@2025 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2014;20(2):127-132
ISSN: 2252-0805 The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2014;20(2):127-132
Effect of 50Hz Electromagnetic Fields on P448 and P450 Cytochromes and Gonadal Steroid Hormones in Male Mice
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Abbasnia V.S. (* )Pazireh N. (1 )
(* ) Biology Department, Sciences Faculty, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran
(1 ) Biology Department, Sciences Faculty, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: No.15, Ghafari 33, Ghafari Bolevard, Birjand, Iran. Postal Code: 9719687668Phone: +985614344297
Fax: +985614437727
abbasnia.vahideh@yahoo.com
Article History
Received: November 2, 2013Accepted: June 22, 2014
ePublished: July 1, 2014
ABSTRACT
Aims
Due to the increasing and widespread usage of the variety of electric and
magnetic devices and possible effect of electromagnetic fields caused by them on
human health many researchers have focused to investigate the harmful effects of
these fields. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 50Hz uniform
electromagnetic fields on P450 and P448 cytochromes and gonadal steroid hormones
in male NMRI mice.
Materials & Methods The study was done on 12 adult male NMRI mice. The mice were randomly divided into two control and experimental groups including 6 animals. To produce the uniform electromagnetic field solenoid cramps systems were used. The experimental group was exposed to 50Hz magnetic field with an intensity of 0.06mT for 28 continuous days and consecutive 4hour for each day and the results were compared with control group that was not exposed to the field. After blood sampling, LH, FSH and testosterone levels were measured by Gamma counter then liver was removed to study the P448 and P450 cytochromes.
Findings LH level increased in experimental group than control group and testosterone level decreased that these changes were significant statistically (p<0.05). FSH level had not significant change in the experimental group (p>0.05). Also mutagenic effects of electromagnetic fields were led to P448 and P450 cytochromes change.
Conclusion The 50Hz electromagnetic fields can affect gonadal steroid hormones and P448 and P450 cytochromes in male NMRI mice.
Materials & Methods The study was done on 12 adult male NMRI mice. The mice were randomly divided into two control and experimental groups including 6 animals. To produce the uniform electromagnetic field solenoid cramps systems were used. The experimental group was exposed to 50Hz magnetic field with an intensity of 0.06mT for 28 continuous days and consecutive 4hour for each day and the results were compared with control group that was not exposed to the field. After blood sampling, LH, FSH and testosterone levels were measured by Gamma counter then liver was removed to study the P448 and P450 cytochromes.
Findings LH level increased in experimental group than control group and testosterone level decreased that these changes were significant statistically (p<0.05). FSH level had not significant change in the experimental group (p>0.05). Also mutagenic effects of electromagnetic fields were led to P448 and P450 cytochromes change.
Conclusion The 50Hz electromagnetic fields can affect gonadal steroid hormones and P448 and P450 cytochromes in male NMRI mice.
CITATION LINKS
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[14]Khaki AA, Zarrintan S, Khaki A, Zahedi A. The effects of electromagnetic field on the microstructure of seminal vesicle in rat: A light and Transmissions electron microscope study. Pak J Biol Sci. 2008;11(5):692-701.
[15]Pickering BT, Birkett SD, Guldenaar SE, Nicholson HD, Worley RT, Yavachev L. Oxytocin in the Testis: What, Where, and Why?. Ann New York Acad Sci. 1989;564(1):198-209.
[16]Wathes DC. Oxytocin and vasopressin in the gonads. Oxf Rev Reprod Biol. 1989;11:225-83.
[17]Inskip PD, Tarone RE, Hatch EE, Wilcosky TC, Shapiro WR, Selker RG, et al. Cellular-telephone use and brain tumors. N Eng J Med. 2001;344(2):79-86.
[18]Lerchl A, Zachmann A, Ather Ali M, Reiter RJ. The effect of pulsing magnetic field on pineal melatonin synthesis in a teleost fish. Mut Res. 1998;256(3):171-3.
[19]Ivancsits S, Pilger A, Diem E, Jahn O, Rüdiger HW. Cell type-specific genotoxic effects of intermittent extremelylow-frequency electromagnetic field. Mut Res. 2005;583(2):184-8.
[20]Tyndall DA, Sulik KK. Effect of magnetic resonance imaging on eye development in the C57BL/6J mouse. Teratology. 1991;43(3):263-75.
[21]Amara S, Abdelmelk H, Ben Salem M, Abidi S, Sakly M. Effects of static magnetic field exposure on hematological and biochemical parameters in rats. Braz Arch Biol Technol. 2006;49(6):889-95.
[22]Nordenson I, Mild KH, Andersson G, Sandström M. Chromosomal aberrations in human amniotic cell after intermittent exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 1994;15(4):293-301.
[23]Nakahara T, Yaguchi H, Yoshida M, Miyakoshi J. Effects of exposure of CHO-K1 cells to a 10-T static magnetic field. Radiology. 2002;224(3):817-22.
[24]Celikozlu SD, Ozyurt MS, Cimbiz A, Yardimoglu MY, Cayci MK, Ozay Y. The effects of long-term exposure of magnetic field via 900-MHz GSM radiation on somebiochemical parameters and brain histology in rats. Electromagnetic Biol Med. 2012;31(4):344-55.
[25]Lantow M, Lupke M, Frahm J, Mattsson MO, Kuster N, Simko M.. ROS release and HSP70 expression after exposure to 1 .800 MHZ radiofrequency electromagnetic field in primary human monocytes and lymphocytes. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2006;45(1):55-62.
[26]Lin H, Goodman R, Shirley-Henderson A. Specific region of the C-myc promoter is responsive to electric & magnetic field. J Cell Biochem. 1994;54(3):281-8.
[27]Braune S, Riedel A, Schulte-Mönting J, Raczek J. Influence of a radio frequency electromagnetic field on cardiovascular and hormonal parameter of the autonomic nervous in healthy individuals. Radiat Res. 2002;158(3):352-6.
[28]Zotti-Martelli L, Peccatori M, Scarpato R, Migliore L. Induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes exposed in vitro to microwave radiation. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2000;472(1):51-8.
[29]De Rosa M, Zarrilli S, Di Sarno A, Milano N, Gaccione M, Boggia B, et al. Hyperprolactinemia in men. Endocrine. 2003;20(1-2):75-82.
[30]Esquifino AL, Chacon F, Jimense V, Reyes-Toso CF, Cardinali DP. 24-hour changes in circulating prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone in male rats subjected to social isolation. J Circadian Rhythm. 2004;36(5):112-24.
[31]Kato M, Honma K, Shigemitsu T, Shiga Y. Circulating polarized 50-Hz magnetic field exposure reduce pineal gland and blood melatonin concentration of long-evans rat. Neurosci Let. 1994;166(1):59-62.
[32]Kumlin T, Keilkkinen P, Laitinen JT, Juutilanin J. Exposure of 50 HZ magnetic field induces a circulation rhythm in 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate excretion in mice. J Radiat Res. 2005;46(3):313-8.
[33]Mevissen M, Lerchl A, Szmel M, Loscher W. Exposure of DMBA-treated female rats in a 50-Hz, 50 micro Tesla magnetic field: effects on mammary tumor growth, melatonin levels, and T lymphocyte activation. Carcinogenesis. 1996;17(5):903-10.
[34]Selmaoui B, Touitou Y. Sinusoidal 50 HZ magnetic fields depress rat pineal NAT activity and serum melatonin. Role of duration and intensity of exposure. Life Sci. 2005;57(14):1351-8.
[35]Mostafa RM, Moustafa YM, Ali FM, Shafik A. Sex hormone status in male rats after exposure to 50HZ, 5mT magnetic field. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2006;52(5):363-9.
[36]Mostafa RM, Moustafa YM, Ennaceur A. Effects of exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field of 2 G intensity on memory and corticosterone level in rats. Physiol Behav. 2002;76(4):589-95.
[37]Davis S, Mirick DK, Chen C, Stanczyk FZ. Effects of 60-Hz Magnetic Field Exposure on Nocturnal 6- Sulfatoxymelatonin, Estrogens, Luteinizing Hormone, and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Healthy Reproductive-Age Women: Results of a Crossover Trial .Ann Epidemiol. 2006;16(8):622-31.
[2]Löscher W, Wahnschaffe U, Mevissen M, Lerchl A, Stamm A. Effect of weak alternating magnetic fields on noctunal melatonin production and mammary carcinogenesis in rat. Oncology. 1994;51(3):288-95.
[3]Stevens RG. Breast cancer and electric power. Biomed Pharmacother. 1993;47(10):435-8.
[4]Strand JA, Abernethy CS, Skalski, JR, Genoway RG. Effects of magnetic fields exposure on fertilization success in rainbow trout, salmon gairdneri. Bioelecromagnetic. 1983;4(4):295-301.
[5]Zare S, Hayatgeibi H, Alivandi S, Ebadi AG. Effects of whole-body magnetic field on changes of glucose and cortisol hormone in guinea pigs. Am J Biochem Biotechnol. 2005;1(4):217-9.
[6]Delgado J, Leal J, Monteagudo JL, Gracia MG. Embryological change induced by week extremely low frequency electromagnetic field. J Anat. 1982;134(3):533- 51.
[7]Ubeda A, Leal J, Trillo MA, Jimenez MA, Delgado JM. Pulse shape of magnetic fields influence chick embryogenesis. J Anat. 1983;137(3):513-36.
[8]Kartashev AH. Biological mechanism of long-term effect of alternating electric field on the development of mice. Fiziologicheskii zhurnal. 1992;38(3):81-5. [Russian]
[9]Bassett CAL, Mitchell SN, Gaston SR. Treatment of united tibial diaphysis features with pulsing electromagnetic field. J Bone Joint Surg. 1981;63(4):511-23.
[10]Soeradi O, Tadjudin MK. Congenital anomalies in the offspring of rats after exposure of the testis to an electromagnetic field. Int J Androl. 2001;9(2):152-60.
[11]Pool R. Electromagnetic fields: The biological evidence. Science. 1990;249(4975):1378-81.
[12]Reiter RJ. Electromagnetic field and melatonin. Biomed Pharmacother. 1993;47(10):439-44
[13]Zagorskaia EA. Reaction of the endocrine system and peripheral blood of rats to a single and chronic exposure to pulsed low-frequency electromagnetic field. Kosmicheskaia Biologiia I Aviakosmicheskaia Meditsina. 1989;24(2):56- 60. [Russian]
[14]Khaki AA, Zarrintan S, Khaki A, Zahedi A. The effects of electromagnetic field on the microstructure of seminal vesicle in rat: A light and Transmissions electron microscope study. Pak J Biol Sci. 2008;11(5):692-701.
[15]Pickering BT, Birkett SD, Guldenaar SE, Nicholson HD, Worley RT, Yavachev L. Oxytocin in the Testis: What, Where, and Why?. Ann New York Acad Sci. 1989;564(1):198-209.
[16]Wathes DC. Oxytocin and vasopressin in the gonads. Oxf Rev Reprod Biol. 1989;11:225-83.
[17]Inskip PD, Tarone RE, Hatch EE, Wilcosky TC, Shapiro WR, Selker RG, et al. Cellular-telephone use and brain tumors. N Eng J Med. 2001;344(2):79-86.
[18]Lerchl A, Zachmann A, Ather Ali M, Reiter RJ. The effect of pulsing magnetic field on pineal melatonin synthesis in a teleost fish. Mut Res. 1998;256(3):171-3.
[19]Ivancsits S, Pilger A, Diem E, Jahn O, Rüdiger HW. Cell type-specific genotoxic effects of intermittent extremelylow-frequency electromagnetic field. Mut Res. 2005;583(2):184-8.
[20]Tyndall DA, Sulik KK. Effect of magnetic resonance imaging on eye development in the C57BL/6J mouse. Teratology. 1991;43(3):263-75.
[21]Amara S, Abdelmelk H, Ben Salem M, Abidi S, Sakly M. Effects of static magnetic field exposure on hematological and biochemical parameters in rats. Braz Arch Biol Technol. 2006;49(6):889-95.
[22]Nordenson I, Mild KH, Andersson G, Sandström M. Chromosomal aberrations in human amniotic cell after intermittent exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 1994;15(4):293-301.
[23]Nakahara T, Yaguchi H, Yoshida M, Miyakoshi J. Effects of exposure of CHO-K1 cells to a 10-T static magnetic field. Radiology. 2002;224(3):817-22.
[24]Celikozlu SD, Ozyurt MS, Cimbiz A, Yardimoglu MY, Cayci MK, Ozay Y. The effects of long-term exposure of magnetic field via 900-MHz GSM radiation on somebiochemical parameters and brain histology in rats. Electromagnetic Biol Med. 2012;31(4):344-55.
[25]Lantow M, Lupke M, Frahm J, Mattsson MO, Kuster N, Simko M.. ROS release and HSP70 expression after exposure to 1 .800 MHZ radiofrequency electromagnetic field in primary human monocytes and lymphocytes. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2006;45(1):55-62.
[26]Lin H, Goodman R, Shirley-Henderson A. Specific region of the C-myc promoter is responsive to electric & magnetic field. J Cell Biochem. 1994;54(3):281-8.
[27]Braune S, Riedel A, Schulte-Mönting J, Raczek J. Influence of a radio frequency electromagnetic field on cardiovascular and hormonal parameter of the autonomic nervous in healthy individuals. Radiat Res. 2002;158(3):352-6.
[28]Zotti-Martelli L, Peccatori M, Scarpato R, Migliore L. Induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes exposed in vitro to microwave radiation. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2000;472(1):51-8.
[29]De Rosa M, Zarrilli S, Di Sarno A, Milano N, Gaccione M, Boggia B, et al. Hyperprolactinemia in men. Endocrine. 2003;20(1-2):75-82.
[30]Esquifino AL, Chacon F, Jimense V, Reyes-Toso CF, Cardinali DP. 24-hour changes in circulating prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone in male rats subjected to social isolation. J Circadian Rhythm. 2004;36(5):112-24.
[31]Kato M, Honma K, Shigemitsu T, Shiga Y. Circulating polarized 50-Hz magnetic field exposure reduce pineal gland and blood melatonin concentration of long-evans rat. Neurosci Let. 1994;166(1):59-62.
[32]Kumlin T, Keilkkinen P, Laitinen JT, Juutilanin J. Exposure of 50 HZ magnetic field induces a circulation rhythm in 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate excretion in mice. J Radiat Res. 2005;46(3):313-8.
[33]Mevissen M, Lerchl A, Szmel M, Loscher W. Exposure of DMBA-treated female rats in a 50-Hz, 50 micro Tesla magnetic field: effects on mammary tumor growth, melatonin levels, and T lymphocyte activation. Carcinogenesis. 1996;17(5):903-10.
[34]Selmaoui B, Touitou Y. Sinusoidal 50 HZ magnetic fields depress rat pineal NAT activity and serum melatonin. Role of duration and intensity of exposure. Life Sci. 2005;57(14):1351-8.
[35]Mostafa RM, Moustafa YM, Ali FM, Shafik A. Sex hormone status in male rats after exposure to 50HZ, 5mT magnetic field. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2006;52(5):363-9.
[36]Mostafa RM, Moustafa YM, Ennaceur A. Effects of exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field of 2 G intensity on memory and corticosterone level in rats. Physiol Behav. 2002;76(4):589-95.
[37]Davis S, Mirick DK, Chen C, Stanczyk FZ. Effects of 60-Hz Magnetic Field Exposure on Nocturnal 6- Sulfatoxymelatonin, Estrogens, Luteinizing Hormone, and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Healthy Reproductive-Age Women: Results of a Crossover Trial .Ann Epidemiol. 2006;16(8):622-31.