@2024 Afarand., IRAN
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(4):241-248
ISSN: 2008-2630 Iranian Journal of War & Public Health 2020;12(4):241-248
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Nurses' Family Members in Covid–19 Pandemic; a Case Study of Torbat-e Heydariyeh Hospitals
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type
Descriptive & Survey StudyAuthors
Sarboozi-Hoseinabadi T. (1)Askari M. (1)
Miri Kh. (1)
Namazi Nia M. (*1)
(1) "Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery" and "Health Sciences Research Center", Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
Correspondence
Address: Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran Postal Code: 9519633787Phone: +98 (515) 2229202
Fax: +98 (515) 2226011
mnamazi99@gmail.com
Article History
Received: October 21, 2020Accepted: November 28, 2020
ePublished: March 3, 2021
ABSTRACT
Aims
Nurses' family members are among those at risk for psychological disorders caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the rate of depression, anxiety, and stress in nurses' families in the Covid-19 pandemic.
Instrument & Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed by purposive sampling from April 2016 to June 2016 with 222 family members of nurses working in the wards of patients with Covid-19 in Torbat-e Heydarieh City, Iran. Data collection tools included a demographic- and the DASS-21 standardized questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software, one-way analysis of variance, and LSD post hoc test.
Findings There were significant relations between nurses' family members' depression with marriage and relationship with the medical staff, nurses' family members' anxiety with age group, employment status, quarantine status, and nurses' family members' stress with employment status (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean score of depression between the single/married, parents/spouse, spouse/child, and child/other groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the average anxiety score between the 10 to 30 years/31 to 50 years, 31 to 50 years/51 to 70 years, plan/contract, plan/covenant, plan/company, contract/formal, return home/quarantine at home and quarantine at home/quarantine in the new house groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean stress score between the plan/contract, plan/covenant, plan/formal, contract/corporate, and formal/corporate groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion Families of nurses working in Torbat-e Heydarieh hospitals suffer from significant levels of depression, anxiety, and stress during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Instrument & Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed by purposive sampling from April 2016 to June 2016 with 222 family members of nurses working in the wards of patients with Covid-19 in Torbat-e Heydarieh City, Iran. Data collection tools included a demographic- and the DASS-21 standardized questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software, one-way analysis of variance, and LSD post hoc test.
Findings There were significant relations between nurses' family members' depression with marriage and relationship with the medical staff, nurses' family members' anxiety with age group, employment status, quarantine status, and nurses' family members' stress with employment status (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean score of depression between the single/married, parents/spouse, spouse/child, and child/other groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the average anxiety score between the 10 to 30 years/31 to 50 years, 31 to 50 years/51 to 70 years, plan/contract, plan/covenant, plan/company, contract/formal, return home/quarantine at home and quarantine at home/quarantine in the new house groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean stress score between the plan/contract, plan/covenant, plan/formal, contract/corporate, and formal/corporate groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion Families of nurses working in Torbat-e Heydarieh hospitals suffer from significant levels of depression, anxiety, and stress during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Keywords:
Depression ,
Anxiety ,
Stress ,
Nurses ,
Covid-19 ,
Family Members of Health Care Workers ,
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[3]Worldometers. COVID-19 coronavirus Pandemic [Internet]. Unknown City: Worldometers; 2020 [Cited 2020 Oct. 20]. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
[4]Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten D, Gulyaeva AA, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: The species and its viruses-a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group. bioRxiv; 2020 Feb.
[5]World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Situation report, 3. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
[6]Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708-20.
[7]Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W, Song ZG, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature. 2020;579(7798):265-9.
[8]Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579:270-3.
[9]Anderson RM, Heesterbeek H, Klinkenberg D, Hollingsworth TD. How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVD-19 epidemic?. Lancet. 2020;395(10228):931-4.
[10]Wong LP, Alias H, Danaee M, Ziaee M, Adebi F, Ziaee A, et al. Uncovering psychobehavioral implications of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Iran. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2020 Jun.
[11]Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVD-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
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[14]Arefian N, Sedighi A, Sedighi A, Noubahar M. Depression in the nurses of the special wards versus nurses of the general wards, a comparative study. Int J Cancer Manag. 2009;2(3):143-50. [Persian]
[15]Ying Y, Ruan L, Kong F, Zhu B, Ji Y, Lou Z. Mental health status among family members of health care workers in Ningbo, China, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVD-19) outbreak: A Cross-sectional Study. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20:379.
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[18]Li S, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhao N, Zhu T. The impact of COVD-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: A study on active weibo users. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6):2032.
[19]Elizarrarás-Rivas J, Vargas-Mendoza JE, Mayoral-García M, Matadamas-Zarate C, Elizarrarás-Cruz A, Taylor M, et al. Psychological response of family members of patients hospitalised for influenza A/H1N1 in Oaxaca, Mexico. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:104.
[20]Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression And Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335-43.
[21]Sahebi A, Asghari MJ, Salari R. Validation of depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) for an Iranian population. Dev Psychol Iran Psychol. 2005;1(4):36-54. [Persian]
[22]Mehdipour-Rabori R, Nematollahi M. The effect of recommended Azkar on anxiety, stress, and depression in families of patients undergoing open heart surgery. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014;19(3):238-41.
[23]Najafi Kalyani M, Pourjam E, Jamshidi N, Karimi Sh, Najafi Kalyani V. Survey of stress, anxiety, depression and self-concept of students of Fasa University of medical sciences, 2010. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2013;3(3):235-40. [Persian]
[24]Sarboozi Hosein Abadi T, Askari M, Miri K, Namazi Nia M. Depression, stress and anxiety of nurses in COVD-19 pandemic in Torbat Heydariyeh Hospital, Iran. J Mil Med. 2020;22(6):526-33. [Persian]
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[26]Wu YC, Chen CS, Chan YJ. The outbreak of COVD-19: An overview. J Chin Med Assoc. 2020;83(3):217-20.
[27]Soleimani M, Azimian S, Nazari AM, Zahrakar K. Relationship between family power structure, marital conflicts, and mental health in male retirees of Alborz province department, Iran Ministry of Education. Iran J Ageing. 2016;10(4):80-7. [Persian]
[28]Khamseh F, Roohi H, Ebaady A, Hajiamini Z, Salimi H, Radfar S. Survey relationship between demographic factors and stress, anxiety and depression in nurses working in selected hospitals in Tehran city. J Holist Nurs Midwifery. 2011;21(1):13-21. [Persian]
[29]Sadeghi Yarandi M, Gholami A, Ghasemi M, Sadeghi Yarandi M, Ghasemi Koozekonan A, Soltanzadeh A. Investigating the psychological consequences of the COVD-19 outbreak in the occupational society. J Mil Med. 2020;22(6):562-9. [Persian]
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[31]Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976-e.
[32]Momayyezi M, Farzaneh F, Lotfi MH. Mental health status (depression, anxiety and stress) of employed and unemployed women in Yazd, Iran, 2015. Health Dev J. 2018;7(3):239-49.
[33]Landa JMA, López-Zafra E, Martos MPB, del Carmen Aguilar-Luzon M. The relationship between emotional intelligence, occupational stress and health in nurses: a questionnaire survey. Intl J Nurs Stud. 2008;45(6):888-901.
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