@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2015;7(2):91-98
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2015;7(2):91-98
Effect of Group Exercise Program on Quality of Life in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder War Veterans
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Original ResearchAuthors
Mandani B. (* )Hosseini S.A. (1 )
Saadat Abadi M. (2 )
Farahbod M. (2 )
(* ) “Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center” and “Occupational Therapy Department. Rehabilitation School”, Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
(1 ) Pediatric Neuro Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Welfare Sciences & Rehabilitation, Tehran , Iran
(2 ) Special Education Department, Exceptional Children Research Center and Institute, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Occupational Therapy Department, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Boulevard, Ahvaz, Iran. Postal Code: 61357-33133Phone: +986113743101
Fax: +986113743506
ghazal.mandani@gmail.com
Article History
Received: December 10, 2014Accepted: February 24, 2015
ePublished: April 20, 2015
ABSTRACT
Aims
War veterans have different physical and mental problems due to exposure to variety of traumatic events and stressors and these problems affect their quality of life seriously. One of the nonmedical treatments that can improve their quality of life is exercise and physical activities. Aim of the present study was to determine the effect of group exercise program on the quality of life in war veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Materials & Methods In this single blinded, clinical controlled trial, in 2014, the quality of life of 30 PTSD war veterans from accessible population in a hospital in Ahwaz city, Iran, was measured in 2 equal experiment and control groups. Treatment protocol consisted of group exercise program occurred in 12 weeks, 2 days a week and 40 minutes a day. Measurements were conducted by 36-item Short Form of Health Survey before, after and one month after the treatment period. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software with One-way ANOVA and ANOVA with repeated measurements tests.
Findings There were significant differences in experimental group compared to control group in mental scale (p=0.031), physical scale (p<0.01) and total score of the quality of life (p=0.012).
Conclusion Physical exercise and group exercise program can improve quality of life in mental health and physical health scale in PTSD war veterans.
Materials & Methods In this single blinded, clinical controlled trial, in 2014, the quality of life of 30 PTSD war veterans from accessible population in a hospital in Ahwaz city, Iran, was measured in 2 equal experiment and control groups. Treatment protocol consisted of group exercise program occurred in 12 weeks, 2 days a week and 40 minutes a day. Measurements were conducted by 36-item Short Form of Health Survey before, after and one month after the treatment period. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software with One-way ANOVA and ANOVA with repeated measurements tests.
Findings There were significant differences in experimental group compared to control group in mental scale (p=0.031), physical scale (p<0.01) and total score of the quality of life (p=0.012).
Conclusion Physical exercise and group exercise program can improve quality of life in mental health and physical health scale in PTSD war veterans.
CITATION LINKS
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[14]Faulkner G, Carless D. Physical activity in the process of psychiatric rehabilitation: Theoretical and methodological issues. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2006;29(4):258-66.
[15]Sahlin KB, Lexell J. Impact of organized sports on activity, participation, and quality of life in people with neurologic disabilities. PM R. 2015;pii:S1934-1482(15)00171-9.
[16]Dimeo F, Bauer M, Varahram I, Proest G, Halter U. Benefits from aerobic exercise in patients with major depression: A pilot study. Br J Sports Med. 2001;35(2):114-7.
[17]Petrozzello SJ, Landers DM, Hatfield BD, Kubitz KA, Salazar W. A meta analysis on the anxiety-reducing effects of acute and chronic exercise outcome and mechanisms. Sports Med. 1991;11(3):143-82.
[18]Rehor PR, Dunnagan T, Stewart C, Cooley D. Alteration of mood state after a single bout of noncompetitive and competitive exercise programs. Percept Motor Skills. 2001;93(1):249-56.
[19]Meyer T, Broocks A. Therapeutic impact of exercise on psychiatric diseases. Sports Med. 2000;30(4):269-79.
[20]de Assis MAd, de Mello MF, Scorza FA, Cadrobbi MP, Schooedl AF, Gomes da Silva S, et al. Evaluation of physical activity habits in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinics. 2008;63(4):473-8.
[21]Otter L, Currie J. A long time getting home: Vietnam Veterans' experiences in a community exercise rehabilitation programme. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26(1):27-34.
[22]Dunn AL, Trivedi MH, O'Neal HA. Physical activity dose–response effects on outcomes of depression and anxiety. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(Suppl. 6):S587-97.
[23]Paffenbarger RS, Lee IM, Leung R. Physical activity and personal characteristics associated with depression and suicide in American college men. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1994;377:16-22.
[24]Collingwood TR, Sunderlin J, Reynolds R, Kohl HW. Physical training as a substance abuse prevention intervention for youth. J Drug Educ. 2000;30(4):435-52.
[25]Folkins CH, Sime WE. Physical fitness training and mental health. Am Psychol. 1981;36(4):373-89.
[26]Callaghan P. Exercise: A neglected intervention in mental health care? J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2004;11(4):476-83.
[27]Martinsen EW, Medhus A, Sandvik L. Effects of aerobic exercise on depression: A controled study. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985;291(6488):109.
[28]Paluska SA, Schwenk TL. Physical activity and mental health. Sports Med. 2000;29(3):167-80.
[29]Brooks A. Physical training in the treatment of psychological disorders. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2005;48(8):914-21.
[30]Goodwin RD. Association between physical activity and mental disorders among adults in the United States. Prev Med. 2003;36(6):698-703.
[31]Steptoe A, Edwards S, Moses J, Mathews A. The effects of exercise training on mood and perceived coping ability in anxious adults from the general population. J Psychosom Res. 1989;33(5):537-47.
[32]Chogahara MO, Brien Cousins S, Wankel LM. Social influence in physical activity in older adults. J Aging Phys Act. 1998;6(1):1-17.
[33]Pucci GC, Rech CR, Fermino RC, Reis RS. Association between physical activity and quality of life in adults. Rev Saude Publica. 2012;46(1):166-79.
[34]Spirduso WW, Cronin DL. Exercise does-dependent effects on quality of life and independent living in older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(Suppl. 6):609-33.
[35]Manger TA, Motta RW. The impact of an exercise program on posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2005;7(1):49-57.
[36]Sale C, Guppy A, El-Sayed M. Individual differences, exercise and leisure activity in predicting affective well-being in young adults. Ergonomics. 2000;43(10):1689-97.
[37]Taghipour H, Moharamzad Y, Mafi AR, Amini A, Naghizadeh MM, Soroush MR, et al. Quality of life among veterans with war-related unilateral lower extremity amputation: A long-term survey in in a Prosthesis Center in Iran. J Orthop Trauma. 2009;23(7):525-30.
[38]Yazelkucuk K, Taska Y, Mehmet A, Guzelkucuk U, Tugeu L. Effect of playing football on balance strength and quality of life in unilateral below knee amputees. Am J Phys Med Rehab. 2007;86(10):800-5.
[39]Siddharthan K. The effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on rehabilitation among combat-wounded veterans. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;182:114-24.
[40]Dally AJ. Exercise therapy and mental health in clinical population: Is exercise therapy a worthwhile intervention?. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2002;8(4):262-70.
[41]Brovold T, Skelton DA, Bergland A. Older adults recently discharged from the hospital: effect of aerobic interval exercise on health-related quality of life, physical fitness, and physical activity. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(9):1580-5.
[42]Diaz AB, Motta R. The effects of an aerobic exercise program on posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity in adolescents. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2008;10(1):49-59.
[43]Conn AM, Calais C, Szilagyi M, Baldwin C, Jee SH. Youth in out-of-home care: Relation of engagement in structured group activities with social and mental health measures. Child Youth Services Rev. 2014;36:201-5.
[44]Brauninger I. The efficacy of dance movement therapy group on improvement of quality of life: A randomized controlled trial. Art Psychother. 2012;39(4):296-303.
[45]Mahoney JL, Schweder AE, Stattin H. Structured after-school activities as a moderator of depressed mood for adolescents with detached relations to their parents. J Community Psychology. 2002;30(1):69-86.
[46]Bartko WT, Eccles JS. Adolescent participation in structured and unstructured activities: A person-oriented analysis. J Youth Adoles. 2003;32(4):233-41.
[47]Gomes E, Bastos T, Probst M, Riberio JC, Silva G, Corredeira R. Effects of a group physical activity program on physical fitness and quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia. Ment Health Phys Activ. 2014;7(3):155-62.
[48]Kalate Jari M, Bagheri H, Hasani MR. Effect of aerobic exercise program on quality of life in Schizophrenia. J Shahrekord Uni Med Sci. 2007;9(3):28-36. [Persian]
[49]Telenius EW, Engedel K, Bergland A. Effect of a high-intensity exercise program on physical function and mental health in nursing home residents with dementia: an assessor blinded randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0126102.
[2]Schnurr PP, Lunny CA, Bovin MJ, Marx BP. Post traumatic stress disorder and quality of life: extension of findings to veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009;29(8):275-35.
[3]Mogotsi M, Kaminer D, Stein DJ. Quality of life in the anxiety disorders. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2000;8(6):273-82.
[4]Peraica T, Vidovic A, Petrovic ZK, Kozaric-Kovacic D. Quality of life of Croatian veterans, wives and veterans with post traumatic stress disorder. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014;12(1):136.
[5]Grieger T, Cozza S, Ursano R, Hoge C, Martinez P, Engel C, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in battle-injured soldiers. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(10):1777-83.
[6]Ahmadizade MJ, Ahmadi K, Eskandari H, Falsafinejad MR, Borjali A, Anisi J, et al. Improvement in quality of life after exposure therapy, problem solving and combined therapy in chronic war-related post traumatic stress disorder. Proc Soc Behav Sci. 2010;5:262-6.
[7]Herman N, Eryarec G. Post traumatic stress disorder in institutionalized world war II veterans. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1994;2(4):324-31.
[8]Spiro A 3rd, Schnurr PP, Aldwin CM. Combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in older men. Psychol Aging. 1994;9(1):17-26.
[9]Zatzick DF, Marmar CR, Weiss DS, Browner WS, Metzler TJ, Golding JM, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder and functioning and quality of life outcomes in a nationally representative sample of male Vietnam veterans. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154(12): 1690-5.
[10]Rapaport MH, Clary C, Fayyad R, Endicott J. Quality-of-life impairment in depressive and anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(6):1171-8.
[11]Azad Marzabadi E, Hashemi Zade SM. The effectiveness of mindfulness training in improving the quality of life the war victims with post-traumatic stress disorder. Iran J Psychiatry. 2014; 9(4): 228-36.
[12]Pell JP, Donnan PT, Fowkes FG, Ruckly CV. Quality of life following lower limb amputation for peripheral anterior disease. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1993;7(4):448-51.
[13]Faulkner G, Biddle S. Exercise and mental health: It's just not psychology!. J Sports Sci. 2001;19(6):433-44.
[14]Faulkner G, Carless D. Physical activity in the process of psychiatric rehabilitation: Theoretical and methodological issues. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2006;29(4):258-66.
[15]Sahlin KB, Lexell J. Impact of organized sports on activity, participation, and quality of life in people with neurologic disabilities. PM R. 2015;pii:S1934-1482(15)00171-9.
[16]Dimeo F, Bauer M, Varahram I, Proest G, Halter U. Benefits from aerobic exercise in patients with major depression: A pilot study. Br J Sports Med. 2001;35(2):114-7.
[17]Petrozzello SJ, Landers DM, Hatfield BD, Kubitz KA, Salazar W. A meta analysis on the anxiety-reducing effects of acute and chronic exercise outcome and mechanisms. Sports Med. 1991;11(3):143-82.
[18]Rehor PR, Dunnagan T, Stewart C, Cooley D. Alteration of mood state after a single bout of noncompetitive and competitive exercise programs. Percept Motor Skills. 2001;93(1):249-56.
[19]Meyer T, Broocks A. Therapeutic impact of exercise on psychiatric diseases. Sports Med. 2000;30(4):269-79.
[20]de Assis MAd, de Mello MF, Scorza FA, Cadrobbi MP, Schooedl AF, Gomes da Silva S, et al. Evaluation of physical activity habits in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinics. 2008;63(4):473-8.
[21]Otter L, Currie J. A long time getting home: Vietnam Veterans' experiences in a community exercise rehabilitation programme. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26(1):27-34.
[22]Dunn AL, Trivedi MH, O'Neal HA. Physical activity dose–response effects on outcomes of depression and anxiety. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(Suppl. 6):S587-97.
[23]Paffenbarger RS, Lee IM, Leung R. Physical activity and personal characteristics associated with depression and suicide in American college men. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1994;377:16-22.
[24]Collingwood TR, Sunderlin J, Reynolds R, Kohl HW. Physical training as a substance abuse prevention intervention for youth. J Drug Educ. 2000;30(4):435-52.
[25]Folkins CH, Sime WE. Physical fitness training and mental health. Am Psychol. 1981;36(4):373-89.
[26]Callaghan P. Exercise: A neglected intervention in mental health care? J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2004;11(4):476-83.
[27]Martinsen EW, Medhus A, Sandvik L. Effects of aerobic exercise on depression: A controled study. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985;291(6488):109.
[28]Paluska SA, Schwenk TL. Physical activity and mental health. Sports Med. 2000;29(3):167-80.
[29]Brooks A. Physical training in the treatment of psychological disorders. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2005;48(8):914-21.
[30]Goodwin RD. Association between physical activity and mental disorders among adults in the United States. Prev Med. 2003;36(6):698-703.
[31]Steptoe A, Edwards S, Moses J, Mathews A. The effects of exercise training on mood and perceived coping ability in anxious adults from the general population. J Psychosom Res. 1989;33(5):537-47.
[32]Chogahara MO, Brien Cousins S, Wankel LM. Social influence in physical activity in older adults. J Aging Phys Act. 1998;6(1):1-17.
[33]Pucci GC, Rech CR, Fermino RC, Reis RS. Association between physical activity and quality of life in adults. Rev Saude Publica. 2012;46(1):166-79.
[34]Spirduso WW, Cronin DL. Exercise does-dependent effects on quality of life and independent living in older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(Suppl. 6):609-33.
[35]Manger TA, Motta RW. The impact of an exercise program on posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2005;7(1):49-57.
[36]Sale C, Guppy A, El-Sayed M. Individual differences, exercise and leisure activity in predicting affective well-being in young adults. Ergonomics. 2000;43(10):1689-97.
[37]Taghipour H, Moharamzad Y, Mafi AR, Amini A, Naghizadeh MM, Soroush MR, et al. Quality of life among veterans with war-related unilateral lower extremity amputation: A long-term survey in in a Prosthesis Center in Iran. J Orthop Trauma. 2009;23(7):525-30.
[38]Yazelkucuk K, Taska Y, Mehmet A, Guzelkucuk U, Tugeu L. Effect of playing football on balance strength and quality of life in unilateral below knee amputees. Am J Phys Med Rehab. 2007;86(10):800-5.
[39]Siddharthan K. The effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on rehabilitation among combat-wounded veterans. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;182:114-24.
[40]Dally AJ. Exercise therapy and mental health in clinical population: Is exercise therapy a worthwhile intervention?. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2002;8(4):262-70.
[41]Brovold T, Skelton DA, Bergland A. Older adults recently discharged from the hospital: effect of aerobic interval exercise on health-related quality of life, physical fitness, and physical activity. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(9):1580-5.
[42]Diaz AB, Motta R. The effects of an aerobic exercise program on posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity in adolescents. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2008;10(1):49-59.
[43]Conn AM, Calais C, Szilagyi M, Baldwin C, Jee SH. Youth in out-of-home care: Relation of engagement in structured group activities with social and mental health measures. Child Youth Services Rev. 2014;36:201-5.
[44]Brauninger I. The efficacy of dance movement therapy group on improvement of quality of life: A randomized controlled trial. Art Psychother. 2012;39(4):296-303.
[45]Mahoney JL, Schweder AE, Stattin H. Structured after-school activities as a moderator of depressed mood for adolescents with detached relations to their parents. J Community Psychology. 2002;30(1):69-86.
[46]Bartko WT, Eccles JS. Adolescent participation in structured and unstructured activities: A person-oriented analysis. J Youth Adoles. 2003;32(4):233-41.
[47]Gomes E, Bastos T, Probst M, Riberio JC, Silva G, Corredeira R. Effects of a group physical activity program on physical fitness and quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia. Ment Health Phys Activ. 2014;7(3):155-62.
[48]Kalate Jari M, Bagheri H, Hasani MR. Effect of aerobic exercise program on quality of life in Schizophrenia. J Shahrekord Uni Med Sci. 2007;9(3):28-36. [Persian]
[49]Telenius EW, Engedel K, Bergland A. Effect of a high-intensity exercise program on physical function and mental health in nursing home residents with dementia: an assessor blinded randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0126102.