@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2251-8215 Sarem Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2017;1(2):43-48
ISSN: 2251-8215 Sarem Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2017;1(2):43-48
Evaluation of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Abortion compared with embryos vaginal delivery by using PCR
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Zaker Bostanabad S. (*)Rahimi M.K. (1)
Mahdavi M. (2)
Pourazar Sh. (3)
(*) Biological Sciences Faculty, Parand Branch, Isalmic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
(1) Medicine Faculty, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
(2) Molecular Department, Khatam Hospital, Tehran, Iran
(3) Molecular Department, “Masoud Lab” and “Sarem Women’s Hospital”, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: February 20, 2014Accepted: May 19, 2016
ePublished: June 15, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
Cytomegalovirus is a major cause of congenital abnormalities, mental retardation, abortion and neonatal infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CMV in amniotic fluid by PCR method and to compare it between the patients with abortion and women with normal delivery.
Materials & Methods This case-control and descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 120 women referred to Amiralmomenin, Javaheri and Bouali hospitals in 2010. The women were studied in two case (n=60) and a control (n=60) groups including the mothers with abortions and mothers with normal delivery, respectively. The information of the participants was collected using a questionnaire and a PCR method was used for microbiological examination for CMV. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13 using chi-square test.
Findings Totally, the PCR results were positive in 16 (13.3%) patients. In the case group, 26.7% of the women had a history of CMV. The PCR results were negative for the control group. Totally, the prevalence of CMV was 13.3%. In the case group, 61.7% of patients had no abortion history, 30.0% had one abortion and 8.3% had two abortions, previously. In the case group, abortions occurred before 20 weeks of gestation in 21.7% of women and 78.3% of abortions occurred after 21 weeks of pregnancy. There was a significant relationship between the incidence of CMV and the number of abortions in the mothers and abortion time.
Conclusion Due to the importance of rapid and correct diagnosis of pathogens before emergence of its complications, the molecular method can be useful for the purpose and even for the low level of pathogenicity
Materials & Methods This case-control and descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 120 women referred to Amiralmomenin, Javaheri and Bouali hospitals in 2010. The women were studied in two case (n=60) and a control (n=60) groups including the mothers with abortions and mothers with normal delivery, respectively. The information of the participants was collected using a questionnaire and a PCR method was used for microbiological examination for CMV. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13 using chi-square test.
Findings Totally, the PCR results were positive in 16 (13.3%) patients. In the case group, 26.7% of the women had a history of CMV. The PCR results were negative for the control group. Totally, the prevalence of CMV was 13.3%. In the case group, 61.7% of patients had no abortion history, 30.0% had one abortion and 8.3% had two abortions, previously. In the case group, abortions occurred before 20 weeks of gestation in 21.7% of women and 78.3% of abortions occurred after 21 weeks of pregnancy. There was a significant relationship between the incidence of CMV and the number of abortions in the mothers and abortion time.
Conclusion Due to the importance of rapid and correct diagnosis of pathogens before emergence of its complications, the molecular method can be useful for the purpose and even for the low level of pathogenicity
CITATION LINKS
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[14]Ione R, Fomda BA, Thokar M, Wani T, Kakru D, Shaheen R, et al. Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Kashmir valley-a preliminary study. JK-Practitioner. 2004;11(4):261-2.
[15]Goering R, Dockrell, Zuckerman M, Roitt I, chiodini P. Medical Microbiology. 3rd Edition. Edinburgh: Mosby; 2004.
[16]Gomez E, Loures A, Smelon J, Baltar. Late CMV disease and/or pecursence in renal transplant recipients with pronged oral garciclovirprophylanis. Transplantation smedzin, 2003.
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[20]Van Der Bij W, Schirm J, Torensma R, Van Son WJ, Tegzess AM, The TH. Comparison between viremia and ntigenemia for detection of cytomegalovirus in blood. J Clin Microbiol. 1988;26(12):2531-5.
[21]Grefte JM, Van Der Gun BT, Sehmolke S, Van Der Giessen M, Van Son WJ, Plachter B, et al. The lower matrix protein pp65 is the principal viral antigen present in peripheral blood leukocytes during an active cytomegalovirus infection. J Gen Virol. 1992;73:2923-32.
[22]Gema G, Revello MG, Percivalle E, Zavattoni M, Parea M, Battaglia M. Quantification of human cytomegalovirus viremia by using monoclonal antibodies to different viral proteins. J Clin Microbiol. 1990;28(12):2681-8.
[23]Nelson CT, Demmler GJ. Cytomegalovirus infection in the pregnant mother, fetus, and newborn infant. Clin Perinatol. 1997;24(1):151-60.
[24]Piper JM, Wen TS. Perinatal cytomegalovirus and toxoplasmosis: Challenges of antepartum therapy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1999;42(1):81-96.
[25]Huang JC, Naylor B. Cytomegalovirus infection of the cervix detected by cytology and histology: A report of five cases. Cytopathology. 1993;4(4):237-41.
[26]Friedmann W, Schäfer A, Kretschmer R, Lobeck H. Disseminated cytomegalovirus infection of the female genital tract. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1991;31(1):56-7.
[2]Rappaport F, Rabinovitz M, Toaff R, Krochik N. Genital listeriosis as a cause of repeated abortion. Lancet. 1960;1(7137):1273-5.
[3]Rad cliffe JJ, Hart CA, Francis WJ, Johnson PM. Immunity to cytomegaloviruses in women with unexplained recurrent spontanous abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol. 1986;12(4):103-5.
[4]Sifakis S, Ergazaki M, Sourvinos G, Koffa M, Koumantakis E, Spandidos DA. Evaluation of Parvo B19, CMV and HPV viruses in human aborted materialusing the polymerase chain reaction technique. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1998;76(2):169-73.
[5]Gartner L, Kunkel M, Oberender H. Persistence of IgM antibodies to CMV-induced late antigen in pregnancy andpostpartum. Acta Virol. 1983;27(1):86-8.
[6]Luerti M, Santini A, Bernini O, Castiglioni M, Ragni MC. ELISA antibodies to cytomegalovirus in pregnant patients prevalence in andcorrelation with spontaneous abortion. Biol Res Pregnancy Prinatal. 1983;4(4):181-3.
[7]Szkaradkiewicz A, Pieta P, Tułecka T, Breborowicz G, Słomko Z, Strzyzowski P. The diagnostic value of anti-CMV HPV-B19 antiviral antibodiesin studies on causes of recurrent aboirtions. Ginekol Pol. 1997;68(4):181-6. [Polish]
[8]Sukhikh GT, Dadal'ian LG, Van'ko LV, Kalafati TI, Sidel'nikova VM. Diagnostic and prognostic value of specific immune response to Cytomegaloviruses inpregnant women with a history of habitual abortion. Akush Ginekol (Mosk). 1992;(3-7):30-3. [Russian]
[9]Kost BP, Mylonas I, Kästner R, Rack B, Gingelmaier A, Friese K. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: A case report of fetal death in a CMV-infected woman. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2007;276(3): 265-8.
[10]Rajaii, M, Pourhassan A. Evaluation of immunity against CMV in Azarbaijan female population. Iran J Clin Infect Dis. 2008;3(3):143-8.
[11]Ergun UG, Bakaris S, Ucmak H, Ozbek A. Fatal congenital cytomegalovirus infection following recurrent aternal infection after a 7-year interval. Saudi Med J. 2007;28(2):264-7.
[12]Zalel Y, Gilboa Y, Berkenshtat M, Yoeli R, Auslander R, Achiron R, et al. Secondary cytomegalovirus infection can cause severe fetal sequelae despit maternal preconceptional immunity. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008;31(4):417-20.
[13]Satilmiş A, Güra A, Ongun H, Mendilcioğlu I, Colak D, Oygür N. CMV seroconversion in pregnants and the incidence of congenital CMV infection. Turk J Pediatr. 2007;49(1):30-6.
[14]Ione R, Fomda BA, Thokar M, Wani T, Kakru D, Shaheen R, et al. Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Kashmir valley-a preliminary study. JK-Practitioner. 2004;11(4):261-2.
[15]Goering R, Dockrell, Zuckerman M, Roitt I, chiodini P. Medical Microbiology. 3rd Edition. Edinburgh: Mosby; 2004.
[16]Gomez E, Loures A, Smelon J, Baltar. Late CMV disease and/or pecursence in renal transplant recipients with pronged oral garciclovirprophylanis. Transplantation smedzin, 2003.
[17]Vanson WJ, The TH. Cytomegalovirus infection after organ transplantation: An update ith special emphasis on renal transplantation. Transpl Int. 1989;2(3):147-64.
[18]The TH, Van Der Bij W, Van Den Berg Ap, Van Der Gissen M, Sprenger Hg, Van son WJ. Cytomegalovirus antigenemia. Rev inf Dis. 1990;12:737-44.
[19]Boeckh M, Bowden RA, Goodrich JM, Pettinger M, Meyerst J. Cytomegalovirus antigen detection in peripheral blood leukocytes after allogeneic narrow transplantation. Blood. 1992;80:1358-64.
[20]Van Der Bij W, Schirm J, Torensma R, Van Son WJ, Tegzess AM, The TH. Comparison between viremia and ntigenemia for detection of cytomegalovirus in blood. J Clin Microbiol. 1988;26(12):2531-5.
[21]Grefte JM, Van Der Gun BT, Sehmolke S, Van Der Giessen M, Van Son WJ, Plachter B, et al. The lower matrix protein pp65 is the principal viral antigen present in peripheral blood leukocytes during an active cytomegalovirus infection. J Gen Virol. 1992;73:2923-32.
[22]Gema G, Revello MG, Percivalle E, Zavattoni M, Parea M, Battaglia M. Quantification of human cytomegalovirus viremia by using monoclonal antibodies to different viral proteins. J Clin Microbiol. 1990;28(12):2681-8.
[23]Nelson CT, Demmler GJ. Cytomegalovirus infection in the pregnant mother, fetus, and newborn infant. Clin Perinatol. 1997;24(1):151-60.
[24]Piper JM, Wen TS. Perinatal cytomegalovirus and toxoplasmosis: Challenges of antepartum therapy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1999;42(1):81-96.
[25]Huang JC, Naylor B. Cytomegalovirus infection of the cervix detected by cytology and histology: A report of five cases. Cytopathology. 1993;4(4):237-41.
[26]Friedmann W, Schäfer A, Kretschmer R, Lobeck H. Disseminated cytomegalovirus infection of the female genital tract. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1991;31(1):56-7.