@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2251-8215 Sarem Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2017;1(2):55-58
ISSN: 2251-8215 Sarem Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2017;1(2):55-58
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy Effect on Atherogenic Factors and Chylomicrons Levels
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Saremi A.T. (*)Fasihi F. (1)
Safavi M. (2)
Hakak N. (2)
Ghanbari Torshaki F. (2)
(*) “Sarem Fertility & Infertility Research Center (SAFIR)” and “Sarem Cell Research Center (SCRC)”, Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran
(1) “Sarem Fertility & Infertility Research Center (SAFIR)” and “Sarem Cell Research Center (SCRC)”, , Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran
(2) Sarem Fertility & Infertility Research Center (SAFIR), Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Article History
Received: February 4, 2016Accepted: May 14, 2016
ePublished: June 15, 2017
ABSTRACT
Aims
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important complications in menopausal period. The complications are one of the major causes of death in women. Clearance of chylomicrons increases with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) that is a protective effect of estrogen against cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the postmenopausal hormone therapy effects on atherogenic factors and chylomicron levels.
Materials & Methods This study was conducted on all women with complications of menopause or women's problems who referred to Sarem medical center during 6 month from 1999 to 2000. The lipid and lipoprotein factors were measured before HRT therapy and six months after the treatment. Data were collected by a questionnaire including demographics, blood pressure, weight, height, and other clinical data. The total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, risk factor (RF), atherogenic factor (AI) and hormonal tests were evaluated before and after treatment. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and t tests.
Findings There were significant relationships between HRT with the increase of HDLC, and reduction of LDLC, RF and AI (p<0.05). However, there were no significant relationships between HRT and triglyceride and cholesterol serum levels.
Conclusion Hormone therapy increases HDLC and decreases LDLC, RF, and AI, and thus reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women.
Materials & Methods This study was conducted on all women with complications of menopause or women's problems who referred to Sarem medical center during 6 month from 1999 to 2000. The lipid and lipoprotein factors were measured before HRT therapy and six months after the treatment. Data were collected by a questionnaire including demographics, blood pressure, weight, height, and other clinical data. The total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, risk factor (RF), atherogenic factor (AI) and hormonal tests were evaluated before and after treatment. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and t tests.
Findings There were significant relationships between HRT with the increase of HDLC, and reduction of LDLC, RF and AI (p<0.05). However, there were no significant relationships between HRT and triglyceride and cholesterol serum levels.
Conclusion Hormone therapy increases HDLC and decreases LDLC, RF, and AI, and thus reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women.
CITATION LINKS
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[13]Urabe M, Yamamoto T, Kashiwagi T, Okubo T, Tsuchiya H, Iwasa K, et al. Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on hepatic triglyceride lipase, lipoprotein lipase and lipids including apolipoprotein E in climacteric and elderly women. Endocr J. 1996;43(6):737-42.
[14]Wagner JD, Martino MA, Jayo MJ, Anthony MS, Clarkson TB, Cefalu WT. The effects of hormone replacement therapy on carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys. Metabolism, 1996;45(10):1254-62.
[15]Sack MN, Rader DJ, Cannon RO 3rd. Oestrogen and inhibition of oxidation of low-density lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Lancet, 1994;343(8892):269-70.
[16]Cressman MD, Heyka RJ, Paganini EP, O’Neil J, Skibinski CI, Hoff HF. Lipoprotein(a) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. Circulation. 1992;86(2):475-82.
[2]Kannel, WB, Wilson PW. Risk factors that attenuate the female coronary disease advantage. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155(1):57-61.
[3]Santoro N, Randolph JF Jr. Reproductive hormones and the menopause transition. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011;38(3):455-66.
[4]Hodis HN, Mack WJ. Coronary heart disease and hormone replacement therapy after the menopause. Climacteric. 2009;12(Suppl 1):71-5.
[5]Alexandersen P, Karsdal MA, Christiansen c. Long-term prevention with hormone-replacement therapy after the menopause: Which women should be targeted?. Womens Health (Lond). 2009;5(6):637-47.
[6]Mendelsohn ME. Protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89(12A):12E-17E.
[7]Kuttenn F, Gerson M. Hormone replacement therapy of menopause, heart and blood vessels. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 2001;94(7):685-9. [French]
[8]Schaefer EJ, Genest JJ Jr, Ordovas JM, Salem DN, Wilson PW. Familial lipoprotein disorders and premature coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 1994;108 Suppl:S41-S54.
[9]Gofman JW, Delalla O, Glazier F, Freeman NK, Lindgren FT, Nichols AV, et al. The serum lipoprotein transport system in health, metabolic disorders, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. J Clin Lipidol. 2007;1(2):104-41.
[10]Jonas HA, Kronmal RA, Psaty BM, Manolio TA, Meilahn EN, Tell GS, et al. Current estrogen-progestin and estrogen replacement therapy in elderly women: Association with carotid atherosclerosis, CHS Collaborative Research Group, Cardiovascular Health Study. Ann Epidemiol. 1996;6(4):314-23.
[11]Cziraky MJ, Watson KE, Talbert RL. Targeting low HDLcholesterol to decrease residual cardiovascular risk in the managed care setting. J Manag Care Pharm. 2008;14(8 Suppl):S3-28.
[12]Suk Danik J, Rifai N, Buring JE, Ridker PM. Lipoprotein(a), hormone replacement therapy, and risk of future cardiovascular events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(2):124-31.
[13]Urabe M, Yamamoto T, Kashiwagi T, Okubo T, Tsuchiya H, Iwasa K, et al. Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on hepatic triglyceride lipase, lipoprotein lipase and lipids including apolipoprotein E in climacteric and elderly women. Endocr J. 1996;43(6):737-42.
[14]Wagner JD, Martino MA, Jayo MJ, Anthony MS, Clarkson TB, Cefalu WT. The effects of hormone replacement therapy on carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys. Metabolism, 1996;45(10):1254-62.
[15]Sack MN, Rader DJ, Cannon RO 3rd. Oestrogen and inhibition of oxidation of low-density lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Lancet, 1994;343(8892):269-70.
[16]Cressman MD, Heyka RJ, Paganini EP, O’Neil J, Skibinski CI, Hoff HF. Lipoprotein(a) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. Circulation. 1992;86(2):475-82.