@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(2):92-101
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2016;22(2):92-101
Teratogenic Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Capparis spinosa Leaf on Balb/c Mice
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Davari S.A. (*)Miri A.H. (1)
Shahraki E. (2)
(*) Pathobiology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
(1) Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
(2) Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Zabol, Kilometer 2nd of Bonjar-Pardis Road, Zabol, Iran. Postal Code: 98613-35856Phone: +985434822253
Fax: +985432240735
davari.aida1@gmail.com
Article History
Received: October 5, 2015Accepted: January 11, 2016
ePublished: March 5, 2016
ABSTRACT
Aims
As a medical herb, Capparis spinosa is used in the traditional medicine. Nevertheless, its side-effects are not yet studied, especially during the pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the tratogenic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of the leaves of Capparis spinosa on the embryo of Balb/c mice.
Materials & Methods In the experimental method, 32 pregnant Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups including control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were the groups received 200, 400, and 800mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract doses of the leaves of Capparis spinosa. Experimental and control groups received the extract doses and urban water as 14-day gavage, respectively. The 18-day embryos, removed out of the uterus by Cesarean, were investigated in the physical deformations. Alizarin staining method was used to assess the embryonic skeletal system. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls method.
Findings There was a significant reduction in the mean weight of the pregnant mice at the 18th day of pregnancy in 800mg/kg extract group compared to control group (p<0.05). In addition, there were significant reductions in the mean height and weight of the embryos of the mice in 800mg/kg extract group than control group (p<0.05). There was no embryonic physical and skeletal deformation in the experimental groups.
Conclusion 800mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of the leaves of Capparis spinosa affect height and weight of the embryos of Balb/c mice and might have tratogenic effects on embryo.
Materials & Methods In the experimental method, 32 pregnant Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups including control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were the groups received 200, 400, and 800mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract doses of the leaves of Capparis spinosa. Experimental and control groups received the extract doses and urban water as 14-day gavage, respectively. The 18-day embryos, removed out of the uterus by Cesarean, were investigated in the physical deformations. Alizarin staining method was used to assess the embryonic skeletal system. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls method.
Findings There was a significant reduction in the mean weight of the pregnant mice at the 18th day of pregnancy in 800mg/kg extract group compared to control group (p<0.05). In addition, there were significant reductions in the mean height and weight of the embryos of the mice in 800mg/kg extract group than control group (p<0.05). There was no embryonic physical and skeletal deformation in the experimental groups.
Conclusion 800mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of the leaves of Capparis spinosa affect height and weight of the embryos of Balb/c mice and might have tratogenic effects on embryo.
CITATION LINKS
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[2]Rajesh P, Selvamani P, Latha S, Saraswathy A, Kannan V. A review on chemical and medicobiological applications of capparidaceae family. Pharmacogn Rev. 2009;3(6):378-86.
[3]Sharma B, Salunke R, Balomajumder C, Daniel S, Roy P. Anti-diabetic potential of alkaloid rich fraction from Capparis decidua on diabetic mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;127(2):457-62.
[4]Purohit A, Vyas KB. Hypolipidemic efficacy of Capparis decidua fruit and shoot extracts in cholesterol fed rabbits. Indian J Exp Biol. 2005;43(10):863-6.
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[6]Arbabian S, Jafari S, Majd A, Khosravi N. Study of structure of generative meristem and ontogeny of flower in Capparis spinosa L. J Sci Islamic Azad Univ. 2011;20(1):53-60. [Persian]
[7]Mohammadi J, Mirzaei A, Delaviz H, Mohammadi B. Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Capparis spinosa on histomorphological changes of pancreas in diabetic rats model. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2012;19(3):235-44. [Persian]
[8]Patil SB, Naikwade NS, Magdum CS, Awale VB. Some medicinal plants used by people of Sangli district, Maharashtra. Asian J Pharm Res. 2011;1(2):42-3.
[9]Kapoor B, Mishra R. Antimicrobial screening of some Capparidaceous medicinal plants of north-west rajasthan. Indian J Pharm Biol Res. 2013;1(2):20-2.
[10]Heidari M, Mirshamsi M, Naghibi B, Heidari M, Vafazade J, Heidari M. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity of methanolic extract of Capparis Spinosa in rats. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2010;18(1):47-55. [Persian]
[11]Bonina F, Puglia C, Ventura D, Aquino R, Tortora S, Sacchi A, et al. In vitro antioxidant and in vivo photoprotective effects of a lyophilized extract of Capparis spinosa L buds. J Cosmet Sci. 2002;53(6):321-35.
[12]Gadgoli C, Mishra SH. Antihepatotoxic activity of p-methoxy benzoic acid from Capparis spinosa. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999;66(2):187-92.
[13]Eddouks M, Lemhadri A, Michel J-B. Hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa L. in normal and diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;98(3):345-50.
[14]Panico A, Cardile V, Garufi F, C.Puglia, Bonina F, Ronsisvalle G. Protective effect of Capparis spinosa on chondrocytes. Life Sci. 2005;77(20):2479-88.
[15]Trombetta D, Occhiuto F, Perri D, Puglia C, Santagati NA, Pasquale AD, et al. Antiallergic and antihistaminic effect of two extracts of Capparis spinosa l. flowering buds. Phytother Res. 2005;19(1):29-33.
[16]Keller K., Hansel R., Chandler R. Adverse effect of herbal drugs. Berlin: Springer; 1997. pp. 235-6.
[17]Sarashti M, Azari P, Rafieyan M, Kheyri S. Consumption of herbal drugs in Shahrekord pregnant women. J Reprod Infertil. 2006;7(2):125-31. [Persian]
[18]Nuraliev N, Vezov G. [The efficacy of quercetin in alloxan diabetes]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 1992;55(1):42-4. [Russian]
[19]Ninomiya K, Mastuda H, Kubo M, Morikawa T, Nishida N, Yoshikawa M. Potent anti-obese principle from Rosa canina. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007;17(11):3059-64.
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[21]Erget S, Wolffram S, Bosy-Westphal A, Boesch-Saadatmandi C, Wagner A, Frank J, et al. Daily quercetin concentrations in healthy humans. J Nutr. 2008;138(9):1615-21.
[22]Kuroyanagi K, Kang MS, Goto T, Hirai S, Ohyama K, Kusudo T, et al. Citrus auraptene acts as an agonist for PPARs and enhances adiponectin production and MCP-1 reduction in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;366(1):219-25.
[23]Wang I-K, Lin-Shiau S-Y, Lin J-K. Induction of apoptosis by apigenin and related flavonoids through cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in leukaemia HL-60 cells. Eur J Cancer. 1999;35(10):1517-25.
[24]Robaszkiewicz A, Balcerczyk A, Bartosz G. Antioxidative and prooxidative effects of quercetin on A549 cells. Cell Biol Int. 2007;31(10):1245-50.
[25]Aghel N, Rashidi I, Mombeini A. Hepatoprotective activity of Capparis spinosa root bark against CCl4 induced hepatic damage in mice. Iran J Pharm Res. 2007;6(4):285-90.
[26]Watjen W, Michels G, Steffan B, Niering P, Chovolou Y, Kampkotter A, et al. Low concentrations of flavonoids are protective in rat H4IIE cells whereas high concentrations cause DNA damage and apoptosis. J Nutr. 2005;135(3):525-31.
[27]Gaspar J, Rodrigues A, Laires A, Silva F, Costa S, Monteiro MJ, et al. On the mechanisms of genotoxicity and metabolism of quercetin. Mutagenesis. 1994;9(5):445-9.
[28]Birdane Y, Buyukokuroglu M, Birdane F, Cemek M, Yavuz H. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Melissa officinalis L. in rodents. Revue Med Vet. 2007;158(2):75-81.
[29]Obermeier MT, White RE, Yang CS. Effects of bioflavonoids on hepatic P450 activities. Xenobiotica. 1995;25(6):575-84.
[2]Rajesh P, Selvamani P, Latha S, Saraswathy A, Kannan V. A review on chemical and medicobiological applications of capparidaceae family. Pharmacogn Rev. 2009;3(6):378-86.
[3]Sharma B, Salunke R, Balomajumder C, Daniel S, Roy P. Anti-diabetic potential of alkaloid rich fraction from Capparis decidua on diabetic mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;127(2):457-62.
[4]Purohit A, Vyas KB. Hypolipidemic efficacy of Capparis decidua fruit and shoot extracts in cholesterol fed rabbits. Indian J Exp Biol. 2005;43(10):863-6.
[5]Selvamani P, Latha S, Elayaraja K, Babu PS, Gupta J, Pal T, et al. Antidiabetic activity of the ethanol extract of Capparis sepiaria L leaves. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008;70(3):378-80.
[6]Arbabian S, Jafari S, Majd A, Khosravi N. Study of structure of generative meristem and ontogeny of flower in Capparis spinosa L. J Sci Islamic Azad Univ. 2011;20(1):53-60. [Persian]
[7]Mohammadi J, Mirzaei A, Delaviz H, Mohammadi B. Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Capparis spinosa on histomorphological changes of pancreas in diabetic rats model. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2012;19(3):235-44. [Persian]
[8]Patil SB, Naikwade NS, Magdum CS, Awale VB. Some medicinal plants used by people of Sangli district, Maharashtra. Asian J Pharm Res. 2011;1(2):42-3.
[9]Kapoor B, Mishra R. Antimicrobial screening of some Capparidaceous medicinal plants of north-west rajasthan. Indian J Pharm Biol Res. 2013;1(2):20-2.
[10]Heidari M, Mirshamsi M, Naghibi B, Heidari M, Vafazade J, Heidari M. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity of methanolic extract of Capparis Spinosa in rats. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2010;18(1):47-55. [Persian]
[11]Bonina F, Puglia C, Ventura D, Aquino R, Tortora S, Sacchi A, et al. In vitro antioxidant and in vivo photoprotective effects of a lyophilized extract of Capparis spinosa L buds. J Cosmet Sci. 2002;53(6):321-35.
[12]Gadgoli C, Mishra SH. Antihepatotoxic activity of p-methoxy benzoic acid from Capparis spinosa. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999;66(2):187-92.
[13]Eddouks M, Lemhadri A, Michel J-B. Hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa L. in normal and diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;98(3):345-50.
[14]Panico A, Cardile V, Garufi F, C.Puglia, Bonina F, Ronsisvalle G. Protective effect of Capparis spinosa on chondrocytes. Life Sci. 2005;77(20):2479-88.
[15]Trombetta D, Occhiuto F, Perri D, Puglia C, Santagati NA, Pasquale AD, et al. Antiallergic and antihistaminic effect of two extracts of Capparis spinosa l. flowering buds. Phytother Res. 2005;19(1):29-33.
[16]Keller K., Hansel R., Chandler R. Adverse effect of herbal drugs. Berlin: Springer; 1997. pp. 235-6.
[17]Sarashti M, Azari P, Rafieyan M, Kheyri S. Consumption of herbal drugs in Shahrekord pregnant women. J Reprod Infertil. 2006;7(2):125-31. [Persian]
[18]Nuraliev N, Vezov G. [The efficacy of quercetin in alloxan diabetes]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 1992;55(1):42-4. [Russian]
[19]Ninomiya K, Mastuda H, Kubo M, Morikawa T, Nishida N, Yoshikawa M. Potent anti-obese principle from Rosa canina. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007;17(11):3059-64.
[20]Rasuli M, Teimuri F. Iran Generic Drugs with Nursing Care. Tehran: Andishe Raphi; 2010. p. 524.
[21]Erget S, Wolffram S, Bosy-Westphal A, Boesch-Saadatmandi C, Wagner A, Frank J, et al. Daily quercetin concentrations in healthy humans. J Nutr. 2008;138(9):1615-21.
[22]Kuroyanagi K, Kang MS, Goto T, Hirai S, Ohyama K, Kusudo T, et al. Citrus auraptene acts as an agonist for PPARs and enhances adiponectin production and MCP-1 reduction in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;366(1):219-25.
[23]Wang I-K, Lin-Shiau S-Y, Lin J-K. Induction of apoptosis by apigenin and related flavonoids through cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in leukaemia HL-60 cells. Eur J Cancer. 1999;35(10):1517-25.
[24]Robaszkiewicz A, Balcerczyk A, Bartosz G. Antioxidative and prooxidative effects of quercetin on A549 cells. Cell Biol Int. 2007;31(10):1245-50.
[25]Aghel N, Rashidi I, Mombeini A. Hepatoprotective activity of Capparis spinosa root bark against CCl4 induced hepatic damage in mice. Iran J Pharm Res. 2007;6(4):285-90.
[26]Watjen W, Michels G, Steffan B, Niering P, Chovolou Y, Kampkotter A, et al. Low concentrations of flavonoids are protective in rat H4IIE cells whereas high concentrations cause DNA damage and apoptosis. J Nutr. 2005;135(3):525-31.
[27]Gaspar J, Rodrigues A, Laires A, Silva F, Costa S, Monteiro MJ, et al. On the mechanisms of genotoxicity and metabolism of quercetin. Mutagenesis. 1994;9(5):445-9.
[28]Birdane Y, Buyukokuroglu M, Birdane F, Cemek M, Yavuz H. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Melissa officinalis L. in rodents. Revue Med Vet. 2007;158(2):75-81.
[29]Obermeier MT, White RE, Yang CS. Effects of bioflavonoids on hepatic P450 activities. Xenobiotica. 1995;25(6):575-84.