@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2014;6(4):137-142
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2014;6(4):137-142
Daily Activity of Adolescent Victims of Landmine and Unexploded Ordnance
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Ganjparvar Z. (1 )Mousavi B. (1 )
Khateri Sh. (1 )
Soroush M.R. (1 )
Masoumi M. (* )
Shokoohi H. (2 )
(* ) Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center, Tehran, Iran
(1 ) Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center, Tehran, Iran
(2 ) Emergency Medicine Department, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
Correspondence
Article History
Received: May 14, 2014Accepted: May 26, 2014
ePublished: July 20, 2014
ABSTRACT
Aims
Physical and psychological complications due to the explosion of mine and unexploded
ordnances affect the level of individual and social performance of the victims. The aim of this
study was to determine the level of performance and dependency level in adolescent victims
of landmine and unexploded ordnance in activities of daily living.
Materials & Methods In this cross sectional study of descriptive-analytical type that was done in 2009, 78 injured teenagers by explosion of mine and unexploded ordnance in five border provinces were studied using census sampling method. All the victims were invited to participate in the health monitoring national plan. Tools for data collection were demographic and Barthel Index questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software using Pearson correlation, independent T and one-way ANOVA tests.
Findings The mean age of participants was 16.11±1.99 years and the mean score of total activities of daily living was 84.28±17.22. The most need for help was related to the movement on uneven surfaces and dressing and the lowest disability was related to eating and bowel control. There were significant correlations between sex (p=0.006), educational status (p=0.05) and disability rate (p=0.05) and the mean score of activities of daily living.
Conclusion Performance of mine victims in activities of daily living is in a relatively good level and this people are independent in doing the most of activities of daily living.
Materials & Methods In this cross sectional study of descriptive-analytical type that was done in 2009, 78 injured teenagers by explosion of mine and unexploded ordnance in five border provinces were studied using census sampling method. All the victims were invited to participate in the health monitoring national plan. Tools for data collection were demographic and Barthel Index questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software using Pearson correlation, independent T and one-way ANOVA tests.
Findings The mean age of participants was 16.11±1.99 years and the mean score of total activities of daily living was 84.28±17.22. The most need for help was related to the movement on uneven surfaces and dressing and the lowest disability was related to eating and bowel control. There were significant correlations between sex (p=0.006), educational status (p=0.05) and disability rate (p=0.05) and the mean score of activities of daily living.
Conclusion Performance of mine victims in activities of daily living is in a relatively good level and this people are independent in doing the most of activities of daily living.
CITATION LINKS
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[22]Bilukha O, Brennan M. Injuries and deaths caused by unexploded ordnance in Afghanistan: Review of surveillance data, 1997-2002. BMJ. 2005;330(7483):127-8.
[23]Bilukha O, Brennan M, Anderson M, Tsitsaev Z, Murtazaeva E, Ibragimov R. Seen but not heard: Injuries and deaths from landmines and unexploded ordnance in Chechnya, 1994-2005. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2007;22(6):507-12.
[24]Hussein EM, Waller EJ. Landmine detection: The problem and the challenge. Appl Radiat Isot. 2000;53(4-5):557-63.
[25]Peel M. The occupational health of de-miners of Afghanistan. J R Sco Med. 1995;88(12):683-5.
[26]Andersson N, da Sousa CP, Paredes S. Social cost of land mines in four countries: Afghanistan, Bosnia, Cambodia, and Mozambique. BMJ. 1995;311(7007):718-21.
[27]Holmes GE, Baker A, Hassanein RS, Bovee EC, Mulvihill JJ, Myers MH, et al. The availability of insurance to long‐time survivors of childhood cancer. Cancer. 1986;57(1):190-3.
[28]Rauck AM, Green DM, Yasui Y, Mertens A, Robison L. Marriage in the survivors of childhood cancer: A preliminary description from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1999;33(1):60-3.
[29]Karacostas DD, Fisher GL. Chemical dependency in students with and without learning disabilities. J Learn Disabil. 1993;26(7):491-5.
[30]Centomo H, Amarantini D, Martin L, Prince F. Muscle adaptation patterns of children with a trans-tibial amputation during walking. Clin Biomech. 2007;22(4):457-63.
[31]Law M, King G, King S, Kertoy M, Hurley P, Rosenbaum P, et al. Patterns of participation in recreational and leisure activities among children with complex physical disabilities. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48(5):337-42.
[32]Breslau N, Staruch KS, Mortimer EA Jr. Psychological distress in mothers of disabled children. Am J Dis Child. 1982;136(8):682-6.
[33]Duarte YA, Lebrão ML, Lima FD. The contribution of living arrangements in the provision of care for elderly persons with functional impairments in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2005;17(5-6):370-8. [Portuguese]
[34]Gill TM, Robison JT, Tinetti ME. Difficulty and dependency: Two components of the disability continuum among community-living older persons. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128(2):96-101.
[35]keqel B, Carpenter ML, Burgess EM. Functional capabilities of lower extremity amputees. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1978;59(3):109-20.
[36]Njegovan V, Hing MM, Mitchell SL, Molnar FJ. The hierarchy of functional loss associated with cognitive decline in older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(10):638-43.
[37]Newman RD, Mercer MA. Environmental health consequences of land mines. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2000;6(3):243-8.
[38]Wind WM, Schwend RM, Larson J. Sports for the physically challenged child. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2004;12(2):126-134.
[39]Somasundaram DJ, Renol KK. The psychosocial effects of landmines in Cambodia. Med Confl Surviv. 1998;14(3):219-36.
[40]Varni JW, Setoguchi Y. Effects of parental adjustment on the adaptation of children with congenital or acquired limb deficiencies. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1993;14(1):13-20.
[41]Varni JW, Setoguchi Y, Rappaport LR, Talbot D. Psychological adjustment and perceived social support in children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies. J Behav Med. 1992;15(1):31-44.
[42]Champion HR, Holcomb JB, Young LA. Injuries from explosions: Physics, biophysics, pathology, and required research focus. J Trauma. 2009;66(5):1468-77.
[2]Walsh NE, Walsh WS. Rehabilitation of landmine victims: The ultimate challenge. Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81(9):665-70.
[3]Kinra S, Black M. Landmine related injuries in children of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1991-2000: Comparisons with adults. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003;57(4):264-5.
[4]Levy BS, Sidel VW. War and public health. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007.
[5]Soroush A. The human costs of landmine and UXOs. 1st ed. Tehran: Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center; 2007. [Persian]
[6]Soroush A, Falahati F, Zargar M, Soroush M, Khateri S, Khaji A. Amputations due to landmine and unexploded ordnances in post-war Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2008;11(6):595-7.
[7]Boyce W. Adaptation of community based rehabilitation in areas of armed conflict. Asia Pac Disabil Rehabil J. 2000;11(1):17-20.
[8]Coupland R, Korver A. Injuries from antipersonnel mines: The experience of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Br Med J. 1991;303(6816):1509-12.
[9]Simper L. Below knee amputation in war surgery: A review of 111 amputations with delayed primary closure. J Trauma.
[10]Hoshino J. Changes in the activities of daily living (ADL) in relation to the level of amputation of patients undergoing lower extremity amputation for arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). Circ J. 2008;72(9):1495-8.
[11]Vijayakumar V, Datta D, Karthika A, Thulasiraj RD, Nirmalan PK. Utilisation of community-based rehabilitation services for incurably blind persons in a rural population of southern India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2003;51(3):273-7.
[12]Geertzen J, Martina J, Rietman H. Lower limb amputation. Part 2: Rehabilitation- a 10 year literature review. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2001;25(1):14-20.
[13]Greive A, Lankhorst G. Functional outcome of lower-limb amputees: A prospective descriptive study in a general hospital. Prosthet Orthot Int. 1996;20(2):79-87.
[14]Kohler F, Cieza A, Stucki G, Geertzen J, Burger H, Dillon M, et al. Developing core sets for persons following amputation based on the international classification of functioning, disability and health as a way to specify functioning. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2009;33(2):117-29.
[15]Kerstein M, Zimmer H, Dugdale F, Lerner E. Rehabilation after bilateral lower extremity amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1975;56(7):309-11.
[16]Schoppen T, Boonstra A, Groothoff J, Vries Jd, Göeken L, Eisma W. Physical, mental, and social predictors of functional outcome in unilateral lower-limb amputees. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(6):803-11.
[17]Law M, Finkelman S, Hurley P, Rosenbaum P, King S, King G, et al. Participation of children with physical disabilities: Relationships with diagnosis, physical function, and demographic variables. Scand J Occup Ther. 2004;11(4):156-62.
[18]Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional Evaluation the barthel index. Md State Med J. 1965;14:61-5.
[19]Habibi Sola A, Nikpour S, Seyed Alshohadaei M, Haghani H. Quality of life and status of physical functioning among elderly people in west region of Tehran: A cross-sectional survey. Iran J Nurs. 2008;21(53):29-39. [Persian]
[20]Tyc VL. Psychosocial adaptation of children and adolescents with limb deficiencies: A review. Clin Psychol Rev. 1992;12(3):275-91.
[21]Nagarajan R, Neglia JP, Clohisy DR, Yasui Y, Greenberg M, Hudson M, et al. Education, employment, insurance, and marital status among 694 survivors of pediatric lower extremity bone tumors: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Cancer. 2003;97(10):2554-64.
[22]Bilukha O, Brennan M. Injuries and deaths caused by unexploded ordnance in Afghanistan: Review of surveillance data, 1997-2002. BMJ. 2005;330(7483):127-8.
[23]Bilukha O, Brennan M, Anderson M, Tsitsaev Z, Murtazaeva E, Ibragimov R. Seen but not heard: Injuries and deaths from landmines and unexploded ordnance in Chechnya, 1994-2005. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2007;22(6):507-12.
[24]Hussein EM, Waller EJ. Landmine detection: The problem and the challenge. Appl Radiat Isot. 2000;53(4-5):557-63.
[25]Peel M. The occupational health of de-miners of Afghanistan. J R Sco Med. 1995;88(12):683-5.
[26]Andersson N, da Sousa CP, Paredes S. Social cost of land mines in four countries: Afghanistan, Bosnia, Cambodia, and Mozambique. BMJ. 1995;311(7007):718-21.
[27]Holmes GE, Baker A, Hassanein RS, Bovee EC, Mulvihill JJ, Myers MH, et al. The availability of insurance to long‐time survivors of childhood cancer. Cancer. 1986;57(1):190-3.
[28]Rauck AM, Green DM, Yasui Y, Mertens A, Robison L. Marriage in the survivors of childhood cancer: A preliminary description from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1999;33(1):60-3.
[29]Karacostas DD, Fisher GL. Chemical dependency in students with and without learning disabilities. J Learn Disabil. 1993;26(7):491-5.
[30]Centomo H, Amarantini D, Martin L, Prince F. Muscle adaptation patterns of children with a trans-tibial amputation during walking. Clin Biomech. 2007;22(4):457-63.
[31]Law M, King G, King S, Kertoy M, Hurley P, Rosenbaum P, et al. Patterns of participation in recreational and leisure activities among children with complex physical disabilities. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48(5):337-42.
[32]Breslau N, Staruch KS, Mortimer EA Jr. Psychological distress in mothers of disabled children. Am J Dis Child. 1982;136(8):682-6.
[33]Duarte YA, Lebrão ML, Lima FD. The contribution of living arrangements in the provision of care for elderly persons with functional impairments in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2005;17(5-6):370-8. [Portuguese]
[34]Gill TM, Robison JT, Tinetti ME. Difficulty and dependency: Two components of the disability continuum among community-living older persons. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128(2):96-101.
[35]keqel B, Carpenter ML, Burgess EM. Functional capabilities of lower extremity amputees. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1978;59(3):109-20.
[36]Njegovan V, Hing MM, Mitchell SL, Molnar FJ. The hierarchy of functional loss associated with cognitive decline in older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(10):638-43.
[37]Newman RD, Mercer MA. Environmental health consequences of land mines. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2000;6(3):243-8.
[38]Wind WM, Schwend RM, Larson J. Sports for the physically challenged child. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2004;12(2):126-134.
[39]Somasundaram DJ, Renol KK. The psychosocial effects of landmines in Cambodia. Med Confl Surviv. 1998;14(3):219-36.
[40]Varni JW, Setoguchi Y. Effects of parental adjustment on the adaptation of children with congenital or acquired limb deficiencies. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1993;14(1):13-20.
[41]Varni JW, Setoguchi Y, Rappaport LR, Talbot D. Psychological adjustment and perceived social support in children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies. J Behav Med. 1992;15(1):31-44.
[42]Champion HR, Holcomb JB, Young LA. Injuries from explosions: Physics, biophysics, pathology, and required research focus. J Trauma. 2009;66(5):1468-77.