@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2018;10(4):209-214
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2018;10(4):209-214
Comparison of Attachment Styles, Resiliency and Social Capital in the Spouses of Martyrs, Veterans and Normal People; A Case Study of Ardabil City
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Abbasi Abrazgah M. (*)Khodaee SH. (1)
(*) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
(1) Psychology Department, Humanities Faculty, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Malayer University, Kilometer 4 Malayer Road, Arak, Iran. Postal Code: 6571995863Phone: -
Fax: -
mozhganabbasiabrazgah@gmail.com
Article History
Received: April 16, 2018Accepted: August 4, 2018
ePublished: October 11, 2018
ABSTRACT
Aims
War is a complex social event that affects institutions and social life. The purpose of this study was to compare the attachment styles, resilience and social capital in the spouses of witness, veterans and normal people.
Instrument & Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 among the spouses of witness, veterans and normal people in Ardabil city. Using cluster sampling, 135 people (45 people in each group) were selected as sample. For data collection, Avdnhavn Attachment Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Social Capital Questionnaire based on the Nahapit and Ghoshal model were used. The data were analyzed by Manova test and LSD test, using SPSS 16 software.
Findings There was no significant difference among three groups in secure attachment (F=0.123; p=0.884) and avoidance attachment (F=0.122; p= 2.136), but there was a significant difference among fearful attachment scores (F=3.164; p=0.045). Also, there was a significant difference among three groups in resilience scores (F=3.770; p=0.026) and social capital scores (F=4.715; p=0.011).`
Conclusion The fearful attachment style of veterans' spouses is more common than normal spouses, but other attachment styles are the same in all three groups. Also, the level of resilience and social capital are different in three groups; So that the resilience of spouses of normal people is higher than veterans' spouses. The spouses of witness and veterans comparing to normal spouses have higher social capital.
Instrument & Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 among the spouses of witness, veterans and normal people in Ardabil city. Using cluster sampling, 135 people (45 people in each group) were selected as sample. For data collection, Avdnhavn Attachment Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Social Capital Questionnaire based on the Nahapit and Ghoshal model were used. The data were analyzed by Manova test and LSD test, using SPSS 16 software.
Findings There was no significant difference among three groups in secure attachment (F=0.123; p=0.884) and avoidance attachment (F=0.122; p= 2.136), but there was a significant difference among fearful attachment scores (F=3.164; p=0.045). Also, there was a significant difference among three groups in resilience scores (F=3.770; p=0.026) and social capital scores (F=4.715; p=0.011).`
Conclusion The fearful attachment style of veterans' spouses is more common than normal spouses, but other attachment styles are the same in all three groups. Also, the level of resilience and social capital are different in three groups; So that the resilience of spouses of normal people is higher than veterans' spouses. The spouses of witness and veterans comparing to normal spouses have higher social capital.
CITATION LINKS
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[17]Rouhani H. The capital of the family, the foundation stone of social capital. Rahbord. 2011;20(59):7-46. [Persian]
[18]Amiri M, Bordbar S, Kateb Z. Comparison of the mental status of working wives of disabled veterans with their spouse working in normal people. J Psychol. 2005;9(1):22-33. [Persian]
[19]Delavar A. Research methods in psychology and educational sciences. Tehran: Publishing Edition; 2005. p. 298. [Persian]
[20]Narimani M, Ahadi B. Personality tests. 1st Edition. Ardabil: Mohaghegh Ardabili Publication. 2010; p. 159. [Persian]
[21]Conner KM, Davidson JRT. Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76-82.
[22] Putnam R, Coleman J, Este K, Bourdieu P, Fukuyama F, Porz A, et al. Social Capital: Trust, Democracy and Development. 1st Edition. Khakbaz A, Pooyan H, translators. Tehran: Shirazeh research publication; 2005.
[23] Khanjani M, Sohrabi F, Aazami Y. The effectiveness of resilience and stress management training program on psychological well-being, meaning of life, optimism, and satisfaction of life in female-headed households. Iran J Psychiatr Nurs. 2018;6(2):1-11. [Persian]
[24]Narayan D, Cassidy MF. A dimensional approach to measuring social capital: Development and validation of a social capital inventory. Current Sociology. 2001;49(2):59-102.
[25]Kawachi I, Berkman LF. Social ties and mental health. J Urban health. 2001;78(3):458-67.
[26]Portes A. Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annu Rev Sociol. 1998;24(1):1-24.
[27]Ghaderi M, Maleki A, Haghjo M. The role of social capital in promoting a healthy lifestyle among people with coronary artery disease. Iran J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2015;4(32):24-35. [Persian]
[2] Rostamalizadeh V, Ghasemiardahaee A. Impacts and implications of social-demographic immigration of imposed war in Iranian society. Holy Def Res Cent. 2012;1(2):59-79. [Persian]
[3]Behdani F, Fayyazi Bordbar MR, Hebrani P, Talebi M, Kohestani L. Psychiatric symptoms in chemical and somatic combat veterans. J Mil Med. 2009;11(1):31-5. [Persian]
[4]Nabatian E, Ghamarani A, Zakerian M, Mahdizadeh I. Relationship between spiritual health with quality of life veterans and disabled Birjand. Iran J War Public Health. 2013;5(2):35-9. [Persian]
[5] Mardani Hamouleh M, Borimnejhad L, Seyyed Fatemi N, Taghavi T. Correlation between general health and quality of life in caregivers of veterans with spinal cord injury. Iran J War Public Health. 2014;6(3):81-6. [Persian]
[6]Akbari Z, Vafaei T, Khosravi S. Relationship between attachment styles and the resiliency amount of veterans wives. Iran J War Public Health. 2011;3(2):12-7. [Persian]
[7] Safavi M, Mahmoudi M, Akbarnatajbisheh K. Assessment of relationship quality of life and coping skills in spouses of chemical devotees with pulmonary complications due to sulfur mustard in Tehran in 2006. Daneshvar Med. 2010;17(87):9-18. [Persian]
[8]Carnes Holt K. Child-parent relationship therapy for adoptive families. Fam J. 2012;20(4):419-26.
[9] Malekpour M. Effect of attachment on early and later development. Br J Dev Disabil. 2007;53(105):81-95.
[10] Hazan C, Shaver P. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Personal Soc Psychol. 1987;52(3):511-24.
[11]Van Den Dries L, Juffer F, Van Ijzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Fostering security? A meta-analysis of attachment in adopted children. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2009;31(3):410-21.
[12]Besharat MA, Irvani M, Sharifi M. An investigating the relationship between attachment styles and defense mechanisms. J Psychol. 2001;5(3-19):277-89. [Persian]
[13]Werner EE, Smith RS. Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press; 1992. p. 280
[14]Gobari Bonab B, Steyri Z. Comparison of personality traits and attachment style in mothers of children with disturbed self-deprivation and mothers of normal children. Iran J Except Child. 2006;6(3):787-804. [Persian]
[15] Samani S, Jokar B, Sahragard N. Effects of resilience on mental health and life satisfaction. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2007;13(3):290-5. [Persian]
[16]Kaveh M, Alizadeh H, Delavar A, Barajali A. Development of a resilience fostering program against stress and its impact on quality of life components in parents of children with mild intellectual disability. J Except Child. 2011;11(2):119-40. [Persian]
[17]Rouhani H. The capital of the family, the foundation stone of social capital. Rahbord. 2011;20(59):7-46. [Persian]
[18]Amiri M, Bordbar S, Kateb Z. Comparison of the mental status of working wives of disabled veterans with their spouse working in normal people. J Psychol. 2005;9(1):22-33. [Persian]
[19]Delavar A. Research methods in psychology and educational sciences. Tehran: Publishing Edition; 2005. p. 298. [Persian]
[20]Narimani M, Ahadi B. Personality tests. 1st Edition. Ardabil: Mohaghegh Ardabili Publication. 2010; p. 159. [Persian]
[21]Conner KM, Davidson JRT. Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76-82.
[22] Putnam R, Coleman J, Este K, Bourdieu P, Fukuyama F, Porz A, et al. Social Capital: Trust, Democracy and Development. 1st Edition. Khakbaz A, Pooyan H, translators. Tehran: Shirazeh research publication; 2005.
[23] Khanjani M, Sohrabi F, Aazami Y. The effectiveness of resilience and stress management training program on psychological well-being, meaning of life, optimism, and satisfaction of life in female-headed households. Iran J Psychiatr Nurs. 2018;6(2):1-11. [Persian]
[24]Narayan D, Cassidy MF. A dimensional approach to measuring social capital: Development and validation of a social capital inventory. Current Sociology. 2001;49(2):59-102.
[25]Kawachi I, Berkman LF. Social ties and mental health. J Urban health. 2001;78(3):458-67.
[26]Portes A. Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annu Rev Sociol. 1998;24(1):1-24.
[27]Ghaderi M, Maleki A, Haghjo M. The role of social capital in promoting a healthy lifestyle among people with coronary artery disease. Iran J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2015;4(32):24-35. [Persian]