@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2018;24(1):67-72
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2018;24(1):67-72
Comparison of Glucose Levels of the First and Second Fingertip Blood Drops in Edematous Diabetic Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (Point Of Care Method)
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Mehdizadeh Torghadar S.M. (1 )Soltani M. (* )
Samargandian S. (2 )
Zarban A. (3 )
Ebrahimzadeh S. (1 )
(* ) Anesthesia Department, Paramedical Faculty, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
(1 ) Nursing Department, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
(2 ) Physiology Department, Medical Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
(3 ) Biochemestry Department, Medical Faculty, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: March 8, 2017Accepted: December 9, 2017
ePublished: January 11, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
Based on the principles of physiology, the blood used in the system of point of care is the capillary blood that its biochemical contents are in equilibrium with the mediastinum fluid. In edematous diabetic patients, the first and second blood drops of the stick place are apparently different. In the clinical centers of the country, the first drop is used as a blood glucose test using point of care method. The aim of this study was to compare the level of glucose through first and second fingertip blood and venous blood samples of edematous diabetic patients in stroke intensive care units.
Instruments & Methods In this cross sectional, analytical descriptive study, 103 edematous diabetic patients were selected via available sampling method. The subjects were hospitalized in stroke ICU Qaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran in 2012. Glucometry was performed, using first and second capillary blood drops and standard venous sample simultaneously. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software, using repeated meature ANOVA, paired t-test, and Bland–Altman plot.
Findings There was no significant difference in glucose levels in the first and second fingertip blood drops (p=0.257), while there was a significant difference between glucose levels in the first and second fingertip blood drops with standard venous sample (p<0.05). There was also a significant correlation between 2 drops in expression of glucometry results.
Conclusion The first or second fingertip blood drops have similar glucose test results.
Instruments & Methods In this cross sectional, analytical descriptive study, 103 edematous diabetic patients were selected via available sampling method. The subjects were hospitalized in stroke ICU Qaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran in 2012. Glucometry was performed, using first and second capillary blood drops and standard venous sample simultaneously. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software, using repeated meature ANOVA, paired t-test, and Bland–Altman plot.
Findings There was no significant difference in glucose levels in the first and second fingertip blood drops (p=0.257), while there was a significant difference between glucose levels in the first and second fingertip blood drops with standard venous sample (p<0.05). There was also a significant correlation between 2 drops in expression of glucometry results.
Conclusion The first or second fingertip blood drops have similar glucose test results.
CITATION LINKS
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[25]Akinbami F, Segal S, Schnipper JL, Stopfkuchen-Evans M, Mills J, Rogers SO JR. Tale of two sites: Capillary versus arterial blood glucose testing in the operating room. Am J Surg. 2012;203(4):423-7.
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[29]Lee W, Ku SK, Lee D, Lee T, Bae JS. Emodin-6-O-β-D--glucoside inhibits high-glucose-induced vascular inflammation. Inflammation. 2014;37(2):306-13.
[2]Papadimos TJ, Hensley SJ, Duggan JM, Khuder SA, Borst MJ, Fath JJ, et al. Implementation of the “FASTHUG” concept decreases the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a surgical intensive care unit. Patient Saf Surg. 2008;2:3.
[3]Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F, Schetz M, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(19):1359-67.
[4]NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, Blair D, Foster D, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(13):1283-97.
[5]Malekzadeh JM. The effect of heparin density in blood sarpling on the results of arterial blood gases. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci. 2004;12(2):14-9. [Persian]
[6]Richard A. McPherson. Henry's clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. Mohamadnejad Darogh J, Nejavand S, Khoshdel A, Bakhtyar S, Rakhshan M, translators. Tehran: Andesheye Rafi Publishing; 2007. [Persian]
[7]Androo GK. Diabetes disease. Afkhami Ardakani M, Shojaoddini Ardakani, translators. Yazd: Teb Gostar; 2006. [Persian]
[8]Kost GJ, Tran NK, Louie RF, Gentile NL, Abad VJ. Assessing the performance of handheld glucose testing for critical care. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2008;10(6):445-51.
[9]Joseph JI, Hipszer B, Mraovic B, Chervoneva I, Joseph M, Grunwald Z. Clinical need for continuous glucose monitoring in the hospital. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(6):1309-18.
[10]Barret KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, Heddwen B. Ganong's review of medical physiology. 23rd edition. Badalzadeh R, Ghasemi K, Rastegar Farajzadeh A, translators. Tehran: Jahan Adeb; 2011. [Persian]
[11]Ginsberg BH. Factors affecting blood glucose monitoring: Sources of errors in measurement. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(4):903-13.
[12]Black JM, Hawks JH. Medical surgical nursing clinical management for positive outcome. Rejah N, Moshtag Z, translators. Tehran: Jame negar Salemi; 2010. [Persian]
[13]Lacherade JC, Jacqueminet S, Preiser JC. An overview of hypoglycemia in the critically ill. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(6):1242-9.
[14]Wang J, Zgibor J, Matthews JT, Charron-Prochownik D, Sereika SM, Siminerio L. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is associated with problem-solving skills in hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Diabetes Educ. 2012;38(2):207-18.
[15]Kovalaske MA, Gandhi GY. Glycemic control in the medical intensive care unit. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2009;3(6):1330-41.
[16]Mann EA, Mora AG, Pidcoke HF, Wolf SE, Wade CE. Glycemic control in the burn intensive care unit: Focus on the role of anemia in glucose measurement. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(6):1319-29.
[17]Colagiuri S, Sandbaek A, Carstensen B, Christensen J, Glumer C, Lauritzen T, et al. Comparability of venous and capillary glucose measurements in blood. Diabet Med. 2003;20(11):953-6.
[18]Foss Freitas MC, de Andrade RC, Figueiredo RC, Pace AE, Martinez EZ, Dal Fabro AL, et al. Comparison of venous plasma glycemia and capillary glycemia for the screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Japanese-Brazilian community of Mombuca (Guatapará-SP). Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2010;2:6.
[19]Miller RD, Pardo M, Stoelting RK. Basic of anesthesia. Saadat Nayaki A, Abtahi D, Kamali F, Mahdavi NS, Rastgarfarajzadeh A, translators. Tehran: Andesheh Rafe; 2012. [Persian]
[20]Critchell CD, Savarese V, Callahan A, Aboud C, Jabbour S, Marik P. Accuracy of bedside capillary blood glucose measurements in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33(12):2079-84.
[21]Denfeld QE, Goodell TT, Stafford KN, Kazmierczak S. Precision and accuracy: Comparison of point-of-care and laboratory glucose concentrations in cardiothoracic surgery patients. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2011;26(6):512-8.
[22]Feng T, Cao XY. Evaluation of accuracy and influence factors of bedside blood glucose monitoring in critically ill patients. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2012;24(8):482-6.
[23]Tonyushkina K, Nichols JH. Glucose meters: A review of technical challenges to obtaining accurate results. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(4):971-80.
[24]Nasiri R, Firoozi H, Farhadi R, Mousavi SJ, Mostashreg A, Ghasemi F. Diagnostic value of glucometer in neonatal hypoglycemia. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2016;26(136):63-72.
[25]Akinbami F, Segal S, Schnipper JL, Stopfkuchen-Evans M, Mills J, Rogers SO JR. Tale of two sites: Capillary versus arterial blood glucose testing in the operating room. Am J Surg. 2012;203(4):423-7.
[26]Boyd R, Leigh B, Stuart P. Capillary versus venous bedside blood glucose estimations. Emerg Med J. 2005;22(3):177-9.
[27]Leelarathna L, English SW, Thabit H, Caldwell K, Allen JM, Kumareswaran K, et al. Accuracy of subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring in critically ill adults: Improved sensor performance with enhanced calibrations. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2014;16(2):97-101.
[28]Guyton A, Hall J. Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. 12th edition. Shadan F, Imani A, Parvi M, Riyahi E, Seyfi B, Sadeghipoure Roodsari HR, et al, translators. Tehran: Chehr Publication; 2011. pp. 46-129. [Persian]
[29]Lee W, Ku SK, Lee D, Lee T, Bae JS. Emodin-6-O-β-D--glucoside inhibits high-glucose-induced vascular inflammation. Inflammation. 2014;37(2):306-13.