionnaires based on the theory of planned behaviour: a manual for health services researchers. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Centre for Health Services Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne; 2004.
[40]Maleki M, Mousavizadeh A, Parhizkar S, Shamsi M. Promotion of normal vaginal delivery among primigravidae: an application of social marketing in the field of health. J Sch Public Health Inst Public Health Res. 2017;15 (2):110-20. [Persian]
[41]Yarandi F, Rezaei Z, Eftekhar Z, Saadat H, Ansari Jafari M. The knowledge and attitude of pregnant women about delivery methods in health centers in Tehran. J Guilan Univ Med Sci. 2002;11(42):15-20. [Persian]
[42]Ghaffari M, Sharifirad G, Akbari Z, Khorsandi M, Hassanzadeh A. Health belief model-based education & reduction of cesarean among pregnant women: An interventional study. Health Syst Res. 2011;7(2):200-8.
[43]Tofighi Niaki M, Behmanesh F, Mashmuli F, Azimi H. The effect of prenatal group education on knowledge, attitude and selection of delivery type in primiparous women. Iran J Med Educ. 2010;10(2):124-30. [Persian]
[44]Movahed M, Enayat H, Ghaffarinasab E, Alborzi S, Mozafari R. Related factors to choose cesarean rather than normal delivery among Shirazian pregnant women. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2012;2(2):78-83. [Persian]
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