ARTICLE INFO

Article Type

Original Research

Authors

Asadollahi   Z. (* )
Papahn   A.A. (1 )
Moazedi   A.A. (2 )
Najafzadeh Varzi   H. (3 )






(* ) Physiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
(1 ) Physiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
(2 ) Biology Department, Basic Science Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
(3 ) Pharmacology Department , Veterinary Faculty, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran

Correspondence

Address: Physiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Golestan Bolevard, Ahvaz, Iran. Post Box: 71355-145
Phone: +986113330010
Fax: +986113360807
zahra.asadollahi@gmail.com

Article History

Received:   May  25, 2013
Accepted:   March 20, 2014
ePublished:   July 1, 2014

ABSTRACT

Aims Glucose is the major energy source for brain which passes across blood brain barrier easily and reach to neuronal cells. Following the intravenous injection of glucose, it’s concentration increases in blood followed by its increase in different parts of the brain such as Hippocampus. Hippocampus function in learning and memory has been confirmed from many years ago. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intravenous injection of glucose on passive avoidance learning in adult male rats using shuttle box apparatus.
Materials & Methods In this study, 21 adult male rats were divided into 3 groups including glucose receiving group (500mg/kg rat 10min pretraining), saline (glucose vehicle) and control group. Memory was examined 48 hours after training in shuttle box apparatus. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software using One-way ANOVA and then LSD test.
Findings There was no significant difference between control, receiving saline and glucose groups before training in terms of the latency to enter the dark compartment, whereas the significant difference was observed between the group receiving glucose and other groups in time spent in the light and dark compartments in the retrieval stage. Also the blood glucose concentration difference between the group receiving of glucose and other groups was significant.
Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of glucose increases the passive avoidance memory of adult male rats in shuttle box apparatus.

Keywords: Glucose , Memory Disorders , Rats , Hippocampus ,

CITATION LINKS

[1]Narwal S, Saini DR, Kumari K, Narwal S, Singh G, Singh NR, et al. Behavior and pharmacological animal models for the evaluation of learning & memory condition. Indo Glob J Pharm Sci. 2012;2(2):121-9.
[2]Thompson RF, Kim JJ. Memory systems in the brain and localization of a memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1996;93(24):13438-44.
[3]Squire RL, Zola SM. Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1996;93(24):13515-22.
[4]Bourtchouladze R, Abel T, Berman N, Gordon R, Lapidus K, Kandel ER. Different training procedures recruit either one or two critical periods for contextual memory consolidation, each of which requires protein synthesis and PKA. Learn Mem. 1998;5(4):365-74.
[5]Kudryashova IV. Frequency facilitation in the hippocampal slices of conditioned rats. Neurosci. 1996;75(3):695-702.
[6]Stecher J, Muller WE, Hoyer S. Learning ability depend on NMDA receptor density in hippocampus in adult male rats. J Neural Transm. 1997;104(2-3):281-9.
[7]Messier C. Glucose improvement of memory: A review. Eur J Pharm. 2004;490(1-3):33-57.
[8]McEwen BS, Reagan LP. Glucose transporter expression in the central nervous system: Relationship to synaptic function. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004;490(1):13-24.
[9]McDermott E, De Silva P. Impaired neuronal glucose uptake in pathogenesis of schizophrenia - Can GLUT 1 and GLUT 3 deficits explain imaging, post-mortem and pharmacological findings?. Med Hypotheses. 2005;65(6):1076-81.
[10]Canal CE, Stutz SJ, Gold PE. Glucose injections into the dorsal hippocampus or dorsolateral striatum of rats prior to T-maze training: Modulation of learning rates and strategy selection. Learn Mem. 2005;12(4):367-74.
[11]Feldman J, Barshi I. The effects of blood glucose levels on cognitive performance: A review of the literature. Nasa; 2007.
[12]Krebs DL, Parent MB. The enhancing effects of hippocampal infusions of glucose are not restricted to spatial working memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2005;83(2):168- 72.
[13]McNay EC, McCarty RC, Gold PE. Fluctuations in brain glucose concentration during behavioral testing: Dissociations between brain areas and between brain and blood. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2001;75(3):325-37.
[14]Scholey AB, Sunram-Lea SI, Greer J, Elliott J, Kennedy DO. Glucose enhancement of memory depends on initial thirst. Appetite. 2009;53(3):426-9.
[15]Scholey AB, Laing S, Kennedy DO. Blood glucose changes and memory: Effects of manipulating emotionality and mental effort. Biol Psychol. 2006;71(1):12-9.
[16]Shah AA, Parent MB. Septal infusions of glucose or pyruvate with muscimol impair spontaneous alternation. Brain Res. 2004;996(2):246-50.
[17]Moazedi AA, Belaran M, Hemmaty A, Rasekh A. Coadministration of epinephrine and glucose do not have synergic effect on the improvement of spatial learning task in young male rats. J Med Sci. 2008;8(1):22-7.
[18]Moazedi AA, Belaran M, Hemmaty A, Rasekh A. The role of β-adrenergic system on the enhancement of spatial learning caused by glucose injection in young male rat. Int J Pharmacol. 2008;4(1):34-9.
[19]Moazedi AA, Ghotbeddin Z, Parham GH. Effect of zinc supplementation of pregnant rats on short-term & long-term memory of their offspring. Pak J Med Sci. 2007;23(3):405- 9.
[20]Korrol LD, Gold PE. Glucose, memory and aging. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(4):764-71.
[21]Rashidy-Pour A. ATP-sensitive potassium channels mediate the effects of a peripheral injection of glucose on memory storage in an inhibitory avoidance task. Behav Brain Res. 2001;126(1):43-8.
[22]Erickson EJ, Watts KD, Parent MB. Septal co-infusions of glucose with a GABAB agonist impair memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2008;85(1):66-70.